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海洋生态损失补偿指用海者履行海洋生态环境资源有偿使用责任,对因开发利用海洋造成的海洋生物资源价值和生态系统服务价值损失进行的资金补偿。文章介绍了海洋生态补偿制度的建立过程,梳理了山东省海洋生态补偿新旧标准的演变过程,对山东省海洋生态补偿标准的实施进行了探讨,并分析了山东省海洋生态补偿资金征收的经济效率。结果表明,按照旧标准,只考虑对海洋生物资源损失的补偿,每公顷用海所缴纳的生态补偿资金为8.143 3万元;按照新标准,考虑对经济生物资源和生态系统服务损失的补偿,每公顷用海应缴纳的生态补偿资金为12.043 9万元,比旧标准提高了48%。补偿标准提高,虽然增加了企业的用海成本,但还只是补偿了企业用海所造成生态损失的1/4左右,还有3/4的生态损失没有要求企业补偿,需要国家财政增加生态修复投入。山东用海生态损失补偿政策的实施,很好地发挥了环境经济政策的效果;企业主动缩减围填海等用海面积,采用环境友好的用海方式,既节约了企业用海成本,又减轻了对海洋生态环境的损耗。在全国推广山东的开发用海生态补偿制度和标准,可以有效地引导企业理性用海、集约高效用海,助力海洋产业绿色转型,体现生态文明入宪的重大意义。 相似文献
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电位溶出分析（ＰＳＡ）是７０年代发展起来的一种新颖的分析方法。该方法一问世便在测定海水中痕量元素方面表现出很大优越性。微分电位溶出分析（ＤＰＳＡ）较单纯的电位溶出分析其灵敏度和分析速度得到进一步提高，已应用于海水中痕量金属元素的常规测定。但对于测定生物样品中的痕量元素，方法目前报道不多。 本文采用国产微机化电位溶出仪介绍了动态富集──静态微分溶出分析方法，对摄食了Ｃｄ污染的配合饵料的鲈鱼体内所积累的Ｃｄ进行了测定。该法灵敏度高，操作简便、快速，数据准确可靠，结果令人满意。１材料与方法１．１主要试… 相似文献
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粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)发酵培养基优化的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用单因素试验和正交试验,对从山东东营海岸湿地盐碱滩地土壤中筛选出的一株海洋菌种———粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)的发酵培养基进行优化,并进行100 L发酵罐中试放大试验的研究。确定粘质沙雷氏菌的最佳培养基配方为葡萄糖10 g/L,硫酸铵5 g/L,麸皮50 g/L,柠檬酸三钠1.0 g/L,K2HPO4.3H2O 0.3 g/L,FeSO4.7H2O 0.05 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.5 g/L,pH 7.2~7.7。发酵最适温度为30℃。通过测定粘质沙雷氏菌在发酵罐中培养的生长曲线,确定发酵时间以28~30 h为宜,发酵结束后发酵液中的活菌数约为50×108个/mL。将所筛选到的粘质沙雷氏菌应用于农作物的病害防治,效果非常显著,表明是一株高活性的生物防治拮抗菌。此研究结果为高效率、低成本和工业化生产具有生物防治作用的海洋菌种制剂提供了科学依据,也为海岸湿地盐碱土的可持续开发利用提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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一种新型复合生物制品对大菱鲆生长性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将利用自主技术研发的一种新型复合生物制品作为添加剂添加到大菱鲆的基础饲料中,探讨其对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximusL.)生长性能的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加不同质量分数的复合生物制品,包括不添加(A组)、1.0%(B组)、2.5%(C组)、5.0%(D组)进行饲喂试验,分别从每组随机抽取鱼体,测定其生长指标和鱼体生化组成。研究发现,B组、C组和D组的试验鱼的成活率、增重率、特定生长率、体长和全长增长率、饲料利用率和肥满度等指标均不同程度地优于A组的;另外,与A组比较,B组、C组和D组鱼体的水分、粗蛋白质量分数有所提高,而粗脂肪、灰分含量小幅下降。结果表明,在大菱鲆生长的配合饲料中,复合生物制品各有效成分组合添加后优势互补,表现出优良的促生长和提高饲料利用率作用,还能够在一定程度上改善鱼体的营养成分和增强肌肉品质,适宜添加量为2.5%。 相似文献
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Immunostimulants may improve disease resistance of aquaculture animals by promoting the nonspecific immunity response of the
organisms. Five types of saccharides, including chitosan, yeast polysaccharide, burdock oligosaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide
and lentinus edodes polysaccharide, were screened for potential use as immunostimulants by using spectrophotometry. The saccharides
were injected into Apostichopus japonicus, a sea cucumber, and the lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the coelomic fluid and epidermal slime were
monitored in six consecutive days. The results show that the lysozyme activity of the animal’s coelomic fluid was significantly
