How soil texture,channel shape and cross-sectional area affect moisture dynamics and water loss in irrigation channels     

Zhifan Mu  Tianxiao Li  Dong Liu  Qiang Fu  Renjie Hou  Qinglin Li  Yi Ji  Song Cui  Mo Li 《水文研究》2021,35(4):e14155

To enhance the utilization efficiency of farmland irrigation water and reduce the leakage of water conveyance channels, the leakage process of channels was simulated dynamically. The simulated results were compared with data measured in laboratory experiments, and the performance of the model was evaluated. The results indicated that the simulated values of the model were consistent with the observation values, and the R² values varied between 0.91 and 0.99. In addition, based on the laboratory experiments, a water supply system (Mariotte bottles) and soil box were built using plexiglass. Three influencing factors, namely, the channel form, soil texture and channel cross-sectional area, were varied to observe and calculate the resulting cumulative infiltration amount, infiltration rate and wetting front migration distance. HYDRUS-3D software was used to solve the three-dimensional soil water movement equation under different initial conditions. The results demonstrated that the U-shaped channel was more effective than the trapezoidal channel in increasing the utilization efficiency of the water resources. A U-shaped channel with a small channel cross-sectional area should be adopted and the soil particle size should be prioritized in the construction of water conveyance channels for farmlands. The simulation results were in agreement with the observed results, which indicates that HYDRUS-3D is a reliable tool that can accurately simulate the soil moisture movement in water conveyance channels. The research results can provide a reference for the design and operation of farmland irrigation systems.  相似文献   

A 2D discrete heat transfer model considering the thermal resistance effect of fractures for simulating the thermal cracking of brittle materials     

Yan  Chengzeng  Jiao  Yu-Yong 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(5):1303-1319

Acta Geotechnica - A concise, two-dimensional discrete heat transfer model is presented, which considers the thermal resistance effects of cracks. The discrete heat transfer model discretizes the...  相似文献   

Orbital control on cyclical organic matter accumulation in Early Silurian Longmaxi Formation shales     

Siding Jin  Hucheng Deng  Xing Zhu  Yan Liu  Sibing Liu  Meiyan Fu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,(2):533-545

High resolution(939 samples)total organic carbon content(TOC)analyses were conducted on the Shuanghe Section of^152.6 m in the Changning area,Sichuan Basin.The sampling section was divided into two units considering the distinct-different deposit environment and sediments accumulation rate.The lower part(Unit 1)and the peer part(Unit 2)with high resolution sample spacing(0.08–0.4 m)enables the identification of the precession cycle in two sedimentary sequences with distinct different sedimentary accumulation rate.MTM Power spectral analyses on untuned TOC series reveals significant peaks exceeding above the 95%confidence level and shows that both Unit 1 and Unit 2 have recorded Milankovitch cycles of 405 kyr long eccentricity,short eccentricity,obliquity and precession.The floating astronomical time scale(ATS)was constructed on the Shuanghe Section in the Early Silurian(~439.673–444.681 Ma),and which was calibrated by 405 kyr long eccentricity cycles.The total duration of the Wufeng and Longmaxi shales is 5.01 Myr.The floating ATS used for estimating the duration of the graptolite zones and each stage in the study interval.Finally,we postulated two models that could verify the linkage between orbital cycle and organic accumulation.To make sure whether productivity or preservation is the main factor that under long eccentricity control,the phase correlation between the obtained filtered signal and the theoretical orbital solution should be made clear in the further research.  相似文献   

