Groundwater recharge of carbonate aquifers of the Silesian-Cracow Triassic (southern Poland) under human impact     

Andrzej Kowalczyk  Andrzej J. Witkowski 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(2):235-246

A Triassic carbonate unit has been intensively drained by zinc and lead ore mines and numerous borehole fields since the nineteenth century. Its groundwater recharge has increased due to: pumping of water from boreholes, mining activity, and urbanization. An approach to determine the amounts of the recharge at a variety of spatial scales is presented in the paper. Different methods were used to identify and quantify recharge components on a regional and local scale: mathematical modelling was performed for four aquifers included in an aquifer system, an analytical estimation based on the assumption that an average recharge is equal to the average discharge of the hydrogeological system—for six man-made drainage centres, and the method of water level fluctuation (WLF) was applied in one observation borehole. Results of modelling have been supplemented by observation of environmental tracers (δ¹⁸O, δ²H, ³H), noble gases temperatures, and ⁴He_exc in groundwater. The regional aquifer’s current recharge according to estimations performed by means of modelling varies from 39 to 101 mm/year on average. Depending on the aquifer site the average precipitation ranges from 779 to 864 mm/year. In the confined part of the aquifer average recharge ranges from 26 to 61 mm/year. Within outcrops average recharge varies from 96 to 370 mm/year. Current recharge estimated by the analytical method for man-made drainage centres varies from 158 up to 440 mm/year. High values are caused by different recharge sources like precipitation, induced leakage from shallow aquifers, and water losses from streams, water mains and sewer systems. Pumping of water, mining and municipal activities constitute additional factors accounting for the intensified recharge.  相似文献   

Probabilistic seismic hazard evaluation in underground mines     

Ewa GłOwacka 《Natural Hazards》1993,7(2):121-132

Stress concentrations produced by rock deformation due to extraction in underground mines induce seismicity that can take the shape of violent and quite dangerous rockbursts.The hazard evaluation presented in this paper is based on a Bayesian probabilistic synthesis of information determined from mining situations during excavation, with previous and present data from microseismicity and seismoacustics.The method proposed in this study is an example of time-dependent on-line seismic hazard evaluation. All results presented were obtained retrospectiely for different underground coal mines in Poland and Czechoslovakia.On leave from Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences 01-452 Warszawa, ul. Ksiecia Janusza 64, Poland.  相似文献   

The Role of Organic Matter During Metal Enrichment in Permian Kupferschiefer of the Rudna Mine,Southwest Poland     

孙玉壮  WILHELM PüTTMANN 《中国地球化学学报》2003,22(1):1-10

The bulk composition of organic matter and saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons extracted from 16 samples collected from two Kuperschiefer profiles in the Rudna mine,Southwest Poland has been analyzed to study the role of organic matter during base metal enrichment in the Kupferschiefer shale.The results indicated that the extract yields and saturated hydrocarbon yields decreased with increasing base metal contents.GC and GC/MS analyses indicated that n -alkanes and alkylated aromatic compounds were depleted and may have served as hydrogen donators for thermochemical sulfate reduction.The enrichment of base metal is closely connected with the destruction of hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

Composition of Kerogen in Kupferschiefer from Southwest Poland     

孙玉壮 《中国地球化学学报》2004,23(2):101-111

Thirty-seven Kupferschiefer samples from southwestern Poland were analyzed by microscopy, Rock-Eval approach and instrumental neutron activation analysis to understand the geochemical and morphological characteristics of kerogen present in the samples. The analytical results indicate that there are two different types of kerogens. One type was only subjected to thermal alteration processes, and the other was further oxidized after deposition of the sediment.In the oxidized samples migrabitumen was transformed into pyrobitumen. Rock-Eval analyses show a significant decrease in HI values in the oxidized samples and an increase in OI values in relation to the samples that were not influenced by oxidation. Variations in S2 versus Corg contents indicate a change in kerogen from Type II to Type III with progressing oxidation. The presence of pyrobitumen and the depletion of hydrogen in the altered kerogen allow one to conclude that the kerogen was used as hydrogen donor for thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR).  相似文献   

Flood hazards in the upper and middle Odra River basin – A short review over the last century     

Alfred Dubicki  Jzefa Malinowska-Ma&#x;ek  Kinga Stro&#x;ska 《Limnologica》2005,35(3):123-131

During the 20th century many floods of different intensity and extent have occurred on the Odra River and its tributaries. On the basis of long-term water level observations five major floods, that affected the entire upper and middle Odra River basin, were chosen for further analysis: June 1902, July 1903, August 1977, August 1985 and July 1997. However, hazardous floods were not only those that covered the whole upper and middle Odra River basin, so several local floods were also studied. Detailed historical analysis was made of meteorological conditions, with special emphasis on precipitation patterns and amounts. Then, on the basis of flood peak time occurrence, the stages of flood wave formation were formulated. The natural flood wave of the Odra River is often modified by hydro-technical infrastructure, the development and improvement of which is briefly described in this paper. In conclusion, a comparison of flood wave characteristics such as rising time, falling time, duration, peak flow and volume is presented.  相似文献   

