资源环境承载协调理论与评价方法     

李瑞敏  殷志强  李小磊  刘琼  孟晖  黄道袤  王轶  王龙平  王欣宝  刘建奎  孙超  赵德刚 《地质通报》2020,(1):80-87

资源环境承载能力评价是进行国土空间规划和用途管控的基础性工作,越来越受到国家重视。在资源环境承载能力研究实践中,以自然资源环境系统及其与社会经济系统的关系为主要研究对象,创新性提出了"资源环境承载协调理论",并基于此理论初步建立了不同空间尺度的地质资源环境承载能力评价技术方法,构建了地质环境、地下水资源、矿产资源等不同资源环境要素的承载能力评价指标体系,包括承载本底评价指标和承载状态评价指标。规范了不同尺度的资源与环境承载能力评价流程,为有序推动全国、区域及市县尺度的自然单元和行政单元的地质资源环境承载能力评价工作提供了强有力的。  相似文献   

近15a陕西省植被时空变化与影响因素分析          下载免费PDF全文

岳辉  刘英 《干旱区地理》2019,42(2):314-323

利用2000—2014年MODIS/NDVI时间序列数据，采用栅格像元趋势分析、稳定性评价的方法，研究了陕西省近15 a植被的时空变化特征和规律；利用Hurst指数对陕西省植被未来变化趋势进行了预测；并利用相关性分析法分析了NDVI与年均温度和降雨量的关系。结果表明，2000年、2015年陕西省NDVI均值分别为0.4273、0.4942， 15 a来增加了0.067，增长了16.0%，其中陕北地区NDVI增加明显，关中部分地区出现负增长，陕南地区NDVI总体依旧维持在较高水平。陕西省植被变化趋势具有明显的空间差异性，全省植被未变化的占52.0 %，改善部分占44.27 %，退化部分占3.73%，说明15 a间陕西省植被覆盖改善面积大于退化面积，植被状况有所改善；其中陕北地区植被呈明显改善区域面积较大，关中地区植被覆盖面积有所减少，陕南地区植被变化幅度较小。陕西省植被稳定区域占50%以上（0 0.2)，说明15a间陕西省植被较为稳定，变化程度不大；其中陕西省植被最稳定地区主要集中在陕南、延安南部，榆林部分、西安、渭南少部地区变化幅度较大。Hurst指数分析表明陕西省44.54%面积的植被未来有可能面临退化，主要分布在陕北和关中地区的北部，植被未来有可能退化也有可能改善的面积占49.78%，主要分布在延安和陕南地区。陕西省近15 a气温和降水量总体呈增加趋势，增加速率分别为0.48 ℃·(10 a)-1和69.5 mm ( a)-1；相关性分析结果表明，年均降雨量是影响NDVI的主要气象因子，同时陕西省植被变化也受到了退耕还林还草、防沙治沙、生态政治等人为因素的影响。  相似文献   

Spatial analysis of water quality and its suitability in farming giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Negeri Sembilan region,Peninsular Malaysia     

Benjamin Ezekiel Bwadi  Firuza Begham Mustafa  Mohammad Lokman Ali  Subha Bhassu 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2019,40(1):71-91

Finding potential sites for resilient prawn production in the tropical environment that also prevents wastage of natural resources is not an easy task. The purpose of this study is to evaluate water quality suitability for prawn farming in Negeri Sembilan of Peninsular Malaysia based on Geographic Information System (GIS). To achieve this goal, numerous criteria including sources of water, water temperature, water pH, sources of pollution, salinity, soil texture and availability of phytoplankton criteria were considered for the modelling process. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was performed to standardize the criteria and the weighting process. The weighted overlay of indicators and results were accomplished by applying the Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method in GIS. It was indicated that the Negeri Sembilan area has potential for prawn farming. The results showed that about 25 per cent (163 056.93 ha) of the area was most suitable for prawn farming, about 58 per cent (384 656.88 ha) was considered moderately suitable, while 18 per cent (117 633.49 ha) was regarded as least suitable. The study concluded that the multi‐criteria decision analysis of water quality for prawn farming is vital for regional economic planning in the Negeri Sembilan area and also significant when establishing a model for aquaculture development.  相似文献   

九寨沟国家级自然保护区长海夏季浮游植物群落结构及生态评价     

邢冰伟  徐季雄  曹玥  邓贵平  庞婉婷  王全喜 《湖泊科学》2020,32(4):1088-1099

高山湖泊对于全球气候变化及人类影响是一个极为敏感的参照系统.九寨沟国家级自然保护区长海作为一个独特的高山湖泊,研究其浮游植物群落结构及其与环境的关系,评估其水质现状及影响因素,有着重要的意义.本文于2014年7月对长海浮游植物群落结构进行了研究.全湖共布设12个采样点,并在中心采样点进行了垂直分层采样.本次调查共发现浮游植物6门38属63种,平均丰度为6.98×10~5cells/L,平均生物量为0.31 mg/L.浮游植物的水平分布差异不大;在垂直分布上,浮游植物的丰度从表层0.5 m至水下50 m呈现先增加后减少的趋势,在20 m水深处达到最大.长海浮游植物的优势种是长海小环藻(Cyclotella changhai)和飞燕角甲藻(Ceratium hirundinella),长海小环藻数量较多,飞燕角甲藻生物量较大.长海浮游植物多样性指数较低,综合各类水质评价方法,可以得出九寨沟长海处于贫-中营养状态.  相似文献   

