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1.
以三江源东部河曲高寒草甸为研究对象,通过分析1991—2015年气温、降水、潜在蒸散、湿润指数和牧草产量变化特征,探讨了地区干湿状况对牧草产量的影响。研究表明：1991—2015年河曲高寒草甸潜在蒸散以3.5 mm·a-1的速率增加（P<0.01）,在年降水量按2.3 mm·a-1呈非显著性（P>0.05）增加的趋势下,地区干湿状况基本保持平稳（多年均值为0.52）,隶属于半湿润气候区。25年来牧草干重产量平均为303.7 g·m-2,并以3.0 g·m-2·a-1的速率下降。分析牧草产量与影响干湿状况的气候因素之间的相关性发现,气温对牧草产量影响不明显（P>0.05）,降水量表现为正相关关系（P>0.10）,说明该区域降水是牧草产量提高与否的主导因素;牧草产量与潜在蒸散表现为负相关关系（P>0.10）,与湿润指数表现为正相关关系（P>0.10）;在生长季时期,牧草产量与降水量、潜在蒸散和湿润指数的相关性关系达到了显著水平（P<0.10）,说明牧草产量在生长季对地区环境条件湿润与否较为敏感。 相似文献
2.
JIANG Chunming YU Guirui CAO Guangmin LI Yingnian ZHANG Shichun FANG Huajun 《大气科学进展》2010,27(6):1372-1379
CO2 efflux was estimated using different regression methods in static
chamber observation from an alpine meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.
The CO2 efflux showed a seasonal pattern, with the maximun flux
occurring in the middle of July. The temperature sensitivity of CO2
efflux (Q10> was 3.9, which was at the high end of the range of
global values. CO2 emissions calculated by linear and nonlinear
regression were significantly different (p<0.05). Compared with the linear
regression, CO2 emissions calculated by exponential regression and
quadratic regression were 12.7% and 11.2% larger, respectively.
However, there were no significant differences in temperature sensitivity
values estimated by the three methods. In the entire growing season, the
CO2 efflux estimated by linear regression may be underestimated by up
to 25% compared to the real CO2 efflux. Consequently, great caution
should be taken when using published flux data obtained by linear regression
of static chamber observations to estimate the regional CO2 flux in
alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. 相似文献
3.
西藏申扎和改则地区早石炭世地层及腕足类研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西藏申扎和改则地区早石炭世地层发育,腕足类及珊瑚类化石丰富。腕足类化石计有34属45种,共建立3个组合;申扎大塘阶下部巴日阿郎寨组Ovatia-Unispirifer组合;大塘阶上部永珠组Balakhonia-Productus组合;改则大塘阶上部Latiproductus-Striatifera组合。本文系统讨论了各腕足类组合的时代及与国内外同期地层的对比,将西藏境内早石炭世的沉积物及生物群划分为3个类型。根据生物群及沉积物在空间上的分布特点,笔者认为在早石炭世时,班公湖至怒江断裂南北生物群及沉积物具有明显的差异,即南部申扎和珠峰地区生物群及沉积物特征与冈瓦纳大陆相似,而北部改则地区与扬子地台的生物群及沉积物特征相同,其间可能有宽阔的海域隔离。 相似文献
4.
季节性放牧对黄河源区高寒草甸植被耗水量及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究季节性放牧对植被耗水量、水分利用效率的影响,是探索如何提高高寒草甸水源涵养能力的重要内容之一。以青藏高原三江源高寒草甸季节性放牧样地与自然放牧样地为研究对象,分析了季节性放牧和自然放牧条件下高寒草甸植被耗水量、水分盈亏量、水分利用效率（WUE）的动态变化及其与环境因素的关系。结果表明：在植被生长季（5-9月）,季节性放牧样地和自然放牧样地植被耗水量在5月开始增加, 7月达最高,分别为160.94 mm和145.96 mm,季节性放牧样地植被总耗水量（395.52 mm）比自然放牧样地（348.14 mm）高13.61%。生长季平均来看,季节性放牧样地和自然放牧样地5-9月水分正盈余,分别为13.58 mm和70.96 mm,但在植物生长旺季（8月）略有亏缺。季节性放牧样地和自然放牧样地植被耗水量均与降水量呈弱的正相关关系。季节性放牧样地植被地上净初级生产量（ANPP）、地下净初级生产量（BNPP）和总的净初级生产量（NPP）比自然放牧样地分别高32.54 g·m-2、5.96 g·m-2、38.50 g·m-2,季节性放牧样地ANPP的水分利用效率（WUE）比自然放牧样地高53.85%,而BNPP、NPP的WUE比自然放牧样地分别低13.06%和9.97%。这表明,季节性放牧可提高植被生产量和耗水量,但对高寒草甸WUE的影响因放牧方式不同导致地上、地下生物量分配格局不同而有所差异。 相似文献
5.
