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1.
Pravin Kumar Sharma Nalin Kumar Johri Gagan Behari Raut G. Rangaswamy Brahma Kishore Pandey Anand Kumar Chaturvedi 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(3):281-289
Characterization of the Panandhro lignite deposits from western Indian state of Gujarat, based on the geochemical and palynological evidences, has been performed to assess the floral composition, maturity and hydrocarbon potential of the sequence. Elementally, the lignites consist of moderate carbon, low hydrogen and moderate sulfur contents. The samples are characterized by high TOC contents (lignite: av. 46.43 wt.%, resin: 62.47 wt.%). The average HI values for the lignite is 136 mg HC/g TOC, and that of the associated resin is 671 mg HC/g TOC. The highest Tmax is recoded in lignite (422°C) and lowest in the resin (39°C) samples. The FTIR spectrum of lignite is characterized by highly intense OH stretching peak ~3350 cm-1, aliphatic CHx stretching peaks between 3000-2800 cm-1, aromatic C=O stretching and an aromatic C=C stretching. The spectrum of resin shows strongest absorption due to aliphatic CHx stretching between 2940-2915 cm-1 and 2870-2850 cm-1, and deformation by the medium peak between 1450 and 1650 cm-1. The recovered palynofloral assemblage indicates the dominance of angiosperm pollen grains with maximum abundance of Arecaceae family, and subdominant pteridophytic spores. Marine influence is indicated by the presence of abundant dinoflagellate cysts. The occurrence of flora from a variety of ecological niches suggests a luxuriant diverse vegetation pattern existed in the vicinity of depositional site under humid tropical conditions. The overall characteristics of the lignite deposits point towards their ability to generate (upon maturation) hydrocarbons as they have types III–II admixed kerogen (organic matters). 相似文献
2.
S. S. R. M. D. H. R. Wijesekara Sonia S. Mayakaduwa A. R. Siriwardana Nalin de Silva B. F. A. Basnayake Ken Kawamoto Meththika Vithanage 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(5):1707-1719
This study focuses on the characterization of leachate generated from Gohagoda dumpsite in Kandy, Sri Lanka, assessment of its spatial and temporal variations, and identification of subsurface canals and perched water bodies in the wetland system affected by the leachate flow. Leachate samples were collected monthly throughout dry and rainy seasons from different points of the leachate drainage channel over a period of 1 year and they were tested for quality parameters: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved soils, alkalinity, hardness, total solids, volatile solids, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, phosphates, ammonium-nitrogen, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, total organic carbon and heavy metals. Sequential soil extraction procedures were performed for the characterization of leachate-affected local soil. A geophysical survey using direct current resistivity technique was conducted at locations downstream of the dumpsite. Leachate characteristics indicated that the leachate is in the methanogenic phase and the results strongly suggest that the leachate may be polluting the river where the leachate is discharged directly. Leachate exceeds the allowable limits of Sri Lankan wastewater discharge standards for many of the parameters. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed for most of organic and inorganic parameters among all sampling locations. Many parameters showed a negative correlation with pH. The affected soils showed high heavy metal concentrations. Resistivity study confirmed a confined leachate flow at the near surface with few subsurface canals. However, no separate subsurface plume movement was observed. The results of this research can effectively be used for the establishment of an efficient and effective treatment method for the Gohagoda landfill leachate. 相似文献
3.
We calculate the direction of the rotational angular momentum vector,M, of comet 19P/Borrelly based on rotational lightcurve data from 2000, groundbased imaging of the coma during the Deep Space
1encounter, and the basic near-nucleus coma morphology as revealed by the Deep Space 1 spacecraft. For the most likely direction,
we derivea family of solutions (with center at RA = 221°, Dec = -7°) if the direction of M is towards the sunward hemisphere during the Deep Space 1 encounter, whereas if the rotation is of opposite sense, the diametrically
opposite family of solutions (with center at RA = 41°, Dec = 7°) would result. We argue that the coma morphology in September
2001 is consistent with the nucleus being a principal axis rotator or one observationally indistinguishable from it. Therefore,
for all practical purposes, the direction of the rotational angular momentum vector coincides with the spin axis. We also
discuss why the determination of the spin axis direction based on observations from the last apparition is in disagreement
with the current result. 相似文献
4.
Nalin R. Mukherjee 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1976,15(3-4):403-413
Some of the bonded particles of lunar soil samples separated upon exposure to reactive gases such as oxygen, water vapor, their mixtures, acids and bases. The bondings between particles susceptible to gas-disruption seemed to be generally weak and appeared to have taken place via highly radiation-damaged layers at the particle surfaces. These amorphous layers with an average thickness of about 0.05µm were produced by the solar wind exposure of about 2000 years. Therefore, the solar wind was responsible for the formation of these weak bondings and also probably responsible for disruption of these bondings. Apollo 11 and 12 landed in the equatorial region and about 1500 km apart. Thus, the solar wind effects on materials at these sites should have been about the same and the proportion of bonded particles separated by reactive gas exposure should also have been about the same; but the number of separations observed was about 2.7 (average) times greater in the Apollo 11 soil sample than in the Apollo 12 soil sample. This finding suggests that the number of weakly bonded particles and probably the solar-wind damaged amorphous layer particles at these sites was about in the same proportion. It is, therefore, considered that materials from certain depth (practically not exposed to the solar wind) of another site were transported and mixed during recent years (considerably less than 2000 years) with the original materials of the Apollo 12 site. This is consistent with the conclusions made by other investigators. 相似文献
5.
