The 2014 Earthquake Model of the Middle East: seismogenic sources     

Laurentiu Danciu  Karin Şeşetyan  Mine Demircioglu  Levent Gülen  Mehdi Zare  Roberto Basili  Ata Elias  Shota Adamia  Nino Tsereteli  Hilal Yalçın  Murat Utkucu  Muhammad Asif Khan  Mohammad Sayab  Khaled Hessami  Andrea N. Rovida  Massimiliano Stucchi  Jean-Pierre Burg  Arkady Karakhanian  Hektor Babayan  Mher Avanesyan  Tahir Mammadli  Mahmood Al-Qaryouti  Doğan Kalafat  Otar Varazanashvili  Mustafa Erdik  Domenico Giardini 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3465-3496

  相似文献   

Evolution of seismic hazard maps in Turkey     

S. Akkar  T. Azak  T. Çan  U. Çeken  M. B. Demircioğlu Tümsa  T. Y. Duman  M. Erdik  S. Ergintav  F. T. Kadirioğlu  D. Kalafat  Ö. Kale  R. F. Kartal  K. Kekovalı  T. Kılıç  S. Özalp  S. Altuncu Poyraz  K. Şeşetyan  S. Tekin  A. Yakut  M. T. Yılmaz  M. S. Yücemen  Ö. Zülfikar 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(8):3197-3228

A review on the historical evolution of seismic hazard maps in Turkey is followed by summarizing the important aspects of the updated national probabilistic seismic hazard maps. Comparisons with the predecessor probabilistic seismic hazard maps as well as the implications on the national design codes conclude the paper.  相似文献   

Digital mapping of coastal boulders – high-resolution data acquisition to infer past and recent transport dynamics     

Fabian Boesl  Max Engel  Rodrigo C. Eco  JaN B. Galang  Lia A. Gonzalo  Francesca Llanes  Eva Quix  Helmut Brückner 《Sedimentology》2020,67(3):1393-1410

Coastal boulder fields provide clues to long-term frequency-magnitude patterns of coastal flooding events and have the potential to play an important role in coastal hazard assessment. Mapping boulders in the field is time and labour-intensive, and work on intertidal reef platforms, as in the present study, is physically challenging. By addressing coastal scientists who are not specialists in remote sensing, this contribution reports on the possibilities and limitations of digital applications in boulder mapping in Eastern Samar, Philippines, where recent supertyphoons Haiyan and Hagupit induced high waves, coastal flooding and boulder transport. It is demonstrated how satellite imagery of sub-metre resolution (from Pléiades and WorldView-3 imagery) enables efficient analysis of transport vectors and distances of larger boulders, reflecting variation in latitudes of both typhoon tracks and approaching angles of typhoon-generated waves. During the investigated events, boulders with a-axes of up to 8 m were clearly identified to have been shifted for up to 32 m, mostly along the seaward margin of the boulder field. It is, however, hard to keep track of smaller boulders, and the length of a-axes and b-axes including their orientation is often impossible to map with sufficient accuracy. Orthophotographs and digital surface models created through the application of an unmanned aerial vehicle and the ‘Structure from Motion’ technique provide ultra-high-resolution data, and have the potential to not only improve the results of satellite image analysis, but also those from field mapping and may significantly reduce overall time in the field. Orthophotographs permit unequivocal mapping of a-axes and b-axes including their orientation, while precise values for c-axes can be derived from the respective digital surface models. Volume of boulders is best inferred from boulder-specific Structure from Motion-based three-dimensional models. Battery power, flight speed and altitude determine the limits of the area covered, while patches shielded by the boulders are difficult to resolve. For some tasks, field mapping remains mandatory and cannot be replaced by currently available remote sensing tools: for example, sampling for rock type, density and age dating, recording of lithological separation of boulders from the underlying geological unit and of geomorphic features on a millimetre to decimetre-scale, or documentation of fine-grained sediment transport in between the boulders in supratidal settings. In terms of future events, the digital products presented here will provide a valuable reference to track boulder transport on a centimetre to decimetre-scale and to better understand the hydrodynamics of extreme-wave events on a fringing reef coastline.  相似文献   

