生物膜处理技术的研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴会中  单欣  赵琛琛 《中国勘察设计》2005,(11):52-54

本文综述了生物膜技术的发展概况及其传质理论,并且对各种类型生物膜反应器的应用和发展作了简要论述,最后提出了生物膜技术的发展方向。  相似文献   

光裸方格星虫增养殖对滩涂底质的影响     

李俊伟  颉晓勇  郭永坚  朱长波  陈素文  丁贤  李婷  陈振国 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(1):37-44

基于2016年春、秋两个季节的现场实验数据, 研究光裸方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus)滩涂增养殖对滩涂底质的影响。实验对方格星虫单养区(S组)、方格星虫-贝类混养区(P组)和无星虫对照区(C组)进行了有机质、粒径组成、氧化还原电位(ORP)等指标测定, 结果表明: 1) 秋季S组20~30cm层次有机质含量和细沙比例均显著高于春季, 而C组仅表层物质有所增加, 表明方格星虫具有较强的表层物质迁移能力, 且其迁移深度为20~30cm。2) 秋季C组各层氧化还原电位值(ORP)均无明显降低趋势, 而S组仅10~20cm层次有一定程度降低, 表明方格星虫增养殖并不会明显降低滩涂底质状况。3) P组各层有机质以及细沙含量增加, 表明皱肋文蛤的过滤沉积作用可以提高滩涂颗粒物质的积累, 且方格星虫混养会加速颗粒物质的向下迁移; P组皱肋文蛤的栖息层次(0~3cm、3~10cm) ORP明显低于S组(p<0.05), 表明高密度的皱肋文蛤代谢活动会加剧0~10cm的底质恶化。4) 方格星虫与皱肋文蛤具有生态互补作用, 在同一区域进行增养殖可以提高滩涂物质利用率及碳汇功能; 方格星虫扰动引入富氧水可以缓解皱肋文蛤栖息层次的底质。  相似文献   

致病性副溶血弧菌生物膜形成特性研究     

陈珍  覃映雪  邹文政  徐晓津  邢颜丽  鄢庆枇 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):110-116

采用改良的微孔板法测定了12株弧菌的形成生物膜的效果,选择形成生物膜效果最好的副溶血弧菌ND-02,进一步研究了环境因子对其生物膜形成的影响。实验结果显示副溶血弧菌ND-02菌株在静置培养24~36 h后形成成熟的生物膜,在起始菌浓度为10⁷~10⁸CFU/mL形成生物膜的量最大;在30 ℃,NaCl浓度为3%~ 5%,pH偏弱碱性时的生物膜OD₅₉₀值最大;Ca²⁺ 促进副溶血弧菌生物膜的形成,而Mg²⁺ 抑制生物膜的形成;副溶血弧菌在分别经大黄鱼表皮黏液、肠黏液和肝脏提取液包被的的基质上形成生物膜的作用明显,鳃黏液和脾脏提取液中次之,肌肉提取液包被后生物膜形成量最低。以上结果表明,副溶血弧菌ND-02菌株能形成稳定而明显的生物膜,而且生物膜的形成受温度、NaCl浓度、pH值等环境因子的影响。  相似文献   

Chemical variation from biolipids to sedimentary organic matter in modern oceans and its implication to the geobiological evaluation of ancient hydrocarbon source rocks     

Wang Hongmei  Ma Xiangru  Liu Deng  Yang Xiaofen  Li Jihong 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2007,1(4):399-404

Understanding the dynamics of organic matter in modern marine water columns greatly favors the geobiological evaluation of hydrocarbon source rocks. Biolipids could make great contribution to petroleum hydrocarbons due to their comparable chemical components and the slightly refractory characteristics of biolipids during the microbial/thermal degradation. A variety of environmental factors such as temperature, CO₂ and salinity could affect the biochemical contents in microorganisms. As a result, microorganisms living in a changing environmental condition might have a different contribution to the petroleum formation. Organic carbon flux is shown to bear a positive correlation with the primary productivity only within a certain range of biomass volumes in a specific biohabitat. Furthermore, organic matter is degraded much quickly in a water column with oxic conditions. Therefore, the anoxic condition, along with the enhanced biological productivity, would be one of the significant factors in the formation of high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks. The formation of biofilms and microbial mats favors the preservation of sedimentary organic matter by decreasing the degradation rate of organic matter. Identification of biofilms and microbial mats in sedimentary rocks will thus greatly help to understand the depositional processes of organic matter finally preserved in hydrocarbon source rocks. __________ Translated from Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences, 2007, 32(6): 748–754 [译自: 地球科学—中国地质大学学报  相似文献   

弹性填料处理河道污水实验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程洪  黄伟  莫斌  雷金勇  余谦  徐文炘 《矿产与地质》2006,20(2):174-177

采用弹性填料曝气生物膜法对污染的河道水体进行处理的实验研究,结果表明,在2m/h的流速、水温为16℃~18℃、气水比为1∶1的条件下,采用弹性填料的生物膜处理系统运转正常,不易发生堵塞或系统短流,系统此时的水力停留时间为3.5h左右,污水中的COD和NH3-N去除率稳定,其均值分别为49.4%和19.1%。  相似文献   