Han Zheng Guirui Yu Qiufeng Wang Xianjin Zhu Honglin He Yanfen Wang Junhui Zhang Yingnian Li Liang Zhao Fenghua Zhao Peili Shi Huimin Wang Junhua Yan Yiping Zhang 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(10):1391-1411
Understanding the spatial variation in annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) and its influencing factors is crucial for a better understanding of hydrological processes and water resources management. By synthesizing ecosystem-level observations of eddy-covariance flux sites in China (a total of 61 sites), we constructed the most complete AET dataset in China up to now. Based on this dataset, we quantified the statistic characteristics of AET and water budgets (defined as the ratio of AET to annual mean precipitation (MAP), AET/MAP) of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Results showed that AET differed significantly among both different vegetation types and climate types in China, with overall mean AET of 534.7±232.8 mm yr-1. AET/MAP also differed significantly among different climate types, but there were no distinct differences in AET/MAP values across vegetation types, with mean AET/MAP of 0.82±0.28 for non-irrigated ecosystems. We further investigated how the main climatic factors and vegetation attributes control the spatial variation in AET. Our findings revealed that the spatial variation of AET in China was closely correlated with the geographical patterns of climate and vegetation, in which the effects of total annual net radiation (R n), MAP and mean annual air temperature (MAT) were dominant. Thus, we proposed an empirical equation to describe the spatial patterns of AET in China, which could explain about 84% of the spatial variation in AET of terrestrial ecosystems in China. Based on the constructed dataset, we also evaluated the uncertainties of five published global evapotranspiration products in simulating site-specific AET in China. Results showed that large biases in site-specific AET values existed for all five global evapotranspiration products, which indicated that it is necessary to involve more observation data of China in their parameterization or validation, while our AET dataset would provide a data source for it. 相似文献
6.
Li Yingnian Sun Xiaomin Zhao Xinquan Zhao Liang Xu Shixiao Gu Song ZhangG Fawei Yu Guirui 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2006,49(2):174-185
The study by the eddy covariance technique in the alpine shrub meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 2003 and 2004 showed that the net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange (NEE) exhibited noticeable diurnal and annual variations, with more distinct daily changes during the warmer seasons. The CO2 emission of the shrub ecosystem culminated in April and September while the CO2 absorption capacity reached a maximum in July and August. The absorbed carbon dioxide during the two consecutive years was 231.4 and 274.8 g CO2·m−2 respectively, yielding an average of 253.1 gCO2·m−2 per year: that accounts for a large proportion of absorbed CO2 in the region. Obviously, the diurnal carbon flux was negatively related to temperature, radiation and other atmospheric factors. Still, minute discrepancies in kurtosis and duration of carbon emission/absorption were detected between 2003 and 2004. It was found that the CO2 flux in the daytime was similarly affected by photosynthetic photon flux density in both years. Temperature appears to be the most important determinant of CO2 flux: specifically, the high temperature during the plant growing season inhibits the carbon absorption capacity. One potential explanation is that soil respiration is enhanced under such condition. Analysis of biomass revealed that the annual net carbon fixed capacity of aboveground and belowground biomass was 544.0 in 2003 and 559.4 g C·m−2 in 2004, which coincided with the NEE absorption capacity (63.1 g C·m−2 in 2003 and 74.9 g C·m−2 in 2004) in the corresponding plant growing season.
相似文献7.
为明确高寒草地土壤理化特征及金属元素在有机畜牧生产中的作用,选取青藏高原中东部高山嵩草草甸、草甸化草原、温性草原三种草地类型为研究对象,分析土壤理化性质和重金属元素,并探讨其影响作用。结果表明：三种草地类型群落盖度由大到小依次是高山嵩草草甸（91%） > 草甸化草原（85%） > 温性草原（75%）,草甸化草原的物种数最多达25种,分别是高山嵩草草甸和温性草原的1.47倍和1.92倍。温性草原0~10 cm土层容重分别是高山嵩草草甸和草甸化草原的1.89倍和1.40倍,10~20 cm土层容重分别是高山嵩草草甸和草甸化草原的1.42倍和1.29倍。高山嵩草草甸土壤有机质、全氮含量最高,有机质含量分别是草甸化草原、温性草原的1.20倍和2.65倍,全氮含量分别是草甸化草原、温性草原的1.18倍和2.47倍。温性草原土壤pH值最高达8.46,分别是草甸化草原和高山嵩草草甸的1.04倍和1.10倍。总体来看,重金属元素含量在高山嵩草草甸最高,温性草原最低,草甸化草原居中。三种草地类型土壤7种重金属元素含量都在一级以内,其生态危害指数未出现强污染状况,适合构建示范区发展有机畜牧业。 相似文献
8.
