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1.
为从海洋微生物中获取天然α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性(α-glucosidase inhibiting,α-GI)化合物,对一株前期研究发现具有α-GI活性的细菌进行鉴定和培养条件优化,并对其代谢产物进行分离,获取和鉴定其活性化合物。通过形态学观察和16S r DNA测序鉴定活性菌株HY95为波茨坦短芽孢杆菌(Brevibacillus borstelensis);采用分析单因素和正交试验选取菌株的最佳培养条件为:2.5%(V/V)的接种量,130 r/min的摇床转速,28℃恒温培养60 h。经优化后的MB培养基中:蛋白胨5.00 g/L,酵母粉1.50g/L、氯化钠9.725 g/L,pH 7.5;以生物活性测试为导向,用化学方法(薄层色谱、高效液相色谱)对其中的活性组分进行分离纯化,并经核磁共振氢谱分析确定得到一个α-GI活性化合为环(苯丙氨酸-酪氨酸),其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率为53.72%±4.92%。为α-GI活性化合物的筛选提供了一个极有开发前景的途径和来源。 相似文献
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从微泡菌属AG1（Microbulbifer sp. AG1）克隆得到1302 bp大小的琼胶酶基因，该基因编码产物为一个成熟蛋白（413个氨基酸残基）外加一个信号肽（20个残基）。将不含信号肽片段的琼胶酶在E. coli BL21 （DE3）中进行了异源表达和纯化。使用琼脂糖作为底物，该重组琼胶酶的最适反应温度和pH分别为60℃和7.5。该重组酶表现出优良的热稳定性，在50℃和60℃下处理1 h，重组琼胶酶仍能分别保持67%和19%的残余酶活力。除了SDS，重组琼胶酶对于其他测试的抑制剂、去垢剂和尿素变性剂有着较好的抗性。利用薄层色谱和以对硝基苯-α/β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷为底物的酶活力分析结果表明，该重组琼胶酶为β型琼胶酶，它水解琼脂糖的主要终产物为新琼四糖，而且不同聚合度的酶解产物具有抗氧化活性。 相似文献
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蒽、菲、芘、■混合液对菲律宾蛤仔抗氧化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）为研究对象，在实验生态条件下采用不同浓度的蒽（Fluoranthene）、菲（Phenaphthene）、芘（Pyrene）、[艹屈]（chrysene）混合液进行染毒实验，研究菲律宾蛤仔体内超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）和谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase，GPx）的剂量-效应关系和时间-效应关系。实验的3种混合液浓度为5μg／L（低浓度组），50μg/L（中浓度组），500μg／L（高浓度组）。结果表明，在低浓度混合液下（5μg／L），CAT比SOD和GPx更快受到诱导；4种多环芳烃混合污染物对SOD、CAT和GPx活性的影响均为先诱导后抑制的变化过程。 相似文献
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本研究采用硅胶柱层析、高效液相色谱等方法对深海真菌Aspergillus puniceus A2发酵产物进行了化学成分分离纯化,通过核磁共振等现代波谱学方法,同时结合相关文献进行数据分析,鉴定化合物的结构。从A. puniceus A2中分离鉴定出6个呫吨酮并双呋喃环类化合物,化学结构分别确定为Austocystin I（1）、Austocystin G（2）、6 methoxyl Austocystin A（3）、Austocystin F（4）、F02ZA 1593B2（5）、Austocystin A（6）,化合物1~6均为首次从该真菌中分离得到。通过细胞毒性和抗炎活性评价发现化合物1、2、4和6在20 μmol/L浓度时,对肝星状细胞LX2显示出毒性作用,提示其可能有抗肝纤维化的作用；化合物2、3、5和6在20 μmol/L浓度时,能显著抑制LPS诱导小鼠单核巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞分泌NO,显示出一定的抗炎活性。 相似文献
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从近岸海水养殖环境中分离获得一株能高效降解氯氰菊酯(Cypermethrin,CYP)和溴氰菊酯(Deltamethrin,DEL)的菌株HS-10,经生理生化和16S rDNA分析,初步鉴定其为假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalteromonas sp.)。不同降解条件下的实验结果表明,菌株HS-10在pH 7.0、温度28°C的环境中具有较好的生长和降解效率,在该条件下,对初始浓度为100mg/L的CYP和DEL的降解效率分别为75.6%和90.9%。进一步采用发光细菌和核磁共振(NMR)方法对菌株HS-10的降解产物进行分析,结果表明,CYP和DEL主要通过微生物降解消除,其降解产物的毒性显著降低。同时,考察了菌株HS-10对氯氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯、联苯菊酯(BIF)、氟氯氰菊酯(CYF)和氰戊菊酯(FEN)5种拟除虫菊酯类农药(浓度分别为100mg/L)的降解效率,结果表明,对5种农药的降解率均达到50%以上,本研究获得的菌株HS-10可用于海水养殖环境中拟除虫菊酯类农药残留污染的生物修复。 相似文献
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孔雀石绿及其代谢物无色孔雀石绿在鲫鱼肌肉中的代谢规律 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
研究了孔雀石绿及其主要代谢物无色孔雀石绿在鲫鱼肌肉组织内的残留消除趋势。对鲫鱼以200 ng/mL浓度孔雀石绿进行药浴1 h,取肌肉采用高效液相色谱法测定孔雀石绿及代谢物无色孔雀石绿的残留状况。结果表明,孔雀石绿代谢相对较快。代谢产物无色孔雀石绿残留时间较长,可以作为检测的标志物。 相似文献
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目的：建立基于高效液相色谱串联四级杆飞行时间质谱技术（HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）的安化黑茶抗氧化活性成分快速筛选和鉴别的方法，并对安化黑茶生茶及熟茶的抗氧化活性成分分别进行检测和分析。方法：采用Inertsil ODS-2C18色谱柱（250mm×4.6mm，5μm）反相HPLC梯度洗脱法分离各主要成分，在负离子模式下，利用四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱对各主要活性成分进行检测；进而在安化黑茶生茶及熟茶乙酸乙酯及正丁醇部位分别加入适量1，1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼（DPPH）作为实验组，避光室温反应30min后经液质联用分析，并与不加入DPPH的空白组物质进行比较，快速发现其活性成分；并采用对照品、文献比对、质谱裂解规律分析鉴定生茶、熟茶的抗氧化活性成分。结果：依据质谱裂解规律及文献检索，从安化黑茶生茶乙酸乙酯部位中共鉴定出32个抗氧化活性成分，从生茶正丁醇部位中共鉴定出28个抗氧化活性成分；从熟茶乙酸乙酯部位中共鉴定出31个抗氧化活性成分，从熟茶正丁醇部位中共鉴定出26个抗氧化活性成分。结论：利用DPPH-HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS技术快速筛选和鉴别安化黑茶中抗氧化活性成分的有效方法，为其质量控制及物质基础研究提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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从一株海洋假单胞菌中分离制备出一种具有纤溶活性的酶 ,对其酶学性质进行实验研究结果显示 :该酶的分子量是 2 1k D,等电点是 7.4～ 7.5 ;最适作用 p H是 8.0 ,最适作用温度是 5 0℃。该酶具有降解苯甲酰 - L -精氨酸乙酯盐酸盐 (BAEE)的活性 ,酶的动力学分析表明 :Km =0 .87mmol/ L,Vmax=1.80× 10 -3 mmol/ L s-1。 相似文献
