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1.
Hannah M. Clilverd Yin‐Phan Tsang Dana M. Infante Abigail J. Lynch Ayron M. Strauch 《水文研究》2019,33(5):699-719
Climate change has fundamentally altered the water cycle in tropical islands, which is a critical driver of freshwater ecosystems. To examine how changes in streamflow regime have impacted habitat quality for native migratory aquatic species, we present a 50‐year (1967–2016) analysis of hydrologic records in 23 unregulated streams across the five largest Hawaiian Islands. For each stream, flow was separated into direct run‐off and baseflow and high‐ and low‐flow statistics (i.e., Q10 and Q90) with ecologically important hydrologic indices (e.g., frequency of flooding and low flow duration) derived. Using Mann–Kendall tests with a running trend analysis, we determined the persistence of streamflow trends through time. We analysed native stream fauna from ~400 sites, sampled from 1992 to 2007, to assess species richness among islands and streams. Declines in streamflow metrics indicated a general drying across the islands. In particular, significant declines in low flow conditions (baseflows), were experienced in 57% of streams, compared with a significant decline in storm flow conditions for 22% of streams. The running trend analysis indicated that many of the significant downward trends were not persistent through time but were only significant if recent decades (1987–2016) were included, with an average decline in baseflow and run‐off of 10.90% and 8.28% per decade, respectively. Streams that supported higher native species diversity were associated with moderate discharge and baseflow index, short duration of low flows, and negligible downward trends in flow. A significant decline in dry season flows (May–October) has led to an increase in the number of no‐flow days in drier areas, indicating that more streams may become intermittent, which has important implications for mauka to makai (mountain to ocean) hydrological connectivity and management of Hawai'i's native migratory freshwater fauna. 相似文献
2.
利用海南岛18个气象观测站1966—2001年逐日20cm口径小型蒸发皿蒸发量及气象要素资料,通过数理统计方法分析了海南岛年和四季的蒸发量变化特征及气象因子对蒸发量的影响。结果表明:从时间上看,海南岛年蒸发量变化呈波动式下降,蒸发量的减少主要出现在春季,冬季和夏季次之。从空间上看,年蒸发量呈东北少、西南多的分布,其大值区主要集中在西南部,小值区主要集中在东北部和中部地区。M-K检验说明年与春冬两季蒸发量的变化呈下降趋势且在1994年前后发生突变。影响蒸发量变化的因子中,日照时数和风速是造成蒸发量减小的主要因子,降水量的影响仅次于风速和日照时数,而气温不是造成海南岛蒸发量减小的主要因子,相对湿度可能是海南岛的蒸发量减小的影响因子。 相似文献
3.
利用乌兰乌苏镇1964～2012年的气象资料,选取逐年平均气温、极端最高气温、极端最低气温、大风、雷暴、沙尘暴、沙尘天气及大雾、轻雾天气出现的天数作为分析对象,运用3年移动平均法、回归分析法、非参数检验方法的Mann-Kendall趋势检验和突变检验法以及小波分析法,进行了多种天气事件的年纪变化趋势分析.结果表明：（1）大雾天气的发生日数呈增加趋势,沙尘天气、沙尘暴天气、轻雾天气、大风天气和雷暴天气的发生日数都呈减少趋势,其中大风天气发生日数减少趋势最为明显.（2）平均气温、年极端最高气温、年极端最低气温、大雾天气、轻雾天气、沙尘暴天气、雷暴天气和沙尘天气在研究时段都出现了突变,且平均气温、轻雾天气、沙尘天气和雷暴天气在突变之后不久都达到了极显著的上升或者下降变化趋势.（3）平均气温、年极端最低气温、年极端最高气温、大雾天气、雷暴天气和大风天气有明显的周期性,但是不同的气象要素周期性长短是不同的,沙尘、沙尘暴和轻雾天气则没有明显的周期性. 相似文献
4.
