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McKay CP Grunthaner FJ Lane AL Herring M Bartman RK Ksendzov A Manning CM Lamb JL Williams RM Ricco AJ Butler MA Murray BC Quinn RC Zent AP Klein HP Levin GV 《Planetary and Space Science》1998,46(6-7):769-777
The MOx instrument was developed to characterize the reactive nature of the martian soil. The objectives of MOx were: (1) to measure the rate of degradation of organics in the martian environment; (2) to determine if the reactions seen by the Viking biology experiments were caused by a soil oxidant and measure the reactivity of the soil and atmosphere: (3) to monitor the degradation, when exposed to the martian environment, of materials of potential use in future missions; and, finally, (4) to develop technologies and approaches that can be part of future soil analysis instrumentation. The basic approach taken in the MOx instrument was to place a variety of materials composed as thin films in contact with the soil and monitor the physical and chemical changes that result. The optical reflectance of the thin films was the primary sensing-mode. Thin films of organic materials, metals, and semiconductors were prepared. Laboratory simulations demonstrated the response of thin films to active oxidants. 相似文献
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火山岩风化壳储层发育模式——以三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系火山岩为例 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
中国的火山岩油气勘探近年来进展非常快,并不断在许多盆地发现了优质火山岩储层,其中风化壳型储层作为非常重要的火山岩储集体类型而倍受重视。三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷石炭系风化壳型储层储集空间以溶蚀孔洞缝为主,储层物性非常好。通过火山岩油气勘探中的野外露头观察、钻井取心、镜下薄片鉴定,及主量元素、微量元素等分析化验资料,并结合火山岩岩石学特征和物性特点,初步建立了该区的风化壳储层的发育模式,将火山岩风化壳储层在垂向上自上而下划分为五个带: ①最终分解产物带; ②水解带; ③淋滤带; ④崩解带; ⑤未风化带(母岩)。淋滤带储集物性最好,该区风化淋滤是改善储层的关键。 相似文献
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The Triassic succession of Bjørnøya (200 m) comprises the Lower Triassic Urd Formation (65 m) of the Sassendalen Group, and the Middle and Upper Triassic Skuld Formation (135 m) of the Kapp Toscana Group. These units are separated by a condensed '.'Middle Triassic sequence represented by a phosphatic remainé conglomerate (0.2m).
The Urd Formation consists of grey to dark grey shales with yellow weathering dolomitic beds and nodules. Palynology indicates the oldest beds to be Diencrian; ammonoid faunas in the middle and upper part of the formation arc of Smithian age. The organic content (c. 1 %) includes kerogen of land and marine origin, reflecting a shallow marine depositional environment.
The Skuld Formation is dominated by grey shales with red weathering siderite nodules. There are minor coarsening upwards sequences; the highest bed exposed is a 20 m thick, very fine-grained sandstone. Palynomorphs indicate a late Ladinian age for the lower part of the formation, and macrofossils and palynomorphs indicate Ladinian to Carnian ages for the upper part. Sedimentary structures, a sparse marine fauna and microplankton indicate deposition in a shallow marine environment. The organic residues contain dominantly terrestrially derived kerogen. 相似文献
The Urd Formation consists of grey to dark grey shales with yellow weathering dolomitic beds and nodules. Palynology indicates the oldest beds to be Diencrian; ammonoid faunas in the middle and upper part of the formation arc of Smithian age. The organic content (c. 1 %) includes kerogen of land and marine origin, reflecting a shallow marine depositional environment.