A Holocene high-resolution record of aquatic productivity,seasonal anoxia and meromixis from varved sediments of Lake Łazduny,North-Eastern Poland: insight from a novel multi-proxy approach     

Andrea Sanchini  Sönke Szidat  Wojciech Tylmann  Hendrik Vogel  Agnieszka Wacnik  Martin Grosjean 《第四纪科学杂志》2020,35(8):1070-1080

Anthropogenic eutrophication and spreading anoxia in freshwater systems is a global concern. Little is known about anoxia in earlier historic times under weaker human impact, or under prehistoric natural conditions with different trophic, land cover and climatic regimes. We use a novel approach that combines high-resolution hyperspectral imaging with µ-XRF and HPLC-pigment data, which allows us to assess chloropigments (productivity) and bacteriopigments (anoxia) at seasonal subvarve-scale resolution. Our ~9700 cal a bp varved sediment record from NE Poland suggests that productivity increased stepwise from oligotrophic Early Holocene conditions (until ~9200 cal a bp ) to mesotrophic conditions in the Mid- and Late Holocene. Natural eutrophication was mainly a function of progressing landscape evolution with intense weathering under dense forest and warm-moist climatic conditions. Generally, anoxia increased with increasing productivity. Seasonal anoxia and some multi-decadal periods of meromixis were the common mixing patterns throughout the Holocene except for a period of persisting meromixis between ~5200 and 2000 cal a bp. Anthropogenic deforestation around 400 cal a bp resulted in substantially better lake oxygenation despite high productivity. In this small lake, aquatic productivity and lakeshore forest cover (wind shield) were more important factors controlling oxic/anoxic conditions than Holocene temperature variability.  相似文献   

Plant assemblage from Opole,southern Poland: New data on Late Cretaceous vegetation of the northern part of the European Province     

Bartosz J. Płachno  Agata Jurkowska  Grzegorz Pacyna  Elżbieta Worobiec  Przemysław Gedl  Ewa Świerczewska-Gładysz 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):159-170

This paper presents the results of studies on plant macroremains found in the upper Turonian of the Folwark Quarry, Opole, Poland, associated with palynological studies of the host rocks. In addition to a few macrofossils (gymnosperm wood, conifer Geinitzia reichenbachii and fern ?Didymosorus) rich sporomorphs (bryophyte, lycopod and fern spores, conifer and angiosperm pollen grains) and marine palynomorphs (mainly dinoflagellate cysts) were recorded. The palynological analysis revealed that the vegetation on the neighbouring land (the East Sudetic Island) in the late Turonian was much more diverse than could be reconstructed based on only macrofossil remains. The latter are taxonomically restricted and dominated by one gymnosperm species (Geinitzia reichenbachii), which make them similar to most neighbouring, coeval Central European assemblages. Its over representation is, thus, a result of taphonomy.  相似文献   

Migration of lignosulfonates in a karstic-fractured-porous aquifer: History and prognosis for a Zn-Pb mine,Pomorzany, southern Poland     

J. Motyka  S. Witczak  A. Zuber 《Environmental Geology》1994,24(2):144-149

Lignosulfonate lyes, which had been deposited by a paper factory for about 50 years into Quaternary sediments and accumulated in a quasistagnant depression, became mobile when a depression cone caused by mine activity in a deeper aquifer reached the erosion window close to the disposal site. Their transport parameters in the karstic-fractured-porous carbonate aquifer are shown to be mainly governed by diffusion between the mobile water in karstic channels and fractures and the stagnant water in matrix, although the hydraulic conductivity is shown to depend mainly on the karstic system. The main transport velocity is, with a sufficient accuracy, related to the hydraulic conductivity by a simple model in which matrix porosity is the governing rock parameter. The dispersivity, although also governed by matrix diffusion, depends strongly on several parameters that are difficult to determine.  相似文献   

VII International Congress on the Jurassic System (September 6–18, 2006, Krakow,Poland)     

V. A. Zakharov  M. A. Rogov 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(2):236-238

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波兰煤矿瓦斯高效抽放技术特点     

员争荣 《煤田地质与勘探》2006,34(6):27-29

目前,在波兰41对主要生产矿井中,有23对高瓦斯矿井进行了瓦斯抽放。2004年瓦斯平均抽放率为30%,平均利用率为39%。根据瓦斯地质条件、瓦斯涌出特点和采区通风方式,着重介绍了波兰煤矿强化煤层、围岩和采空区瓦斯抽放,提高矿井瓦斯抽放效率的工艺技术特点。在工作面的瓦斯排放中,注重开采、通风与瓦斯抽放一体化,通过优化抽放钻孔布置,取得钻孔瓦斯抽放的最佳效果,是波兰煤矿瓦斯治理的一项成功经验,成为煤矿持续安全高效生产的重要技术保障。  相似文献