中国对虾血细胞酶细胞化学的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘晓云  张志峰  马洪明 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2002,32(2):259-265

运用电镜酶细胞化学技术 ,对中国对虾 (Penaeus chinensis)的血细胞和血清中的酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化物酶的酶活性部位进行标记。实验结果显示 :酚氧化酶主要以酶原形式存在于大颗粒细胞的颗粒体中 ,酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶以酶原形式存在于小颗粒细胞的颗粒体中。健康虾和患病虾血细胞中酶活性的表现形式不尽相同 ,在病理情况下 ,颗粒细胞能以细胞解体的方式 ,排出细胞内的颗粒 ,转化成有活性的酶 ,以此提高血淋巴中这几种酶的活性。透明细胞可以吞噬排放颗粒后的颗粒细胞 ,透明细胞中由高尔基体合成的酸性磷酸酶等溶酶体酶主要用于透明细胞的细胞内消化作用。研究认为 :3种血细胞因含有不同的免疫酶以及酶的作用方式不同而具有不同的免疫功能  相似文献   

Implications from a field study regarding the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and glutathione S-transferase activity in mussels     

B. T. G. Gowland  A. D. McIntosh  I. M. Davies  C. F. Moffat  L. Webster 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5)

An aluminium smelter on the west coast of Scotland discharges an aqueous effluent containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) at the head of Loch Leven. The loch also supports two mussel (Mytilus edulis) farms. Data are presented on burdens of PAHs in the soft tissues of mussels and the effect of these contaminants on glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in mussel hepatopancreas. GST activity is shown to be correlated with total PAH burden and also with the concentrations of certain individual PAHs. These field data show that high molecular weight PAHs are closely correlated to GST activity, whereas low molecular weight PAHs are not. This suggests that 5- and 6-ring PAHs have a more pronounced role than 2- to 4-ring compounds in inducing GST activity in mussels from Loch Leven. It is proposed that it may be more appropriate to link GST activity with 5- and 6-ring compounds only, rather than with the total PAH burden.  相似文献   

Response of antioxidant systems to copper in the gills of the clam Ruditapes decussatus     

Florence Geret  Angela Serafim  Luisa Barreira  Maria Joo Bebianno 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5)

Copper (Cu) is an essential element for biological systems, however, when present in excess, is toxic. Metallothioneins can play an important role in Cu homeostasis and detoxification. Moreover, Cu can catalyse the production of toxic hydroxyl radicals that cause lipid peroxidation but defence systems in the cells can limit the oxidative damage. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of three Cu concentrations (0.5, 2.5 and 25 μg l⁻¹) on the response of antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), selenium-dependent glutathion peroxidase and total glutathion peroxidase), total proteins, metallothioneins (MT), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the gills of the clam, Ruditapes decussatus. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and total proteins, MT and MDA concentrations were measured in the gills of the clams after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of Cu exposure. Results indicate that Cu only induces an imbalance in the oxygen metabolism during the first week of Cu exposure due to a decrease in mitochondrial SOD and CAT, selenium-dependent and total glutathion peroxidase activities. Cu also causes lipid peroxidation, measured by the MDA formation, that was Cu dependent. In the gills of clams exposed to 25 μg Cu/l, the excess of Cu triggers the induction of MT synthesis after 3 days of exposure.  相似文献   

Dissolved Humic Substances Can Directly Affect Freshwater Organisms     

Stephan Pflugmacher  Linda Fay Tidwell  Christian E. W. Steinberg 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2001,29(1):34-40

Direct effects of pure humic substance (BS1 FA) on three different aquatic organisms (Ceratophyllum demersum, Dreissena polymorpha, and Chaetogammarus ischnus) were demonstrated in this study. Exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (0.5 mg/L) of this humic substance led to the activation of the microsomal and soluble glutathione S‐transferase (GST) in Ceratophyllum demersum. Exposure to 3‐chlorobiphenyl showed also an elevation of GST activity, which is due to the proposed detoxication metabolism of these chlorinated biphenyl. Coexposure to a mixture of 3‐chlorobiphenyl and BS1 FA showed a reduction of enzyme elevation, but still significant over an untreated control. The direct impact of humic substances seems not to be restricted to a specific class of organisms.  相似文献   

STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SELENIUM-ENRICHED MUSSEL EXTRACT     

毛文君  李虢  李八方  刘玉华 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1997,15(4):304-307

ThisworksupportedbytheScienceandTechnologyCommitteeofShandongProvince.Grant(95)50.INTRODUCTIONManyinvestigationsindicatalthatsupplementation0fsuitableseleniumleveIstolowordefidentinseleniumdietcanpreventoccurrenceofvarioustumots(Chen,l990),enhanceorganisminimneability(Wu,l992),maintainthenormalfunCtion0fheart,liv-er,lungandstomach(Schwarzetal,l957),andisgoodpareuti0nsagainstcardiovascularandcerebrovascu1arproblemsinoldpeople.Seleniumisanessentialtraeeelernentfornonnalhumanlife(Balassa…  相似文献   