N. P. Ratnayake K. B. A. Silva I. G. I. K. Kumara 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,69(8):2529-2540
The Kaluganga River Estuary is one of the main sources of construction sand in Sri Lanka. Salt water intrusion along this estuary due to extensive sand mining has increased over the years. Thus, the focus of the current research is to understand the relationship between river sand mining, salt water intrusion, and the resultant effects on construction sand. Two surveys were conducted along the Kaluganga Estuary along an 11 km stretch from the river mouth at predetermined intervals to measure depth water quality profiles, and to collect sediment samples. These surveys were carried out during maximum spring tide; first in a dry period and then in a wet period, to understand hydrographic effects on the quality of river sands. Sand samples were analysed for absolute chloride content and grain size distribution. Results showed significant salt water intrusion during the dry period, averaging 2,307 μS cm?1 in surface waters throughout the surveyed 11 km stretch along with 3,818 μS cm?1 (average) in bottom waters up to 5.6 km upstream from the river mouth causing above normal chloride content in the bottom sandy sediments. The high chloride content in bottom sands was recorded up to 5.5 km from the river mouth making them unsuitable for construction purposes. However, during wet period, salt water intrusion levels in the bottom waters were insignificant (average 61 μS cm?1) and the chloride content in bottom sediments was very low. This study highlighted the requirement for regulations on river estuary sandmining for construction purposes. 相似文献
6.
利用高频地震波检测混凝土构件完整性的方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大型混凝土构件（如高层建筑基础的地梁,桩承台等）在施工过程中可能造成局部松散,空洞,蜂窝或离析等质量问题。为检测混凝土构件的的完整性,采用地震勘探方法中的地震映象法（又称地震共偏移距法）。通过在模拟裂缝,空洞模型上的试验,获得了存在异常体时,地震映象时间剖面的波形特征;测得偏移距,点距等参数变化时,对地震映象时间剖面的影响。模型实验和实测工作证明;在合理选择震源各种测量参数条件下,高频地震映象方法可有效检测混凝土构件完整怀,实现对混凝土构件质量新的监测。 相似文献
7.
Nimila Dushyantha Nalin Ratnayake Hemalal Panagoda Chulantha Jayawardena Amila Sandaruwan Ratnayake 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(4):532-541
Global phosphorus scarcity will result in significant consequences for future food security with the depletion of current phosphate reserves.Therefore,exploration of new phosphorus sources is essential to address future phosphorus scarcity.The current study investigated the geochemical potential of lake sediment around the Eppawala Phosphate Deposit(EPD)in Sri Lanka to be used as a low-grade phosphorus source for agricultural purposes.Jaya-Ganga is a man-made water canal that drains through the EPD feeding three lakes,namely,upstream Ihalahalmilla Lake and Koon Lake,and downstream Kiralogama Lake with respect to the EPD.Three cores(cores A,B,and C)were collected from the above three lakes and major oxides and minerals distributions along the cores were analyzed.Notable high enrichment of phosphorus pentoxide(P2O5)content and high P2O5 solubility values were measured in the top 60 cm sediment layer in Core B and throughout the Core C compared to the Core A.This high enrichment of P2O5 content in the same sediment columns were confirmed by the comparison with the Upper Continental Crust(UCC)values and literature survey.According to the X-ray Diffraction(XRD)results,phosphate minerals,such as fluorapatite,crandallite,and millisite were abundantly found in the same sediment columns.Therefore,these phosphate minerals can be considered as pathfinding minerals for soluble phosphates in sediment cores.Thus,sediment with high P2O5 content and high solubility in downstream Kiralogama Lake showed the potential for application of these sediments as a direct phosphate source in agricultural purposes.Furthermore,the current study has introduced a new area of interest,i.e.,soil and sediments around major phosphate deposits,for the exploration of new phosphate sources to meet future phosphorus demand. 相似文献
8.