Research note: deblended-data reconstruction using generalized blending and deblending models     

Tomohide Ishiyama  Mohammed Y. Ali  Satoshi Ishikawa  Gerrit Blacquiere  Shotaro Nakayama 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1852-1866

We introduce a concept of generalized blending and deblending, develop its models and accordingly establish a method of deblended-data reconstruction using these models. The generalized models can handle real situations by including random encoding into the generalized operators both in the space and time domain, and both at the source and receiver side. We consider an iterative optimization scheme using a closed-loop approach with the generalized blending and deblending models, in which the former works for the forward modelling and the latter for the inverse modelling in the closed loop. We applied our method to existing real data acquired in Abu Dhabi. The results show that our method succeeded to fully reconstruct deblended data even from the fully generalized, thus quite complicated blended data. We discuss the complexity of blending properties on the deblending performance. In addition, we discuss the applicability to time-lapse seismic monitoring as it ensures high repeatability of the surveys. Conclusively, we should acquire blended data and reconstruct deblended data without serious problems but with the benefit of blended acquisition.  相似文献   

An integrated approach to assess the ecological and chemical status of lakes with HOD/AHOD: a case study of two lakes     

Serdar G?NCü  Erdem ALBEK 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):146-159

The thermal strati?cation of the lakes impedes the transfer of atmospheric oxygen into the lower layers of the lake. In lakes which are af fected by diverse anthropogenic in?uences, the increasing organic matter amounts lead to a sharp decrease in hypolimnetic oxygen amounts, aided by thermal strati?cation,and anaerobic conditions arise. The determination of hypolimnetic oxygen demand(HOD) and areal hypolimnetic oxygen demand(AHOD) and their monitoring represent an integrated approach to investigate the oxygenation of lakes, the nutrient conditions, and the physicochemical dynamics. In this study, two lakes dif fering by size and af fected by dif ferent anthropogenic sources, are investigated in this respect. At?rst, bathymetric studies were conducted to determine the depth, surface area, and volume relationships.Then, based on monitoring studies conducted in 2013 and 2014, the thermal strati?cation dynamics and layer properties were established using the relative thermal resistance to mixing(RTRM) index based on temperature and density pro?les. Following this, the oxygen depletion rates were determined by oxygen and temperature pro?ling in the hypolimnion. For the years of 2013 and 2014, the AHOD values for the Borabey Pond which is far from anthropogenic in?uences, were found to be 0.848 and 0.569 g O 2/(m·d), respectively.The AHOD values for the Porsuk Reservoir which was overburdened for years by industrial and domestic pollution were found to be 4.263 and 5.099 g O 2/(m·d), larger than its counterpart by almost sevenfold. The HOD and AHOD monitoring can be considered to a valuable tool for assessing the ecological and chemical status of lakes within Annex 5 of the Water Framework Directive and as an integrated approach to assess and monitor the status of lakes.  相似文献   

Winter North Atlantic Oscillations Driven by Variations in Total Solar Irradiance     

Gorshkov  V.  Chapanov  Y. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2020,60(8):1152-1158

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The solar influence on long-term climatic processes of Earth has been studied with the use of long-term series of historical reconstructions of Total Solar Irradiation...  相似文献   

Estimating the Probable Maximum Precipitation by Physical Methods Using Satellite and Radiolocation Observation Data: Case Study of the Middle Urals     

Klimenko  D. Y. 《Water Resources》2020,47(4):641-650

Water Resources - The study considers the methods for evaluating the maximal possible daily storm rainfall (MPR) in the Middle Ural based on a combination of ground, aerological, satellite, and...  相似文献   

