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胡聿贤 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2003,2(1):35-38
Current design criteria and principles of earthquake engineering design are reviewed, including safety factors, probabilistic
approach, and two-level and multi-level functional design ideas. The modern multi-functional idea is discussed in greater
details. When designing a structure, its resistance to and the intensity of the earthquake action are considered. The consequence
of failure of the structure is considered only through a rough and empirical factor of importance, ranging usually from 1.0
to 1.5. This paper suggests a method of “consequence-based design,” which considers the consequences of malfunctioning instead
of simply an importance factor. The main argument for this method is that damage to a structure located in different types
of societies may have very different consequences, which are dependant on its value and usefulness to the society and the
seismicity in the region. 相似文献
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The performance of force-based and displacement-based seismic assessment methods for the life-safety limit state check of out-of-plane loaded unreinforced masonry walls is evaluated on the basis of refined numerical simulations. For this purpose, a discrete element model of a vertically spanning wall is built and validated against experimental results from static and dynamic test conditions. The model is then analysed for a large range of wall configurations. For each configuration, a static pushover analysis and a series of incremental dynamic analyses are run, the latter permitting to determine the capacity of the wall under dynamic loading. The accuracy of the assessment methods in predicting the acceleration at which the walls collapse is evaluated. It is found that the displacement-based method is more accurate, robust, and safe than the force-based method. The comparison also shows that for walls characterised by a relatively high ratio of axial load to Euler's critical load, both assessment methods lead to an overestimation of the wall capacity. As a remedy, a modification to the methods based on a recently developed mechanical model is put forward and tested. For the force-based method, it is additionally suggested to set for walls with relatively high overburden ratios the behaviour factor equal to 1. To ensure reproducibility of this study, all input and output files of the numerical simulations are made publicly available. 相似文献
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The last decade or so has seen the development of refined performance-based earthquake engineering(PBEE) approaches that now provide a framework for estimation of a range of important decision variables,such as repair costs,repair time and number of casualties. This paper reviews current tools for PBEE,including the PACT software,and examines the possibility of extending the innovative displacement-based assessment approach as a simplified structural analysis option for performance assessment. Details of the displacement-based s+eismic assessment method are reviewed and a simple means of quickly assessing multiple hazard levels is proposed. Furthermore,proposals for a simple definition of collapse fragility and relations between equivalent single-degree-of-freedom characteristics and multi-degree-of-freedom story drift and floor acceleration demands are discussed,highlighting needs for future research. To illustrate the potential of the methodology,performance measures obtained from the simplified method are compared with those computed using the results of incremental dynamic analyses within the PEER performance-based earthquake engineering framework,applied to a benchmark building. The comparison illustrates that the simplified method could be a very effective conceptual seismic design tool. The advantages and disadvantages of the simplified approach are discussed and potential implications of advanced seismic performance assessments for conceptual seismic design are highlighted through examination of different case study scenarios including different structural configurations. 相似文献
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基于性能的抗震设计方法在剪力墙结构中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文对基于性能的抗震设计方法中最具有代表性的直接基于位移的设计方法在剪力墙结构中的应用进行了研究。采用结构非线性分析程序探讨了墙厚、混凝土强度等级、纵筋配筋率、钢筋级别、轴压比、墙长等因素对单肢剪力墙屈服位移的影响,从而对现有的屈服曲率计算公式进行了改进。另外将按顶点荷载作用下的屈服位移计算公式求出的屈服位移与实际倒三角形荷载作用下的剪力墙屈服位移进行了比较,,从而推导出倒三角形荷载作用下的屈服位移计算公式。 相似文献
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A Probabilistic Displacement-based Vulnerability Assessment Procedure for Earthquake Loss Estimation 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
Helen?Crowley Rui?PinhoEmail author Julian?J.?Bommer 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2004,2(2):173-219
Earthquake loss estimation studies require predictions to be made of the proportion of a building class falling within discrete damage bands from a specified earthquake demand. These predictions should be made using methods that incorporate both computational efficiency and accuracy such that studies on regional or national levels can be effectively carried out, even when the triggering of multiple earthquake scenarios, as opposed to the use of probabilistic hazard maps and uniform hazard spectra, is employed to realistically assess seismic demand and its consequences on the built environment. Earthquake actions should be represented by a parameter that shows good correlation to damage and that accounts for the relationship between the frequency content of the ground motion and the fundamental period of the building; hence recent proposals to use displacement response spectra. A rational method is proposed herein that defines the capacity of a building class by relating its deformation potential to its fundamental period of vibration at different limit states and comparing this with a displacement response spectrum. The uncertainty in the geometrical, material and limit state properties of a building class is considered and the first-order reliability method, FORM, is used to produce an approximate joint probability density function (JPDF) of displacement capacity and period. The JPDF of capacity may be used in conjunction with the lognormal cumulative distribution function of demand in the classical reliability formula to calculate the probability of failing a given limit state. Vulnerability curves may be produced which, although not directly used in the methodology, serve to illustrate the conceptual soundness of the method and make comparisons with other methods. 相似文献
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基于性态的砌块砌体结构极限性态目标位移确定方法的研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对砌块砌体结构进行Push—over分析，其结果准确与否和结构的极限性态目标位移的可靠确定关系很大。本文基于大量的配筋砌块砌体墙片试验结果，对直接基于位移的抗震设计法进行改进，使之能够用于砌块砌体结构的极限性态目标位移的确定。用改进的方法求解一座1／4比例的10层砌块砌体模型结构的极限性态目标位移，并与该模型结构的振动台试验结果进行比较。结果说明本文提出的改进方法是可以应用于求解砌块砌体结构的极限性态目标位移的。 相似文献
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This paper outlines a methodology to assess the seismic drift of reinforced concrete buildings with limited structural and geotechnical information. Based on the latest and the most advanced research on predicting potential near-field and far field earthquakes affecting Hong Kong, the engineering response spectra for both rock and soil sites are derived. A new step-by-step procedure for displacement-based seismic hazard assessment of building structures is proposed to determine the maximum inter-storey drift demand for reinforced concrete buildings. The primary information required for this assessment is only the depth of the soft soil above bedrock and the height of the building. This procedure is further extended to assess the maximum chord rotation angle demand for the coupling beam of coupled shear wall or frame wall structures, which may be very critical when subjected to earthquake forces. An example is provided to illustrate calibration of the assessment procedure by using actual engineering structural models. 相似文献
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对6种等效线性化方法等效模型进行分析和总结,研究等效线性化方法应用于桥梁结构基于位移抗震设计的可行性及计算过程.以箍筋体积配箍率和桥梁结构承载能力为评价因素,对钢筋混凝土桥梁墩柱采用不同等效线性化方法进行基于位移的抗震设计,研究了等效线性化方法及阻尼调整系数对抗震设计结果的影响.研究表明,各种等效线性化方法应用于基于位移的抗震设计其计算结果存在较大差异,等效阻尼比对基于位移的抗震设计结果影响显著,不同的阻尼调整系数得到的计算结果也不同.在所研究的6种等效线性化方法中,Kowalsky方法、Iwan方法和欧进萍方法计算误差较小,随着位移延性系数的增大,Kowalsky方法的计算误差减小.应用Eurocode8规范提供的阻尼调整系数计算得到的结果与真实值较为接近.建议采用Eurocode8规范提供的阻尼调整系数和Kowalsky方法进行基于位移的抗震设计. 相似文献