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PAOLO GIACCARIA 《Geographical review》2012,102(3):293-315
The existing postcolonial literature privileges the British and French imperial/colonial history that mirrors the ongoing debate on the relationship among cosmopolitanism, universalism, and imperialism. These debates take for granted the Kantian and Hegelian hierarchy of European civilizations, hence marginalizing the southern shores of Europe and the broader Mediterranean space. Drawing on Mignolo's notion of “border thinking” and on Isin's account of the city as a “difference machine,” I address the issue of how imperialism, colonialism, and cosmopolitanism come together and relate to each other in the context of the Mediterranean (allegedly) cosmopolitan cities. In particular, cosmopolitanism is read as the outcome of the reciprocal adjustment of interior and exterior borders in the making of modernity/coloniality in the Mediterranean. Focusing on the Ottoman millet system, my main claim in this article is that cosmopolitanism worked as a peculiar dispositif within the urban difference machine, enabling the city to sustain the tension between different accounts of citizenship. 相似文献
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Exploring the potential of tree-ring chronologies from the Trafoi Valley (Central Italian Alps) to reconstruct glacier mass balance 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
GIOVANNI LEONELLI MANUELA PELFINI PAOLO CHERUBINI 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2008,37(1):169-178
Two tree-ring chronologies of stone pine ( Pinus cembra L.) and two of Norway spruce ( Picea abies Karst.) were constructed on the basis of data from three high-altitude sites in the Trafoi Valley (Central Alps, Italy) to test tree species sensitivity to climate at different sites and to explore the potential of the two species for reconstructing the mass balance of two glaciers in the same region (the Careser and Hintereis glaciers). Influence of climate on tree-ring growth and on glacier mass variations was tested by means of Pearson's correlation and response functions. At highest altitude sites, both species appeared to be sensitive to July temperatures, while stone pine also showed higher sensitivity than Norway spruce to previous winter precipitation. Comparing the dendrochronological and glaciological series, stone pine showed higher negative correlations with glacier mass balance series than Norway spruce. These different relationships reflect different species responses to climate, and stone pine is potentially useful in reconstructing past glacier mass balance in the Central Alps. Extreme climatic events induce different and even contrasting responses of tree-ring growth and glacier mass variations and may therefore bias tree-ring-based glacier mass balance reconstructions. 相似文献
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Abstract Using a detailed petrographical procedure conceived for arenites rich in carbonate clasts, the influence of tectonism and eustacy on silicate/carbonate cycles of the Eocene Hecho Turbidite Complex has been tested, and the palaeogeography of the source/basin system outlined.
Both extrabasinal and intrabasinal sources of sediments were active during basin filling. The extrabasinal source terrains, located in the southern sector of the basin, were made of the Pyrenean crystalline basement (granites, gneisses and phyllites) overlain mainly by carbonate rocks (Cretaceous limestones and dolostones, minor chert and siltstones). The intrabasinal sources, represented by foramol shelf carbonate factories, provided penecontemporaneous carbonate bioclasts, intraclasts and peloidal grains.
Foreland thrusting in the South-Central Pyrenees has acted as the major control on the composition and architecture of the Hecho Turbidite Complex. Strong uplift of old silicate and carbonate source terrains during southward thrust propagation was responsible for erosion, swamping and/or reduction of shelfal areas, and gave rise to siliciclastic and carbonate basinal sequences (silicate arenites and calclithites) during lowstand stages. Conversely, hybrid arenites (mixture of extrabasinal and intrabasinal grains) originated from resedimentation of marginal shelf sediments produced in carbonate factories active during the initial phase of sea-level rise. Hybrid arenites with minor intrabasinal content also formed during one stage of relative sea-level fall from the erosion of previously accumulated highstand complexes.
During resedimentation processes, hybrid sands underwent marked hydraulic selection documented by deposits depleted in carbonate grains in the channel area, and by thin-bedded turbidites rich in platy-skeletal fragments, low-density peloids and void-rich bioclasts down-basin. 相似文献
Both extrabasinal and intrabasinal sources of sediments were active during basin filling. The extrabasinal source terrains, located in the southern sector of the basin, were made of the Pyrenean crystalline basement (granites, gneisses and phyllites) overlain mainly by carbonate rocks (Cretaceous limestones and dolostones, minor chert and siltstones). The intrabasinal sources, represented by foramol shelf carbonate factories, provided penecontemporaneous carbonate bioclasts, intraclasts and peloidal grains.
Foreland thrusting in the South-Central Pyrenees has acted as the major control on the composition and architecture of the Hecho Turbidite Complex. Strong uplift of old silicate and carbonate source terrains during southward thrust propagation was responsible for erosion, swamping and/or reduction of shelfal areas, and gave rise to siliciclastic and carbonate basinal sequences (silicate arenites and calclithites) during lowstand stages. Conversely, hybrid arenites (mixture of extrabasinal and intrabasinal grains) originated from resedimentation of marginal shelf sediments produced in carbonate factories active during the initial phase of sea-level rise. Hybrid arenites with minor intrabasinal content also formed during one stage of relative sea-level fall from the erosion of previously accumulated highstand complexes.
