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1.
Effects of the geometry of two‐dimensional fractures on their hydraulic aperture and on the validity of the local cubic law 下载免费PDF全文
Flow through rough fractures is investigated numerically in order to assess the validity of the local cubic law for different fracture geometries. Two‐dimensional channels with sinusoidal walls having different geometrical properties defined by the aperture, the amplitude, and the wavelength of the walls' corrugations, the corrugations asymmetry, and the phase shift between the two walls are considered to represent different fracture geometries. First, it is analytically shown that the hydraulic aperture clearly deviates from the mean aperture when the walls' roughness, the phase shift, and/or the asymmetry between the fracture walls are relatively high. The continuity and the Navier–Stokes equations are then solved by means of the finite element method and the numerical solutions compared to the theoretical predictions of the local cubic law. Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.066 to 66.66 are investigated so as to focus more particularly on the effect of flow inertial effects on the validity of the local cubic law. For low Reynolds number, typically less than 15, the local cubic law properly describes the fracture flow, especially when the fracture walls have small corrugation amplitudes. For Reynolds numbers higher than 15, the local cubic law is valid under the conditions that the fracture presents a low aspect ratio, small corrugation amplitudes, and a moderate phase lag between its walls. 相似文献
2.
Revisiting the existence of an effective stress for wet granular soils with micromechanics 下载免费PDF全文
A possible effective stress variable for wet granular materials is numerically investigated based on an adapted discrete element method (DEM) model for an ideal three‐phase system. The DEM simulations consider granular materials made of nearly monodisperse spherical particles, in the pendular regime with the pore fluid mixture consisting of distinct water menisci bridging particle pairs. The contact force‐related stress contribution to the total stresses is isolated and tested as the effective stress candidate for dense or loose systems. It is first recalled that this contact stress tensor is indeed an adequate effective stress that describes stress limit states of wet samples with the same Mohr‐Coulomb criterion associated with their dry counterparts. As for constitutive relationships, it is demonstrated that the contact stress tensor used in conjunction with dry constitutive relations does describe the strains of wet samples during an initial strain regime but not beyond. Outside this so‐called quasi‐static strain regime, whose extent is much greater for dense than loose materials, dramatic changes in the contact network prevent macroscale contact stress‐strain relationships to apply in the same manner to dry and unsaturated conditions. The presented numerical results also reveal unexpected constitutive bifurcations for the loose material, related to stick‐slip macrobehavior. 相似文献
3.
Jérôme Nomade Emmanuel Chapron Marc Desmet Jean-Louis Reyss Fabien Arnaud Vincent Lignier 《地学学报》2005,17(4):350-357
Sediment archives from a mountain lake are used as indicators of seismotectonic activity in the Grenoble area (French western Alps, 45°N). Sedimentological analysis (texture and grain-size characteristics) exhibits several layers resulting from instantaneous deposits in Lake Laffrey: six debris flow events up to 8 cm thick can be attributed to slope failure along the western flank of the basin. Dating with 210Pb and 137Cs gamma counting techniques and the reconnaissance of historical events, provide a constrained age-depth model. Over the last 250 years, five of such debris flow deposits could be related to historical earthquakes of MSK intensities greater than VI over an area of <60 km. One debris flow deposit triggered at the beginning of the last century can be related to an historical landslide possibly triggered by the artificial regulation of the lake level. 相似文献
4.
5.
Published in Astrofizika, Vol. 38, No. 4, pp. 677–680, October–December, 1995. 相似文献
6.
J'erôme P'etri 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2006,302(1-4):117-139
This is the second of a series of papers aimed to look for an explanation on the generation of high frequency quasi-periodic
oscillations (QPOs) in accretion disks around neutron star, black hole, and white dwarf binaries. The model is inspired by
the general idea of a resonance mechanism in the accretion disk oscillations as was already pointed out by Abramowicz and
Klu’zniak (2001). In a first paper (P'etri, 2005a, paper I), we showed that a rotating misaligned magnetic field of a neutron
star gives rise to some resonances close to the inner edge of the accretion disk. In this second paper, we suggest that this
process does also exist for an asymmetry in the gravitational potential of the compact object. We prove that the same physics
applies, at least in the linear stage of the response to the disturbance in the system. This kind of asymmetry is well suited
for neutron stars or white dwarfs possessing an inhomogeneous interior allowing for a deviation from a perfectly spherically
symmetric gravitational field. After a discussion on the magnitude of this deformation applied to neutron stars, we show by
a linear analysis that the disk initially in a cylindrically symmetric stationary state is subject to {three kinds of resonances:
a corotation resonance, a Lindblad resonance due to a driven force and a parametric resonance}. In a second part, we focus
on the linear response of a thin accretion disk in the 2D limit. {Waves are launched at the aforementioned resonance positions
and propagate in some permitted regions inside the disk, according to the dispersion relation obtained by a WKB analysis}.