地震站网全流程一体化监控平台建设进展     

王坦  师宏波  韩宇飞  代光辉  黄经国  刘艳琼  杨陈  祝杰  姬运达 《地震地磁观测与研究》2020,41(4):270-274

  相似文献   

Water in garnet of garnetite (metarodingite) and eclogite from the Erzgebirge and the Lepontine Alps     

Esther Schmädicke  Jürgen Gose 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(9):905-933

Little is known about water in nominally anhydrous minerals of orogenic garnet peridotite and enclosed metabasic rocks. This study is focused on peridotite-hosted eclogite and garnetite (metarodingite) from the Erzgebirge (EG), Germany, and the Lepontine Alps (LA), Switzerland. Newly discovered, peridotite-hosted eclogite in the Erzgebirge occurs in the same ultra-high pressure (UHP) unit as gneiss-hosted coesite eclogite, from which it is petrologically indistinguishable. Garnet is present in all mafic and ultramafic high pressure (HP) rocks providing for an ideal proxy to compare the H₂O content of the different rock types. Garnet composition is very similar in EG and LA samples and depends on the rock type. Garnet from garnetite, compared to eclogite, contains more CaO (garnetite: 10.5–16.5 wt%; eclogite: 5–11 wt%) and is also characterized by an anomalous REE distribution. In contrast, the infrared (IR) spectra of garnet from both rock types reveal the same OH absorption bands that are also identical to those of previously studied peridotitic garnet from the same locations. Two groups of IR bands, SW I (3,650 ± 10 cm⁻¹) and SW II (3,570–3,630 cm⁻¹) are ascribed to structural hydroxyl (colloquially ‘water’). A third, broad band is present in about half of the analysed garnet domains and related to molecular water (MW) in submicroscopic fluid inclusions. The primary content of structural H₂O, preserved in garnet domains without fluid inclusions (and MW bands), varies systematically—depending on both the location and the rock type. Garnet from EG rocks contains more water compared to LA samples, and garnet from garnetite (EG: 121–241 wt.ppm H₂O; LA: 23–46 wt.ppm) hosts more water than eclogitic garnet (EG: 84 wt.ppm; LA: 4–11 wt.ppm). Higher contents of structural water (SW) are observed in domains with molecular water, in which the SW II band (being not restricted to HP conditions) is simultaneously enhanced. This implies that fluid influx during decompression not only led to fluid inclusions but also favoured the uptake of secondary SW. The results signify that garnet from all EG and LA samples was originally H₂O-undersaturated. Combining the data from eclogite, garnetite and previously studied peridotite, H₂O and CaO are positively correlated, pointing to the same degree of H₂O-undersaturation at peak metamorphism in all rock types. This ubiquitous water-deficiency cannot be reconciled with the derivation of any of these rocks from the lowermost part of the mantle wedge that was in contact with the subducting plate. This agrees with the previously inferred abyssal origin for part of the rocks from the LA (Cima di Gagnone). A similar origin has to be invoked for the Erzgebirge UHP unit. We suggest that all mafic and ultramafic rocks of this unit not only shared the same metamorphic evolution but also a common protolith origin, most probably on the ocean floor. This inference is supported by the presence of peridotite-hosted garnetite, representing metamorphosed rodingite.  相似文献   

Isotope Characteristics of Carbonates from Rocks of Greenstone Belts as an Indicator of a Possible Source of Fluids in Precambrian Granulite Complexes: An Example from the Giyani Greenstone Belt and the Limpopo Granulite Complex,South Africa     

Mityaev  A. S.  Safonov  O. G.  Reutsky  V. N.  Izokh  O. P.  Varlamov  D. A.  Kozlovskii  V. M.  van Reenen  D. D.  Aranovich  L. Y. 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2020,492(1):342-345

Doklady Earth Sciences - Data on the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of carbonates from the rocks of the Giyani greenstone belt, Kaapvaal craton, South Africa are presented. This belt is...  相似文献