During resedimentation processes, hybrid sands underwent marked hydraulic selection documented by deposits depleted in carbonate grains in the channel area, and by thin-bedded turbidites rich in platy-skeletal fragments, low-density peloids and void-rich bioclasts down-basin. 相似文献
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The Meteora conglomerate is a thick, coarse-grained unit of Oligo-Miocene age in the Meso-Hellenic basin consisting of Gilbert-type delta deposits (wedge-shaped bodies) and deep channel fills. Gilbert-type deltas prograded from the eastern margin basinward, perpendicular to the NW-SE basin axis. Delta bodies are thicker in the distal portion, where the dip of the foresets is lower than in the proximal area. Organized and disorganized conglomerates coexist, suggesting a mixture of mass- and turbulent-flow processes. The mass flow deposits seem to prevail in the uppermost part of the foresets. Channels (up to 25 m deep) are cut into the Gilbert-type delta deposits, and have axes perpendicular to the progradational trend of the deltas. Giant bars displaying accretion of the downstream side formed inside the channels. The channels were probably cut into Gilbert-delta deposits due to uplift of the source area or to a fall in sea-level. Although large cross-sets of both Gilbert delta and channels have been formed by progradation, they can be distinguished by: (i) angle of foreset bed dips, (ii) facies and textures and (iii) vertical sequences. Differences in these features aid in distinguishing Gilbert-type deltas from in-channel bars. 相似文献
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The Messinian Vena del Gesso Basin in the Northern Apennines is filled by very thick (up to 35 m) beds of coarse crystalline gypsum (selenite) associated with thinner carbonate and shaly (euxinic) intercalations. The conventional Usiglio model of salt fractionation does not apply to this evaporitic sequence for the following reasons: carbonate which underlies gypsum is not evaporitic but algal in origin; most gypsum did not precipitate from surface brines but at and below a sediment-water interface occupied by algal mats; a significant portion (10–80%) of gypsum beds is composed of redeposited selenite which was removed from the margins and transported toward the centre of the basin by slope-controlled currents and gravity flows (debris flows). We call this process cannibalistic because of its intraformational character (connected with evaporative fall of water level) and volumetric importance. A recurrent vertical pattern of six main facies (euxinic to gypsum fanglo-merates) is interpreted as a bathymetric, regressive cycle controlled by both sedi-mentological and tectonic-eustatic factors. The inferred environmental setting is a residual turbidite trough (Marnoso-arenacea) evolving abruptly toward lagoonal conditions and filled up to sea level by evaporitic and mechanical (mostly fluvial) processes. Repeated inundations of restricted-marine water started the depositional cycle thirteen or fourteen times. 相似文献
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JONATHAN KÖHLER TERRY BARKER HAORAN PAN PAOLO AGNOLUCCI PAUL EKINS TIM FOXON 《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):156-161
The direction of UK energy policy requires a renewed impetus if the goal of climate change stabilization is to be met. Cost is not the main issue: a transformation to a low-carbon energy system may be no more expensive than meeting future energy demands with fossil fuels. Institutional barriers are preventing the large-scale adoption of the necessary technologies. New institutions to promote low-carbon technologies have not yet led to investment on the necessary scale. Further changes to the operation of the UK electricity markets to create a ‘level playing field’ for small-scale and intermittent generation are necessary. UK policy can contribute to international agreements following on from the Kyoto Accord, which also need to address the institutional barriers to energy technology development and transfer. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The paper deals with the estimation of the probability distribution of the yearly maximum of the peak discharge Q by means of the distribution of the maximum of the daily discharge q and the distribution of the ratio R = Q/q. The study was carried out for some catchments in Tuscany, analysing the dependence of the parameters of R on the geomorphic catchment parameters. The values of the discharge Q, relevant to an assigned return period, obtained by the methods given herein agree rather well (the error is about 20%) with those directly obtained from the observed values of Q. 相似文献
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Abstract The use of the bootstrap technique to estimate the reference level of137 Cs in an uneroded site is tested. The analysis is developed using 137Cs measurements made in a small experimental Sicilian basin. In the reference area the 137Cs activity is normally distributed with a known sample mean value, m equal to 94.4 mBq cm?2. The influence of137 Cs reference site sampling was determined generating samples having a fixed size, N and six different values of the sample coefficient of variation, CV, by a Monte Carlo technique. Then, for each size N, the probability distribution of the mean μ of the sequences generated by Monte Carlo technique is defined. The soil redistribution is determined, both at morphological unit and basin scale, using the proportional method of Martz & de Jong for calculating the net soil loss. The analysis showed that the spatial distribution of the net soil loss E i, and the basin value E b are independent of the sample size, N, and the coefficient of variation, CV, of the samples drawn from the reference area, if the bootstrap technique is applied for estimating the mean μ(μ) to use as reference value. The soil redistribution is also examined using as reference value the quantiles μ2.5, μ25, μ75, μ97.5 corresponding to a frequency F(μ) equal to 2.5, 25, 75 and 97.5%, respectively. In conclusion, the analysis established that a robust estimate of the reference value can be obtained even in fields where a small number of samples was drawn (high CV of the 137Cs activity of the field samples), using the bootstrap technique for generating sequences of reference values having known mean value m (the mean value of the 137Cs activity of the drawn field samples) and large sample size (N = 50). 相似文献