Start of vegetation growing season on the Tibetan Plateau inferred from multiple methods based on GIMMS and SPOT NDVI data 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
Mingjun DING Lanhui LI Yili ZHANG Xiaomin SUN Linshan LIU Jungang GAO Zhaofeng WANG Yingnian LI 《地理学报(英文版)》2015,25(2):131-148
In this study, we have used four methods to investigate the start of the growing season (SGS) on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) from 1982 to 2012, using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data obtained from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMSS, 1982-2006) and SPOT VEGETATION (SPOT-VGT, 1999-2012). SGS values estimated using the four methods show similar spatial patterns along latitudinal or altitudinal gradients, but with significant variations in the SGS dates. The largest discrepancies are mainly found in the regions with the highest or the lowest vegetation coverage. Between 1982 and 1998, the SGS values derived from the four methods all display an advancing trend, however, according to the more recent SPOT VGT data (1999-2012), there is no continuously advancing trend of SGS on the TP. Analysis of the correlation between the SGS values derived from GIMMS and SPOT between 1999 and 2006 demonstrates consistency in the tendency with regard both to the data sources and to the four analysis methods used. Compared with other methods, the greatest consistency between the in situ data and the SGS values retrieved is obtained with Method 3 (Threshold of NDVI ratio). To avoid error, in a vast region with diverse vegetation types and physical environments, it is critical to know the seasonal change characteristics of the different vegetation types, particularly in areas with sparse grassland or evergreen forest. 相似文献
9.
放牧强度对高寒杂草类草甸群落结构及生物量的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
分析了不同放牧强度下青藏高原高寒杂草类草甸植物群落种类组成与结构、物种多样性、生物量的变化状况.结果表明:重牧(HG)条件下草层垂直分化不明显,仅1层结构,而轻牧(LG)和中牧(MG)与对照(CK)条件下禾草和矮嵩草能得到较好的生长,草场垂直结构分异为2层;不同放牧强度下莎草科、禾本科和杂类草的重要值变化趋势不尽相同,HG会导致种类组成的下降,CK和适度放牧下种类组成仍保持较高的水平;尽管短期过度放牧抑制了优良牧草的生长和发育,种类组成降低,但因放牧时间短,组成群落的主要优势种具有较强的耐牧性以及植物生态-生物学特性和遗传性,其群落结构是稳定的;植物地上生物量表现出MG >LG >CK >HG,即适度放牧可提高地上生物量;地下生物量在CK条件下最高,其次为MG、HG和LG,CK、MG与LG、HG有显著性差异.植物根冠比从大到小依次为HG、CK、MG、LG,HG的根冠比显著大于LG. 相似文献
10.
高寒草甸土壤有机碳储量及其垂直分布特征 总被引：24，自引：0，他引：24
青藏高原是全球变化的敏感区。高寒草甸草原是青藏高原上最主要的放牧利用草地资源之一。选择青藏高原东北隅海北站内具有代表性的高寒草甸土壤进行高分辨率采样,测定土壤根系和有机碳含量。研究得出,青藏高原高寒草甸土壤贮存有巨大的根系生物量 (23544.60 kg ha-1~27947 kg ha-1) 和土壤有机碳 (21.52 GtC);自然土壤表层 (0~10 cm) 储存了整个剖面土壤有机碳总量的30%左右。比较发现,高寒草甸土壤的有机碳平均贮存量 (23.17×104 kgCha-1) (0~60 cm) 较相应深度的热带森林土壤、灌丛土壤和草地土壤的有机碳贮存量高约1~5倍多。在全球碳预算研究中,青藏高原高寒草甸土壤有机碳库不可忽视。随着全球变暖,表层土壤有机碳分解释放的CO2将增加。为了减少高寒草甸生态系统的碳排放,应加强高寒草甸土壤地表覆被的保护,合理种植深根系植物。这对减缓全球大气CO2浓度升高的速率以及可持续开发高寒草甸的生态服务功能都具有重要意义。 相似文献