The Skuld Formation is dominated by grey shales with red weathering siderite nodules. There are minor coarsening upwards sequences; the highest bed exposed is a 20 m thick, very fine-grained sandstone. Palynomorphs indicate a late Ladinian age for the lower part of the formation, and macrofossils and palynomorphs indicate Ladinian to Carnian ages for the upper part. Sedimentary structures, a sparse marine fauna and microplankton indicate deposition in a shallow marine environment. The organic residues contain dominantly terrestrially derived kerogen. 相似文献
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ATLE MØRK GEIR ELVEBAKK ARNE W. FORSBERG MARK W. HOUNSLOW. HANS ARNE NAKREM. JORUNN OS VIGRAN WOLFGANG WEITSCHAT 《Polar research》1999,18(1):51-82
The Vikinghøgda Formation (250 m) is defined with a stratotype in Deltadalen-Vikinghøgda in central Spitsbergen. The Vikinghøgda Formation replaces the Vardebukta and Sticky Keep Formations of Buchan et al. (1965) and the lower part of the Barentsøya Formation of Lock et al. (1978) as extended geographically by Mørk, Knarud et al. (1982) in central Spitsbergen, Barentsøya and Edgeøya. The formation consists of three member: the Deltadalen Member (composed of mudstones with sandstones and siltstones), the Lusitaniadalen Member (dominated by mudstones with thin siltstone beds and some limestone concretions) and the Vendomdalen Member (composed of dark shales with dolomite interbeds and nodules). The Lusitaniadalen and Vendomdalen members replace the former Sticky Keep Formation/ Member in the siirne areu. The Vikinghøda Formation can be followed through central and eastern Spitsbergen to Barentøya and Edgeøya and includes all sediments between the chert-rich Kapp Starostin Formation (Permian) and the organic-rich shales of the Botneheia Formation (Middle Triassic). The subdivision into three members is also reflected in the organic carbon content and palynofacies. Upwards. each succeeding member becomes more distal, organic-rich and oil-prone than the one below.
The Vikinghøda Formation is well-dated by six ammonoid zones. although the transitional beds between the Deltadalen and Lusitaniadalen members lack age diagnostic macrofossils. Corresponding palynozonation and magnetustratigraphy have also been determined. The overall stratigraphical development correlates well with other key Triassic areas in the Arctic, although intervals in the late Dienerian and early Smithian may be condensed or missing. 相似文献
The Vikinghøda Formation is well-dated by six ammonoid zones. although the transitional beds between the Deltadalen and Lusitaniadalen members lack age diagnostic macrofossils. Corresponding palynozonation and magnetustratigraphy have also been determined. The overall stratigraphical development correlates well with other key Triassic areas in the Arctic, although intervals in the late Dienerian and early Smithian may be condensed or missing. 相似文献
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MORTEN SMELROR ATLE MØRK ERIC MONTEIL DAVID RUTLEDGE HAN LEEREVELD 《Polar research》1998,17(2):181-202
A new Lower Cretceous lithostratigraphic unit of the Western Barents Shelf, named the Klippfisk Formation, is formally introduced. The formation represents a condensed carbonate succession deposited on platform areas and structural highs, where it consists of limestones and marls, often glauconitic. The limestones may have a nodular appearance, and fossil debris, which are dominated by Inoceramus prisms, may be abundant. The Klippfisk Formation is composed of two members: the Kutling Member defined herein from cores drilled on the Bjarmeland Platform, and the coeval Tordenskjoldberget Member described on Kong Karls Land. The base of the formation is defined by the abrupt decrease in gamma-ray intensity, where the dark shales of the underlying Hekkingen or Agardhfjellet formations are replaced by marls. It is often unconformable. The Klippfisk Formation is of Berriasian to Early Barremian age and appears to be time-transgressive over parts of the Western Barents Shelf (including Kong Karls Land). It passes laterally into the basinal Knurr Formation. On Kongsøya (Kong Karls Land) a thin shale unit, bounded by unconformities, earlier included in the Tordenskjoldberget Member, represents the northernmost extension of the overlying Kolje Formation in the Barents Shelf. 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地石炭纪火山岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造环境意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
准噶尔盆地石炭纪发育区域性的火山岩建造,火山岩岩性以中基性为主,主要为玄武岩、玄武安山岩,同时发育少量酸性的流纹岩,基本属于钙碱性系列。样品全碱(Na_2O+K_2O=2.99%～8.07%)和TiO_2(0.30%～2.57%)含量较高,K_2O含量(0.13%～3.29%)较低,稀土元素含量(∑REE)中等。球粒标准化的REE配分表现轻稀土元素(LREE)相对于重稀土元素(HREE)富集((La/Yb)_N=2.47～7.45)、轻重稀土分异的特征,部分样品的Eu和大部分样品的Ce显示轻微的负异常(δEu=0.543～1.088,δCe=0.787～0.987)。微量元素具有大离子亲石元素(LILE)富集及高场强元素Nb、Ta亏损的特征,大部分样品(Rb/Yb)_N均远大于1。这些特征结合元素相关环境判别图解表明,准噶尔盆地石炭纪火山岩是原始岩浆经历了一定程度分异作用后的产物,以板内大陆环境为主,兼具有部分岛弧特征,形成于俯冲碰撞造山期后伸展背景下,火山岩所具有的岛弧特征是碰撞前混染弧组分的继承。 相似文献