1961—2014年广东小时强降水的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用1961—2014年广东32个气象观测站逐小时降水资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann Kendall检验、功率谱分析、计算趋势系数等统计诊断方法,分析了广东小时强降水在年以及前、后汛期的气候特征及变化。结果表明,广东年、前、后汛期多年平均小时强降水的次数、强度、降水量和贡献率的空间分布均呈沿海向内陆递减。近54年来,广东平均小时强降水的次数、强度、降水量和贡献率在年以及前、后汛期的时间尺度上均为显著上升的趋势,与同期广东年暴雨次数和年降水变化不明显有明显差异。广东大部分测站小时强降水量均呈增加的趋势,其中珠三角增加最为显著。近54年来广东年和前汛期小时强降水次数存在3.7年和22年、后汛期存在3年左右的显著周期震荡。广东年和后汛期小时强降水次数在1993—1994年发生增加的突变,前汛期小时强降水次数没有突变发生。 相似文献
5.
Trends of the three hydro-meteorological variables precipitation, temperature and stream flow, represented by 13, 12, and 9 gauging stations, respectively, within the Abay/Upper Blue Nile basin have been studied to support water management in the region. The Trends were evaluated over different time periods depending on data availability at the stations. The statistical Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests have been used to assess trends and change points respectively. The tests have been applied to mean annual, monthly, seasonal, 1- and 7-days annual minimum and maximum values for streamflow, while mean annual, monthly and seasonal timescales were applied to meteorological variables. The results are heterogeneous and depict statistically significant increasing/decreasing trends. Besides, it showed significant abrupt change of point upward/downward shift for streamflow and temperature time series. However, precipitation time series did not show any statistically significant trends in mean annual and seasonal scales across the examined stations.Increasing trends in temperature at different weather stations for the mean annual, rainy, dry and small rainy seasons are apparent. The mean temperature at Bahir Dar – typical station in the Lake Tana sub basin, has been increasing at the rate of about 0.5 °C/decade, 0.3 °C/decade in rainy season (June–September), 0.6 °C/decade in small rainy season (March–May), and 0.6 °C/decade in dry season (October–February). Other stations in the Abay/Upper Blue Nile show comparable results. Overall it is found that trends and change point times varied considerably across the stations and catchment to catchment. Identified significant trends can help to make better planning decisions for water management. However, the cause attributes to the observed changes in hydro-meteorological variables need further research. In particular the combined effects of land use/land cover change and climate variability on streamflow of Abay/Blue Nile basin and its tributaries needs to be understood better. 相似文献
6.
利用1981-2020年安顺市6个国家气象站的逐日能见度资料和同期地面逐小时降水资料,运用统计分析、Morlet小波分析、Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验以及Pettitt突变检验,对安顺市大雾天气的气候特征进行分析,结果表明：1981-2020年安顺市总共出现大雾1111d,年平均大雾日数为27.8d;大雾日数的季节变化呈冬季＞春季(秋季)＞夏季,其中冬季大雾出现的频率占全年的44%;大雾主要出现在1月,其出现的频率占全年的18%,其次是2月和12月。近40年安顺市出现大雾最多的站点是西秀区,其次是关岭县;夏季大雾的高发区是紫云县,西秀区是大雾的低发区,春、秋、冬三季,大雾的高发区是关岭县和西秀区。安顺市大雾日数存在明显的准5a、准12a和准20a的周期震荡,其中准20a为第一主周期,具有明显的稳定性和全域性。1981-1996年期间安顺市的大雾日数总体呈减少趋势,且1986-1990年期间减少趋势显著;1996年以后安顺市大雾日数总体呈增加趋势,且2004年以后增加趋势显著;安顺市大雾日数在2003年发生突变,且突变特征显著,突变后的大雾日数较突变前增加了157%。 相似文献
7.