腾冲火山及周边地区双差层析成像          下载免费PDF全文

华雨淋  吕彦 《地球物理学报》2019,62(8):2982-2990

利用云南腾冲火山地区15个固定台站记录到的7923次地震的P波到时资料，采用双差层析成像方法，反演得到腾冲火山及周边地区地壳及上地幔顶部三维P波速度结构和地震重定位结果.研究发现，腾冲火山区域地壳内存在明显的地震波低速区，P波速度低于整个区域地壳速度平均值超过15%，上地幔顶部存在规模较大的低速异常区.推测腾冲火山地区存在较大规模的地幔热物质上涌以及向地壳的侵入，热物质在地壳内以岩浆囊形式存储，并且壳内岩浆囊之间可能存在岩浆通道.通过联合反演获得的地震重定位结果显示，丛集地震位置更加集中，其展布特征与断裂构造具有显著的对应关系，表明研究区域断裂构造比较活跃.获得的高分辨率三维P波层析成像结果，为进一步认识火山地区岩浆存储特征以及地震分布与区域构造之间的关系提供了新的地震学依据.  相似文献   

天津市公众地震科普认知与需求调查     

王萍  闫丽莉  庞群英  安纯毅 《震灾防御技术》2020,15(3):601-608

为真实了解天津市公众地震科普认知与需求情况，以天津市机关单位工作人员、企业员工、事业单位工作人员、大学生、中小学生、社区居民、农民、驻津部队、残障人士等特殊人群为研究对象，开展专项问卷调查与分析。调查结果显示，天津市公众地震科学知识与地震科普工作的认知度与需求度较高，但仍存在地震科学知识掌握不全面、地震科普产品吸引力不足、科普渠道相对单一等问题，地震科普工作在参与性、互动性与趣味性等方面仍有较大提升空间。基于此，提出提高地震科普工作针对性和有效性及地震科普服务个性化和精准化等建议。  相似文献   

Variation in the vertical zonality of erodibility and critical shear stress of rill erosion in China's Hengduan Mountains     

Zhengan Su  Donghong Xiong  Jianhui Zhang  Tao Zhou  Hongkun Yang  Yifan Dong  Haidong Fang  Liangtao Shi 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(1):88-97

Soil erodibility is an essential parameter used in soil erosion prediction. This study selected the Liangshan town watershed to quantify variation in the vertical zonality of rill erodibility (k_r) in China's ecologically fragile Hengduan Mountains. Soil types comprised of yellow–brown (soil A), purple (soil B), and dry-red (soil C) in a descending order of occurrence from the summit to the valley, which roughly corresponds to the vertical climate zone (i.e. cool-high mountain, warm-low mountain, and dry-hot valley sections) of the study area. With elevation, vertical soil zonality varied in both soil organic matter (SOM) content and soil particle-size fractions. A series of rill erosion-based scour experiments were conducted, using water discharge rates of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 mL min^-1. Additionally, detachment rates (Dr) were measured under three hydrological conditions (the drainage, saturation, and seepage treatments). Results show that both Dr and flow shear stress (Ʈ) values increased as discharge increased. As elevation increased, the k_r values decreased, while the vertical zonality of critical shear stress (Ʈ_c) values showed no obvious variation. The highest k_r values were observed during the seepage treatment, followed by the saturation treatment then drainage treatment, indicating that variation in vertical hydraulic gradients could significantly alter k_r values. This study also found that land-use types could also alter k_r and Ʈ_c values. Further research, however, is necessary to better quantify the effects of subsurface hydrological conditions and land-use types on k_r under different soil zonalities in China's Hengduan Mountains. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Temporal-Spatial Variation of Surface Suspended Matter and Controlling Factors in the Inner Shelf of the East China Sea in Winter     

MIN Jianxiong  LI Guangxue  DING Dong  QIAO Lulu  MA Yanyan  YANG Gang  ZHANG Yaqi  ZHANG Lei  LI Shuhao 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(1)