基于WebGIS的地震应急快速反应系统设计与实现     

余其鹏  汪波 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(4):239-250

根据镇江地震地质情况及防震减灾工作实际，通过需求分析及系统整体设计，建立基于WebGIS的地震信息数据库管理系统。系统采用Oracle数据库、JavaScript语言、Tomcat网站服务器，开发了具有地方特色的地震应急处置快速反应系统，系统可实现震后快速评估、辅助决策、震后趋势分析、震后应急资料产出等功能。实际应用表明，该系统达到了低成本、高效率的预期目标。  相似文献   

基于改进的向后-向前选择法粗差定位与估值算法     

柴双武  杨晓琴 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(5):538-543

对传统的向后-向前选择法粗差定位方法进行改进，即在原有基础上加入对平差模型的整体检验，计算统计量的相关系数，通过对偏相关系数的检验来定位统计量相关的粗差观测值。通过模拟粗差算例证明，该算法能够准确定位多维粗差，有效改善粗差定位转移的现象，且粗差估值结果比较可靠。  相似文献   

改进的层次分析法与模糊综合评价在评估水库诱发地震震级上限中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李龙师  金波  冯志仁 《世界地震工程》2020,(3):223-232

为了评估水库诱发地震震级上限，收集了150余例水库诱发地震的震例资料；利用改进的层次分析法优化了各评价指标的权重；应用模糊综合评价方法评估了水库诱发地震震级上限；结合二滩水电站水库诱发地震实例与目前评估水库诱发地震震级最常用的灰色聚类分析法的评价结果进行了对比分析。结果表明:层次分析法与模糊综合评价相结合的震级上限评估方法评价结果更加可靠，可对水库及水工建筑物的建设位置及抗震设防提供参考。  相似文献   

基于钻进状态监测的智能工况识别          下载免费PDF全文

范海鹏  吴敏  曹卫华  赖旭芝  陈略峰  陆承达 《探矿工程》2020,47(4):106-113

钻进过程状态监测旨在实时描述钻进工况，判断运行性能优劣程度进行非优追溯，及时指导司钻人员调整作业操作,保证钻进过程安全、高效、稳定开展。钻进工况是钻进系统运行状态的反映，因此开展面向状态监测技术的钻进工况识别研究具有重要的理论和应用价值。本文针对钻进工况识别问题，基于状态监测数据，建立基于支持向量机的钻进工况识别模型，对钻进工况进行识别。综合工况识别结果，对钻进效率进行评估，并对影响钻进效率的因素进行讨论，寻找提升钻进效率的手段。最后，采用钻进现场实钻数据进行仿真实验,验证所提方法的可行性和有效性。  相似文献   

A new method for establishing hydrologic fidelity of snow depth measurements based on snowmelt–runoff hydrographs     

Daeryong Park 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(3):369-385

For snowmelt-driven flood studies, snow water equivalent (SWE) is frequently estimated using snow depth data. Accurate measurements of snow depth are important in providing data for continuous hydrologic simulations of such watersheds. A new hydrologic fidelity metric is proposed in this study to evaluate the potential contribution of particular snow depth datasets to flow characteristics using observed data and hydrologic modeling using the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model. Data-based hydrologic fidelity of snow depth measurements is defined as a categorical skill score between the snow depth in the watershed and the hydrograph peak or volume at the watershed outlet. Similarly, model-based hydrologic fidelity is defined as a categorical skill score between the model-simulated snow depth and the model-simulated hydrograph peak or volume. The proposed framework is illustrated using the Pecatonica River watershed in the USA, indicating which sites have a higher hydrologic fidelity, which is preferred in hydrologic studies.  相似文献   

SIMULATION STUDY OF ROAD-CUT EFFECTS ON SLOPE STABILITY     

CHEN Xiao-li  WANG Ming-ming  ZHANG Ling 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1390-1401

Landslides and rock falls along the highway are common geological hazards in Southwest China. As an influencing factor on potential landslides behavior, roads or distance to roads have been successfully used in landslide susceptibility assessments in mountainous area. However, the relationship between the road-cut and the slope stability is not clear. Therefore, we performed two-dimensional slope stability calculation using the general limit equilibrium (GLE)method incorporated in the software SLOPE/W of GeoStudio for stability analysis of slopes. Our studies show that the man-made roads influence on the slope stability mainly exists in two ways:One is to create a new steep slope, which will result in rock falls and shallow landslides along the roads; the other is to influence the stability of the original slope, which will result in comparatively huge landslides. For the latter, our simulation study reveals that the road location, namely at which part of a natural slope to construct a road is important for the slope stability. For a natural slope with a potential slip surface, if a road is constructed at or near the slope toe where the potential slip surface surpasses, it will greatly degrade the slope's factor of safety (Fs) and make the slope unstable; however, if a rode-cut is near the top of the slope, it will increase the slope's Fs and make the slope more stable. The safety location is different for different slope angle, steeper slope needs a higher location for a safety road-cut in comparison with gentle slopes. Moreover, the slope stability decreases when loading a seismic force and it varies with the slope angle. Firstly, the Fs decreases when the slope angle increasing, and when the slope angle reaches 45°, the Fs then becomes greater with the slope angle increasing.  相似文献