采用SDS研究泥蚶血红蛋白(Tg-HbⅡ)具有过氧化物酶及抗菌活性的结构基础     

濮丽丽  王诗怡  林志华  王素芳  包永波 《海洋科学》2024,48(2):24-31

泥蚶血红蛋白(Tg-HbⅡ)除了具有携氧功能外,还具有过氧化物酶活性和抗菌活性。本文采用分光光度法、光谱法和分子对接等技术研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对Tg-HbⅡ的结构、过氧化物酶活性及抗菌活性的影响,以探讨Tg-HbⅡ具有过氧化物酶活性及抗菌活性的结构基础。研究结果显示,SDS的疏水烷基长链可嵌入到Tg-HbⅡ血红素口袋内部,与近端His104形成氢键,断裂血红素铁与His104的配位键,使Tg-HbⅡ的Soret带吸收峰降低并发生位移;此外,SDS还可与血红素口袋中的氨基酸形成疏水相互作用,改变血红素口袋原有结构,使得部分疏水氨基酸暴露,导致外源荧光强度增强,最大发射波长红移。SDS可以抑制Tg-HbⅡ的过氧化物酶活性,当SDS浓度为2 mmol•L^–1时,Tg-HbⅡ的酶活性仅为原来的20%,在琼脂扩散实验中失去对枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌活性。以上结果表明,SDS通过破坏血红素口袋的内部结构抑制Tg-HbⅡ的过氧化物酶活性,使其失去抗菌活性,血红素疏水口袋是Tg-HbⅡ具有过氧化物酶活性和抗菌活性的关键结构。本研究为进一步研究Tg-HbⅡ的抗菌机理奠定基础。  相似文献   

Acute effects of heavy metals on the expression of glutathione-related antioxidant genes in the marine ciliate Euplotes crassus     

Se-Hun Kim  Se-Joo Kim  Jae-Seong Lee  Young-Mi Lee 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

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氨氮胁迫对拟穴青蟹组织器官中SOD及GPX活性的影响     

曾媛媛  蒋云霞  艾春香 《台湾海峡》2011,30(2):210-215

采用实验生态学的方法,探讨海水中分别添加氨氮（以氯化铵作为氨氮源）0（对照组,C0组）、10（C10组）、20（C20组）、30（C30组）、40 mg/dm3（C40组）,胁迫24、48、72、96 h对拟穴青蟹（Scylla paramamosain）各组织器官中SOD、GPX活性的影响.结果表明,拟穴青蟹鳃中SOD活性,除C40组外,其余各组在胁迫24、48 h随氨氮含量升高而升高,胁迫72、96 h则随氨氮含量升高而下降（p〈0.05）,C40组的则随胁迫时间延长而一直呈下降趋势;各组拟穴青蟹鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉的SOD活性变化趋势相同,鳃和肌肉SOD活性最高均出现在胁迫48 h,肝胰腺SOD活性最高则在胁迫72 h.各组拟穴青蟹鳃GPX活性在胁迫24、48和72 h随氨氮含量升高而下降,胁迫96 h随氨氮含量升高而增大;各组拟穴青蟹肝胰腺和肌肉GPX活性变化与肝胰腺SOD活性变化趋势相似,胁迫48 h,C40组拟穴青蟹肝胰腺GPX活性最高.氨氮胁迫显著影响拟穴青蟹生理效应.  相似文献   

丙溴磷对二种海洋微藻的GPx活性及GSH、CAR含量的影响   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

谢荣  唐学玺  李永祺  王悠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(4)

实验以三角褐指藻和青岛大扁藻为材料 ,进行了丙溴磷农药对海洋微藻的抗氧化防御系统成份— GPx(glutatione Peroxidase)活性和 GSH(glutathione)、CAR(carotinoid)含量的影响研究 ,结果表明 ,在丙溴磷胁迫下 ,微藻的 GPx活性呈现下降趋势 ,GSH和 CAR含量也表现为下降趋势 ,并且胁迫的时间越长、胁迫的强度越大它们下降的幅度也越大。因此微藻细胞对抗氧化防御系统的能力被削弱 ,从而可能导致活性氧在体内的过量产生与积累 ,进而对藻细胞造成更大的伤害。  相似文献   

太平洋深海沉积物来源的菌株Tenacibaculum sp.HMG1对孔雀石绿降解特性的研究     

曲武  洪国粦  赵晶 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(6):104-111

本文在太平洋深海沉积物中分离得到一株孔雀石绿降解菌株,鉴定命名为Tenacibaculum sp.HMG1。通过菌株生长实验和高效液相色谱的研究表明, HMG1菌株可以在20 mg/L的孔雀石绿中维持较快的生长速率,并且在12 h内可降解98.8%的孔雀石绿,这证明该菌株具有很高的孔雀石绿耐受能力和降解活性。通过基因组测序在HMG1菌株发现一条过氧化物酶基因可能参与了孔雀石绿的降解,随后利用原核表达获得了相应的重组蛋白。实验表明,该重组过氧化物酶具有极强的活性,可在1000 mg/L的孔雀石绿中发挥降解功能。本文利用液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS）技术对孔雀石绿的菌株降解产物和重组酶降解产物进行鉴定,并基于鉴定结果推测了两种降解途径。结果发现两种降解方式存在共同的降解途径。此外,孔雀石绿降解条件的实验结果证明重组过氧化物酶可以在低温（20℃）、复杂的pH值（6.0–9.0）、高盐度（100 mmol/L）、金属离子和EDTA等反应条件下依旧维持很高的孔雀石绿降解活性。以上实验结果表明,HMG1菌株和重组过氧化物酶均在孔雀石绿污染生物修复方面具有很大潜力。  相似文献