Based on the observed surface suspended matter in the East China Sea in February 2007 and June 2015, an empirical model was established using L1 b's band 4 data to retrieve surface suspended matter from the Moderate Resolution Imagine Spectroradiometer Terra imagery. The squared correlation coefficient is 0.8358, and the root mean square error is 0.4285 mg L-1. The model reflects the distribution characteristics of surface suspended matter in the inner shelf of the East China Sea. In this paper, the satellite images of the study area were retrieved in January from 2001 to 2015, and the monthly distribution of surface suspended matter were obtained. The inter-annual distribution of the study area is similar, and the concentration of surface suspended matter is higher near the shore than offshore. A large amount of surface suspended matter is transported southeast under the influence of Zhejiang and Fujian coastal current and Taiwan warm current. Only a small amount of surface suspension can reach the Kuroshio area. The surface suspended matter concentration changes obviously near the estuary because of the effect of differences in the flux of the Yangtze River. Meanwhile, winter monsoon, temperature front, El Ni?o events, and other factors affect the distribution of surface suspended matter in 100 m isobath to coastal water but minimally influence the distribution in 100 m isobath to deep sea.  相似文献   

套管锻铣开窗技术在土耳其贝帕扎里碱矿中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

林修阔  刘汪威  陈晓林  刘志强  隆东 《探矿工程》2020,47(8):50-56

土耳其贝帕扎里碱矿在矿区边缘的碱层出现埋深起伏大、厚度变化大、易尖灭、易涌水等情况，这些特殊的地质情况导致水溶开采钻井过程中同一组井的套管最终下入到了不同的层位，或是原先下入的矿层不稳定，易坍塌。为了解决以上问题而引入了套管锻铣开窗技术。该技术可以将老井眼中已被套管封闭的上部碱层暴露出来形成新的采矿通道，从而提高矿区采收率。先后在14口老井眼中完成了套管锻铣作业，均达到了预期效果。本文介绍了套管锻铣器的工作原理，并以H066井组为例，详细阐述了套管锻铣开窗工艺技术。工程实践表明，套管锻铣开窗技术对于换层开采、钻井处理事故、事故井恢复性生产等方面具有一定的效果，具有减少钻井工期、降低施工成本、延长老井使用寿命、提高矿藏产量等优点，有广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

Application of Avaatech X-ray fluorescence core-scanning in Sr/Ca analysis of speleothems     

Dong LI  Liangcheng TAN  Fei GUO  Yanjun CAI  Youbin SUN  Gang XUE  Xing CHENG  Hong YAN  Hai CHENG  R.Lawrence EDWARDS  Yongli GAO  Jessica KELLEY 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,(6)

Application of X-ray fluorescence core-scanning(XRF-CS) on both marine and lake sediments has achieved remarkable results. However, its application has not been widely extended to the research on speleothems. In this study, we measure the Sr abundance and the Sr/Ca ratios of three stalagmites(two aragonite stalagmites, one calcite stalagmite) using the state-of-the-art fourth-generation Avaatech high-resolution XRF core scanner. Through comparisons among different scan paths and among different scan resolutions, as well as comparisons with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES), Itrax XRF, and Artax XRF results, we confirm that the Avaatech XRF core scanner could precisely, quickly, and nondestructively analyze the high-resolution Sr abundance of speleothems. Furthermore, we combine the stalagmite δ~(18)O records to explore the paleoclimatic significance of the measured stalagmite Sr/Ca.  相似文献   

不同结构林带防风效能风洞模拟     

李晓烨  王克俭  谷建才  刘启国  崔严 《中国沙漠》2019,39(6):118-125

防风林带结构是影响防风效能的主要因素。建立不同宽度、不同株行距林带防风效能与林带后距离之间的统计模型，可以为防风林建设提供指导性意见。通过风洞实验，在11 m·s^-1风速下，对4种宽度、5种株行距林带的背风面0~10H（H为林带高度）的风速进行测定，采用曲线参数估计法、傅立叶模型、SSF模型（Sum of Sin Functions），构建了不同结构林带防风效能与林带后距离间的统计模型。结果表明：傅立叶模型拟合不同宽度林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优，可决系数（R²）均在98%以上；SSF模型拟合不同株行距林带的防风效能与林带后距离的关系效果最优（R²>0.98）。根据构建的统计模型，风速为11 m·s^-1左右时，林带宽度8 m（两行一带）的防风林的防风效能存在明显优势；5种株行距的林带中，株行距为8 m×8 m的防风林带本试验条件下防风效果最好。  相似文献