stimulated on day 2, day 4 and day 6 after the injection of the saccharides (P<0.05). The effects of chitosan and yeast polysaccharide were the most notable. The lysozyme activity of the epidermal slime
was significantly increased by chitosana, yeast polysaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide, and burdock oligosaccharide on day
1 and day 2 after the injection (P<0.05). The SOD activity of the coelomic fluid was significantly promoted by the saccharides on day 2 and day 4 post-injection
(P<0.05), while the SOD activity of the epidermal slime increased on day 2. These findings indicate that chitosan and yeast
polysaccharide are the most effective immunostimulants and potential healthy anti-disease feedstuff for A. japonicus.
Supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program, No. 2006BAD09A06) and the Special
Fund of Chinese Central Government for Basic Scientific Research Operations in Commonweal Research Institutes (No. 02-2007B03) 相似文献
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牛蒡寡糖对大菱鲆生长和免疫机能的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
将自主研发的牛蒡寡糖作为添加剂添加到大菱鲆的基础饲料中,探讨其对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maxi-mus)的生长和免疫机能的影响。经过60 d不同剂量(1.0%,2.0%,4.0%,6.0%)的饲喂试验,分别从每组随机抽取鱼体,测定其生长指标和血清中ACP,AKP,LSZ,SOD和PO等多种免疫相关酶的活力以及血液中白细胞的吞噬活性。结果表明,牛蒡寡糖作为一种非特异性免疫调节剂对大菱鲆表现出优良的促生长作用,还能显著提高大菱鲆的免疫相关酶活力和白细胞的吞噬活性,从而提高大菱鲆的非特异性免疫力,其适宜添加量为4.0%。牛蒡寡糖可以开发成为水产动物的促生长剂和免疫增强剂。 相似文献
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Immunostimulants may improve disease resistance of aquaculture animals by promoting the nonspecific immunity response of the organisms. Five types of saccharides, including chitosan, yeast polysaccharide, burdock oligosaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide and lentinus edodes polysaccharide, were screened for potential use as immunostimulants by using spectrophotometry. The saccharides were injected into Apostichopus japonicus, a sea cucumber, and the lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of the coelomic fluid and epidermal slime were monitored in six consecutive days. The results show that the lysozyme activity of the animal's coelomic fluid was significantly stimulated on day 2, day 4 and day 6 after the injection of the saccharides (P<0.05). The effects of chitosan and yeast polysaccharide were the most notable. The lysozyme activity of the epidermal slime was significantly increased by chitosana, yeast polysaccharide, seaweed polysaccharide, and burdock oligosaccharide on day 1 and day 2 after the injection (P<0.05). The SOD activity of the coelomic fluid was significantly promoted by the saccharides on day 2 and day 4 post-injection (P<0.05), while the SOD activity of the epidermal slime increased on day 2. These findings indicate that chitosan and yeast polysaccharide are the most effective immunostimulants and potential healthy anti-disease feedstuff for A. japonicus. 相似文献