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长江流域实际蒸发量的变化趋势 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
采用经过参数率定的区域蒸散互补关系原理AA模型和全球海气耦合模式ECHAM5/MPI-OM估算长江流域1961-2007 年的实际蒸发量,运用线性回归法和非参数Mann-Kendall 秩次相关检验法对2 种方法估算的实际蒸发量进行年、年代际和季节变化特征分析与对比,揭示长江流域实际蒸发量的变化规律。结果表明：长江流域年实际蒸发量呈现显著的下降趋势,2种方法估算的结果分别以-9.3 mm/10a 和-3.6 mm/10a 的速度下降,从20 世纪90 年代开始实际蒸发量的下降幅度明显增大;在季节变化上,2 种方法估算的结果在春、秋季均呈现显著的下降趋势,在夏、冬季表现为相反的变化趋势;在空间差异上,流域各地区的变化趋势总体较一致,其中以中下游地区的变化趋势最为显著。 相似文献
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ZHENG Fei 《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):471-475
The accurate simulation of the equatorial sea surlhce temperature （SST） variability is crucial for a proper representation or prediction of the El Nino-Southern Os- cillation （ENSO）. This paper describes the tropical variability simulated by the Max Planck Institute （MPI） forr meteorology coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model （CGCM）. A control simulation with pre-industrial greenhouse gases is analyzed, and the simulation of key oceanic features, such as SST, is compared with observa- tions. Results from the 400-yr control simulation show that the model＇s ENSO variability is quite realistic in terms of structure, strength, and period. Also, two related features （the annual cycle of SST and the-phase locking of ENSO events）, which are significant in determining the model＇s performance of realistic ENSO prediction, are further validated to be well reproduced by the MPI cli mate model, which is an atmospheric model ECHAM5 （which fuses the EC tbr European Center and HAM for Hamburg） coupled to an MPI ocean model （MPI-OM）, ECHAMS/MPI-OM. 相似文献
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利用ECHAM5/MPI-OM气候模式输出的2001-2050年逐月降水量资料,考虑IPCC采用的3种排放情景（A2：温室气体高排放情景;A1B:温室气体中排放情景;B1：温室气体低排放情景）,计算其标准化降水指数,分析了中国2050年前3种排放情景下的旱涝格局。结果表明：3种情景下旱涝趋势空间分布不同,其中A2情景下旱涝格局同1961-2000年观测到的旱涝格局相似,均存在一条由东北向西南的干旱带;而A1B和B1情景下旱涝格局则发生了很大的变化,尤其B1情景下出现了"北涝南旱"的格局。未来50 a干旱面积在A2情景下呈略增加趋势;A1B和B1情景下为减少趋势。3种情景下干旱频率的空间分布也各不相同。 相似文献
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A nested numerical model system has been set up to realistically simulate more than 30 years of the Indonesian throughflow (ITF). A global circulation model delivered the boundary values for sea level, temperature and salinity distributions to a local model covering the region of the ITF. Both models were forced with NCEP data. Results of the regional model are in good agreement with measured data regarding velocity distribution and stratification, as well as transported water masses. Model results show a highly variable and very complex current system. The presence of a realistic throughflow has been simulated even with a barotropic pressure gradient directed from the Indian towards the Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, model experiences indicate that the intensity of the ITF is correlated with the seasonal wind system. It is concluded that the ITF is neither driven by a barotropic or baroclinic pressure gradient nor by local winds. The ITF seems to be, rather, the extension of the very strong tropical Pacific Ocean circulation system westward into the Indonesian seas, where the western boundary is not fully closed due to the passages between the Indonesian islands. A hypothesis for the physical reason is given to explain the existence of the Indonesian throughflow. 相似文献
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ENSO combination mode and its influence on seasonal precipitation over southern China simulated by ECHAM5/MPI-OM 
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下载免费PDF全文 对东亚气候年际变率的研究仍存在许多值得探寻之处。已有研究表明,产生于ENSO年际变率和暖池年循环相互作用的C-mode与东亚气候异常变化的关系密切,特别是自20世纪90年代以来,ENSO对中国南方降水的贡献减弱,而C-mode的影响则在2000年后凸显出来。本文利用600年长时间模拟结果评估了气候模式ECHAM5/MPI-OM对C-mode及其对华南季节降水影响的模拟。结果表明该模式能够再现C-mode的时空特征以及热带海气对其的非对称响应。同时也能较好地抓住C-mode影响华南冬春季降水异常的时空结构。这将有助于进一步利用ECHAM5/MPI-OM来模拟和预测与C-mode相关的华南季节降水异常变化。 相似文献
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An ensemble-based assimilation method is proposed for correcting the subsurface temperature field when nudging the sea surface temperature(SST) observations into the Max Planck Institute(MPI) climate model,ECHAM5/MPI-OM. This method can project SST directly to subsurface according to model ensemble-based correlations between SST and subsurface temperature. Results from a 50 year(1960–2009) assimilation experiment show the method can improve the subsurface temperature field up to 300 m compared to the qualitycontrolled subsurface ocean temperature objective analyses(EN4), through reducing the biases of the thermal states, improving the thermocline structure, and reducing the root mean square(RMS) errors. Moreover, as most of the improvements concentrate over the upper 100 m, the ocean heat content in the upper 100 m(OHT100 m)is further adopted as a property to validate the performance of the ensemble-based correction method. The results show that RMS errors of the global OHT100 m convergent to one value after several times iteration,indicating this method can represent the relationship between SST and subsurface temperature fields well, and then improve the accuracy of the simulation in the subsurface temperature of the climate model. 相似文献
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