In a last part, these results are confirmed and extended via non linear hydrodynamical numerical simulations performed with
a pseudo-spectral code solving Euler's equations in a 2D cylindrical coordinate frame. {We found that for a weak potential
perturbation, the Lindblad resonance is the only effective mechanism producing a significant density fluctuation}. In a last
step, we replaced the Newtonian potential by the so called logarithmically modified pseudo-Newtonian potential in order to
take into account some general-relativistic effects like the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). The latter potential
is better suited to describe the close vicinity of a neutron star or a black hole. However, from a qualitative point of view,
the resonance conditions remain the same. The highest kHz QPOs are then interpreted as the orbital frequency of the disk at
locations where the response to the resonances are maximal. It is also found that strong gravity is not required to excite
the resonances. 相似文献
7.
8.
Arnaud M. Aubourg E. Bareyre P. Br';ehin S. Caridroit R. de Kat J. Dispau G. Djidi K. Gros M. Lachièze-Rey M. Laigneau Y. Laurent B. Lesquoy E. Lavocat Ph. Magneville C. Mazeau B. Milsztajn A. Moscoso L. Pasquaud J. Paul B. Perrin P. Petibon J. Piret Y. Queinnec F. Rich J. Spiro M. de Trogoff J. Vigroux L. Zylberajch S. Ansari R. Cavalier F. Moniez M. Beaulieu J. P. Ferlet R. Grison Ph. Vidal-Madjar A. Adrianzyk G. Berger J. P. Burnage R. Delclite J. C. Kohler D. Magnan R. Richaud A. Guibert J. Moreau O. Tajahmady F. Baranne A. Maurice E. Prévôt L. Gry C. 《Experimental Astronomy》1994,4(3-4):265-278
A 20cm
2
CCD mosaic camera has been especially built to search for dark galactic halo objects by the gravitational microlensing effect. The sensitive area is made of 16 edge-buttable CCDs developped by Thomson-CTS, with 23×23 µm
2
pixels. The 35 kg camera housing and mechanical equipment is presented. The associated electronics and data acquisition system are described in a separate paper. The camera resides at the focal plane of a 40 cm, f/10, Ferson reflector. The instrument has been in operation since December 1991 at the La Silla Observatory (ESO). 相似文献
9.
Yannick Giraud-Héraud Jean Kaplan François De Volnay Martin Charling Tao Sylvaine Turck-Chièze 《Solar physics》1990,128(1):21-33
The Saclay solar evolution code is used to check the effect of WIMPs on solar evolution. In this paper we study the effects of various types of Cosmion-matter interactions, give constraints on the crosssections compatible with the measured neutrino rate of 2 SNU on chlorine, and relate these constraints to ongoing dark matter detection experiments.Unité associée au CNRS UA 280, F-75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.On leave from LPC, Collège de France. 相似文献
10.
Geneviève Bordeleau Richard Martel Dirk Schäfer Guy Ampleman Sonia Thiboutot 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):385-396
Numerical modelling was done at the Cold Lake Air Weapons Range, Canada, to test whether the dissolved RDX and nitrate detected
in groundwater come from the same sources, and to predict whether contamination poses a threat to the surface water receptors
near the site. Military live fire training activities may indeed pose a risk of contamination to groundwater resources, however
field investigations on military bases are quite recent, and little information is available on the long-term behaviour of
munition residues related contaminants. Very limited information was available about the contaminant source zones, which were
assigned based on our knowledge of current training activities. The RDX plume was well represented with the model, but the
heterogeneous distribution of nitrate concentrations was more difficult to reproduce. It was nonetheless determined that both
contaminants originate from the same areas. According to the model, both contaminants should reach the nearby river, but concentrations
in the river should remain very low if the source zone concentration does not change. Finally, the model allowed the recommendation
of a new location for the main bombing target, which would offer added protection to the river and the lake into which it
flows. 相似文献