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Eleven shallow cores display 315 m of the >700 m thick Lower and Middle Triasic successional of the Svalis Dome, a Salt diapir in the central south-western Barents Sea. The Svalis Dome was uplifted in the late Mesozoic. and Trisassic rocks suherop below Quaternary till around the Upper Palaeozoic core of the dome. Deposition of the Triassic succession took place in deep shelf to basinal environments below storm wave base. The succession is dated by macrofossils and palynomorphs and can be assigned to four formations. The basal beds of the shaly greenish grey Havert Formation (Griesbachian) occur above Permian bioclastic carbonate. The Klappmyss Formation (Smithian) in the lower part contains gravity flow sands deposited as submarine fans pussible triggered by tectonic movements along the adjacent ault zones overlian by silty claystones. An organic-rich dark shale unit is here formally defined as the Steinkobbe overlain by silty claystones. An organic-rich dark shale unit is here formally defined as the Steinkobbe Formation, and was deposited in a large bight by restricted water circulation. The Snadd Formation. on top, representes a marine shelf unit deposited in front of an emerging land area in the north-east. A minimum of six higher order transgressive-regressive sequences are recognized at the Svalis Dome and these are correlated with other Arctic areas. 相似文献
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To understand the nature of land degradation and factors responsible for it, investigations were carried out in Etah district with an area of 4.45 lakh hectares. For identification of soil/land degradation problems, multidate Landsat, TM spectral bands and FCC were used. It is observed that salt-affected soils are sharply depicted by light and dark gray mixed tone on band 3, while they are not clear on band 4. Flood plain and waterlogged soils are clearly observed on band 4. Band 6 (10.3 – 12.5 µm) helps in separation of broad zones of coarse and fine-textured soils, active flood plain of rivers, and eroded and gullied lands. The confusion between coarse-textured droughty soils and salt-affected areas in TM FCC (2, 3, 4) could be eliminated by use of band-6 data in combination with FCC. For delineation of problematic areas, two approaches were followed viz. (i) physiographic approach, and (ii) direct approach. In the physiographic approach landscape map associated with image characteristics was prepared. Further the image interpretation units were interpreted for land degradation hazards. With this approach physiography and soil relationship and the degradation problems vis-a-vis soil units could be established and ameliorative measures as per soil condition can be suggested. In direct approach, the problematic areas as per predetermined key were demarcated. Out of 4.45 lakh ha of the area, 1.99 lakh ha is affected by various soil degradation problems, like droughty soils, flooding hazard and salinity and alkalinity which cover 22.1%, 50.0% and 27.9%, respectively. To study the distribution of a salt-affected lands, major physiographic boundaries were superimposed over the land degradation map prepared by direct approach. It is observed that 81.5% of the salt-affected areas lie in the old alluvial plain while 18.5% is in recent flood plain. 相似文献
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MAI BRITT E. MØRK 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1985,3(3):245-264
Abstract The Kvamsøy pyroxenite complex consists of olivine websterite, olivine gabbro and leucogabbro-norite which have been subjected to regional high P-T (HPT) metamorphism. The metamorphism has resulted in a range of disequilibrium textures with the development of coronas and pseudomorphism of the igneous phases. Reactions between felsic and mafic mineral domains have been controlled by variable and selective diffusion of elements, resulting in a variety of local plagioclase-breakdown reactions and in significant compositional variations for the product garnet. Restricted diffusion favours transient reaction stages with garnet ± spinel ± corundum ± zoisite after calcic plagioclase in olivine gabbro and olivine websterite and garnet ± spinel ± kyanite ± quartz + sodic plagioclase in leucogabbro-norite. Complete HPT reaction has produced garnet pyroxenite which consists of garnet + diopside + hornblende + zoisite in gabbroic rocks, while amphibolitization continued during the cooling and uplift history. Grt + Ky + Pl + Qtz geobarometry suggests pressures in the range 13-16 kbar for T = 750°C, comparable with the regional eclogite-forming metamorphism. 相似文献
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