利用1971—2020年江西省83站国家气象观测站逐时降水资料,采用EOF分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、滑动t检验、Morlet小波变换等方法,对江西暴雨预警信号等级的时空分布特征进行了分析。结果表明：1)江西暴雨蓝色、黄色和橙色预警信号年平均发布频次均呈“东北多、西南少”的地域分布,暴雨红色预警主要在鄱阳湖南侧存在多发区;上饶市和景德镇市是暴雨蓝色和黄色预警信号发布频次异常的敏感区,且在江西北部与中部表现出较明显的反位相变化特征。2)暴雨蓝色预警信号发布时间表现为单峰型,主要出现在13—16时,其他三种级别暴雨预警信号发布时间均表现为双峰型,主要有上午和傍晚两个易发时段。3)暴雨红色预警信号发布主要在6—8月,其他等级暴雨预警主要在5—8月,各等级暴雨预警信号均在6月发布最多。4)各等级暴雨预警信号发布频次均存在6—8 a的年际周期振荡,目前江西暴雨蓝色和黄色预警信号发布频次进入偏少期,而暴雨橙色和红色预警信号发布进入偏多期。5)暴雨红色预警信号发布频次呈0.70次/(10 a)的线性增加趋势,且在1992年发生明显由偏少转为偏多的突变,大部地区暴雨红色预警信号发布时降水极... 相似文献
8.
Priya Narayanan Ashoke Basistha Sumana Sarkar Sachdeva Kamna 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2013,345(1):22-27
Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over different seasons influence physical, social and economic parameters. Pre-monsoon (March, April and May – MAM) rainfall over the country is highly variable. Since heat lows and convective rainfall in MAM have an impact on the intensity of the ensuing monsoons, hence the pre-monsoon period was chosen for the study. The pre-whitened Mann Kendall test was used to explore presence of rainfall trend during MAM. The results indicate presence of significant (at 10% level) increasing trend in two stations (Ajmer, Bikaner). The practical significance of the change in rainfall was also explored as percentage changes over long term mean, using Theil and Sen's median slope estimator. Forecast using univariate ARIMA model for pre-monsoon months indicates that there is a significant rise in the pre-monsoon rainfall over the northwest part of the country. 相似文献
9.
全球变暖是当前全球气候变化研究的热点之一,新疆深居亚欧大陆内陆,地形气候复杂,探讨该区域气候变化与海拔的关系对全球气候变化研究具有重要的参考意义。基于1958—2017年新疆41个气象站的月和年平均气候数据,采用一元线性回归、Mann Kendall（M-K）趋势分析和突变检验等方法分析该地区气候变化的时空分布与海拔的关系。结果表明：1958—2017年新疆年均气温、年均降水量均呈上升趋势,但增加幅度具有时间和空间差异。在时间上,北疆四季平均气温增温幅度均大于南疆（冬季除外）,四季降水量增幅北疆大于南疆（夏季除外）;在空间上,北疆气温和降水的增幅均大于南疆。研究区各个站点气温呈现出南部高而北部低的空间格局,年均降水量北部多,南部低。各个站点气温倾向率总体随海拔增加而减少,年均降水量变化率随海拔升高而增加,在不同海拔带内部存在差异。综上所述,受全球气候变暖的影响,近60 a来新疆年均气温和年均降水量均呈上升趋势,尤其是北疆对全球气候变暖的响应较为敏感。 相似文献
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近年来北京的气象特征、雾霾发生频次、能见度变化特征及特点受到越来越多的关注。利用北京西南地区代表站的能见度,通过回归分析、Mann Kendall趋势分析突变检验方法等,对近34年能见度的变化特征及突变性进行了分析研究,发现平原地区和山区日平均能见度年际变化均呈下降趋势,季节变化以春冬季能见度较好,日变化显著,平原站年均能见度在1997年前后出现突变。结合常规地面观测要素进行了相关分析,发现能见度与湿度相关性最好。利用房山区环保局提供的2013年全年污染物浓度数据,分析能见度与污染指数的关系,发现在各污染因子中,PM25同能见度的相关性最好,SO2相关性最差,为今后污染治理提供参考依据。 相似文献