Ways to rationalize the different periods (e.g., 15.08 h, Luu and Jewitt, 1990, Icarus 86, 69-81; 11.01 h, Fernández et al., 2004, Icarus, in this issue; Lowry et al., 2003, Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXIV, Abstract 2056) seen in near aphelion R-band light curves of Comet 2P/Encke are explored. We show that the comet is usually active at aphelion and it's observed light curves contain signal from both the nucleus and an unresolved coma. The coma contribution to the observed brightness is generally found to dominate with the nucleus providing from 28 to 87% of the total brightness. The amplitude of the observed variations cannot be explained by the nucleus alone and are due to coma activity. We show that some seven periodicities exist in the observed light curves at various times and that this is likely the result of an active nucleus spinning in an excited spin state. The changing periodicities are probably due to changes in the relative strengths of the active areas. We work out possible excited states based on experience with model light curves and by using an analogy to light curve observations of Comet 1P/Halley for which the spin state has been separately determined from spacecraft observations. There is a possibility of a fully relaxed principal axis spin state (0.538 d−1; P=44.6 h) but, because it provides a poorer fit to the observed periodicities than the best fit excited state together with the absence of a peak near 1.08 d−1 (2fφ) in the frequency spectrum of the Fernández et al. (2000, Icarus 147, 145-160) thermal IR lightcurve, we consider it unlikely. Both SAM and LAM excited states are allowed by the underlying periodicities and additional information is needed to choose between these. Our choice of a low excitation SAM state, i.e., one in which the instantaneous spin axis nutates around the total angular momentum vector in a motion that is characterized by limited angular oscillations around the long axis, is based on Sekanina's (1988, Astron J. 95, 911-924, 1988, Astron. J. 96, 1455-1475) interpretation of the fan coma that this comet often displays. We argue that possible LAM states are excluded either because they are too difficult to excite or because they would be inconsistent with the formation of the observed fan morphology. Two possible SAM states emerge that provide good fits to the observed periodicities, one with a precessional frequency for the long axis about the total angular momentum vector of 1.614 d−1 (P?=14.9 h) and an oscillation frequency around the long axis of 0.539 d−1 (Pψ=44.5 h) and a second with a precessional frequency of 2.162 d−1 (P?=11.1 h) combined with an oscillation around the long axis of 0.502 d−1 (Pψ=47.8 h). While either solution is possible, the latter is, in a least squares sense, more likely to be the actual spin state. In both cases the direction of the total angular momentum vector (αM,δM[J2000]=198.6, −0.3 deg) is assumed to be defined by the evolving geometry and morphology of the coma (Sekanina, 1988, Astron J. 95, 911-924, 1988, Astron. J. 96, 1455-1475; Festou and Barale, 2000, Astron J. 119, 3119-3132). We discuss the possible locations of the primary active areas found by Sekanina (1988, Astron J. 95, 911-924, 1988, Astron. J. 96, 1455-1475) and, while they are at high cometographic latitudes, they do not have to be physically located close the region were the axis of maximum moment of inertia pierces the surface (i.e., at high cometocentric latitude). We offer a new interpretation of the 10.7 μm data by Fernández et al. (2000, Icarus 147, 145-160) which yields an axial ratio a/b=2.04. This, with the two SAM states that we have found, requires that b/c>1.18 or >1.09 implying a significant asymmetry in the shape of the elongated nucleus. For the observed fan morphology to be maintained, the true axial ratio b/c cannot be much larger than these limiting values otherwise the amplitude of the oscillation about the long axis becomes too large and the fan morphology would be destroyed. The precise phasing of the spin modes, i.e., the value of the Euler angles at a particular time, is not determinable from the current data set, but a set of well sampled thermal infrared observations of the nucleus covering many periods and a wide range of observing geometries could provide this information in the future as well as clearly distinguishing between the two excited spin states. 相似文献
9.
The final Deep Space 1 (DS1) mission target, comet 19P/Borrelly, was observedfrom July 28–August 1, 2000 at the CTIO-1.5 m
telescope in the R filter. Theobserved lightcurve has a large peak to peak variation between 0.84 mag and1.0 mag. A period
of 26.0 ± 1 hr (assuming a double-peaked lightcurve)was found using all five nights. This is in good agreement with the period
of25.02 ± 0.5 hr quoted by Lamy et al. (1998) using only 6 points ofHST data and is also consistent with HST data taken around
the DS1 encountertime by Weaver et al. (2002).Using the mean magnitude R = 20.8 mag and assuming a 4% albedo, we derivean
effective nuclear radius of 2.6 km. The large lightcurve amplitude translates toa long to intermediate axial ratio a/b ≥ 2.2,
in excellent agreement with theHST result of a/b ≥ 2.4 (Lamy et al., 1998) and with DS1 images (Soderblom et al., 2002). 相似文献
10.
Mueller Béatrice E.A. Samarasinha Nalin H. Belton Michael J.S. 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1997,77(3):181-188
Imaging of coma morphology of Comet Hale-Bopp from pre-perihelion through perihelion to post-perihelion is presented. Broad
band images from 1996 and late 1997 show nearly radial jets streaking out from the nucleus. During both 1996 and late 1997,
the brightest jets are approximately in a northern/northeastern direction. The slight curvature present in these radial jets
is consistent with radiation pressure effects. Narrow band images around perihelion show two distinctive pictures of the CN
and the continuum coma morphology. Spirals are clearly seen in the CN images but not in the continuum where structure is confined
to the sunward side. The CN structure is consistent with continuous outgassing of the source of CN from the nucleus during
both day and night.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献