生物膜“细菌-藻类”协同系统改良淡水池塘养殖水质与沉积物的效果研究     

江兴龙  邓来富 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):603-610

采用池塘中设置生物膜净水栅对比实验的方法,在8口土池开展生物膜"细菌-藻类"协同系统改良池塘养殖水质与沉积物的效果、对苗种培育效果的影响及其相关机理等的研究。结果表明,在142d的养殖期间,处理组比对照组节水减排达65.1%,具有极显著差异(P0.01);处理组水质的p H、总氮和亚硝酸盐氮分别极显著低于对照组3.7%、31.3%和38.7%(P0.01),氨氮、总磷、活性磷和硫化物分别显著低于对照组25.6%、41.6%、37.8%和27.9%(P0.05);弧菌数和藻类密度极显著低于对照组63.1%和51.3%,硅藻相对密度极显著高于对照组93.7%;细菌总数显著高于对照组50.8%,蓝藻相对密度显著低于对照组16.6%;处理组的藻类生物均匀度指数显著高于对照组8.9%;生物膜上的细菌总数高达1.30×109 CFU/g,而弧菌数为零;处理组池塘沉积物的氧化还原电位显著高于对照组30.5%,硫化物浓度显著低于对照组47.0%;草鱼苗种起捕规格、成活率、产量和生长速度分别显著高于对照组24.6%、4.3%、29.8%和28.6%,饲料系数极显著低于对照组15.6%,处理组每公顷池塘培育草鱼大规格鱼种可增加净利润约1.92万元。  相似文献   

中国北部黄海近岸水体周丛硅藻的群落群集动态特征的研究     

Liu Yuanyuan  Zhang Wei  Xu Henglong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(9):160-165

The colonization features of periphytic diatoms were studied in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China from May to June 2010, using glass slides as an artificial substratum. Samples were collected at a time interval of 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 d from two depths of 1 and 3 m. The dynamics of diatom colonization process had a similar pattern in community structure and fitted the logistic model in growth curve at both depths. The maximum abundance and the time for reaching 50% maximum abundance （10 d） showed no significant differences （P〉0.05） between two depths 1 and 3 m. Although the diatom communities repre- sented similar taxonomic composition, they differed in the temporal pattern of structural parameters and in succession dynamics of dominant species between the two layers. The species richness showed significantly higher values during the colonization period more than 14 d, while the species diversity and evenness rep- resented a higher variability with significantly different values （P〈0.05） at a depth of 1 m than at a deeper layer. The results suggest that the diatom colonization follows the logistic model growth curve and differs in colonization features between different depths in the coastal waters, and that the sampling strategy at i m is more effective to detect the ecological features for bioassessment in marine ecosystems.  相似文献   

Changes in the critical erosion velocity for sediment colonized by biofilm     

Hongwei Fang  Qianqian Shang  Minghong Chen  Guojian He 《Sedimentology》2014,61(3):648-659

In flowing water the incipient motion of sediment can be affected by the presence of microbial biofilm growth. This article documents a series of flume experiments using non‐uniform sediments, in which sediment entrainment was investigated for cases where the sediment was immersed in deionized water, so that no biofilm developed, and for cases where a bio‐sediment was cultivated by placing the sediment in a mixture of natural water and nutrient solution. Differences in entrainment and the velocity at incipient motion were measured over an eight week period, as biofilm grew. It was found that the incipient motion phenomena were quite distinct between the two kinds of sediment. Sediment with biofilm was more stable and, over time, incipient velocity increased to a threshold level, before declining. Biofilm development is clearly an important control on the stability of sediments, especially in eutrophic water bodies. Two incipient velocity formulas were derived for sliding and rolling conditions. Film water theory was utilized to describe the cohesive force between sediment particles and the adhesive force generated by biofilm was introduced into the formula derivation; the time variation characteristics of biofilm strength and the features of the substrate were also taken into consideration. Such analyses can help to predict sediment transport changes due to biofilm presence in nutrient‐rich water bodies.  相似文献   

浮床无土栽培植物控制池塘富营养化水质   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

邴旭文  陈家长 《广东海洋大学学报》2001,21(3):29-33

采用浮床无土栽培技术,在池塘水面种植景观植物--陆生植物美人蕉(Cana generalis  相似文献   

辽东半岛复州湾剖面寒武系第二统光合作用生物膜建造的核形石          下载免费PDF全文

梅冥相  Muhammad Riaz  刘丽  孟庆芬 《古地理学报》2019,21(1):31-48

作为一种经常大于鲕粒的包覆颗粒类型,核形石以其不平滑的圈层被解释为微生物成因,区别于成因存在较大争议的鲕粒,而且常与鲕粒和其他类型的碳酸盐颗粒相互共生;作为一种在围绕着生物碎屑和非生物碎屑核心的序列式纹层化作用过程中形成的球形或假球型生物沉积构造,核形石还常常单独产出和分布,所以又被解释为微生物碳酸盐岩,或者被归为球状叠层石。在辽东半岛寒武系第二统碱厂组和馒头组之中,厘米级别大小的核形石密集发育在三级层序的顶部,成为一种时间特化的相。另外,以下重要特征将辽东半岛寒武系第二统的核形石特征化,包括:(1)与凝块和微凝块共生;(2)多为球状和椭球状;(3)由不均一的非纹层状致密泥晶和微亮晶构成;(4)核形石皮层以及核形石间凝块中发育特别的蓝细菌鞘钙化化石等。尽管穿越成岩作用过滤器去解释古代核形石复杂的形成机理存在着巨大的挑战,也尽管形成这些核形石的复杂生物膜钙化作用细节需要更加深入地研究才能得到更好地了解,但是,辽东半岛第二统碱厂组和馒头组核形石中直接的微生物化石证据,尤其是核形石内较为丰富的钙化蓝细菌鞘化石,使其成为一个了解光合作用生物膜建造核形石的典型实例。  相似文献