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高效硝化与反硝化功能菌株的分离筛选及其性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究利用选择培养基从鳗鲡精养殖池和循环水水处理系统中分离筛选出二株脱氮细菌，应用16S rRNA分子生物学鉴定，确定菌株的种属。菌株NB-1属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）、菌株DB-1是恶臭假单胞菌（Pseudomonas putida）。对菌株硝化及反硝化作用性能的研究结果表明：菌株NB-1具有良好的亚硝化及硝化作用性能，在投菌量为0.025%时，氨氮降解率为69.5%，亚硝酸盐氮降解率为99.2%。菌株DB-1在厌氧条件下表现出良好的反硝化作用性能，最适投菌量为0.6%，最佳C/N为12，对硝酸盐氮的降解率为94.6%，对总氮的降解率为64.0%。因此本研究筛选出的二株脱氮细菌可以广泛应用于养殖水体水质调控，具有良好的市场应用前景。 相似文献
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One strain of unicellular greenish algae embedded by mucilage was successfully isolated from equatorial area in the Indian Ocean. Microscopic observation, ultrastructure features and genetic identification confirmed that the strain was closely related to Cyanothece sp., which was a cyanobacteria species with great ecological significance.Cells were solitary with oval or bacilliform shapes. Diameters of this strain were relatively small, ranging from 2.5 to 6.5 μm on average. Ultrastructure of cells was simple. Thylakoids were arranged parietal and keritomized content were observed in the thylakoid region. Various electron-transparent granules with low electron-dense region as well as cyanophycin or glycogen granules-like organelle and carbonxysomes were also observed. For pigment composition, the dominant pigments were chlorophyll a, β-Carotene, Zeaxanthin and an unknown pigment, contributing 23.8%, 26.1%, 14.7% and 15.7% to total pigments respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of16 S rRNA gene and nif H gene confirmed that Strain EIO409 was closely related with Cyanothece sp.. 相似文献
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The present work aimed to study the influence of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) on pigment content (chlorophyll a and pheophytin) in sediment traps on the basis of experimental data. The marine microalgal cultures of Conticribra weissflogii (Mediophyceae), Tetraselmis viridis (Chlorodendrophyceae), Amphidinium carterae (Dinophyceae), Nannochloropsis sp. (Eustigmatophyceae) were used. The obtained results revealed that the influence of mercury on pigment content as well as on photosynthetic activity was different in different species. The considerable decrease in phytopigments content was observed in Amphidinium carterae and Conticribra weissflogii, while the proportion of pheophytin increased. The pigment content of Tetraselmis viridis was not different from the control line, while for Nannochloropsis sp. the increase in pigment concentration was noticed. The complete immediate inhibition of photosynthetic activity was observed in Conticribra weissflogii, Tetraselmis viridis, Amphidinium carterae, while Nannochloropsis sp. responded only after 24 h of exposition. The pigment degradation rate was almost the same for diatoms and dinoflagellates. The equation for estimating the phytopigments content in sediment traps, that takes into consideration the exposition time, is proposed. 相似文献
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As a major aldehyde pollutant widely existing in industry and our daily life, acetaldehyde is more and more harmful to human health. As characteristic habitat niche, bacteria from deep sea environments are abundant and distinctive in heredity, physiology and ecological functions. Thus, the development of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria from deep sea provides a new method to harness acetaldehyde pollutant. Firstly, in this study,acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria in the deep sea water of the West Pacific Ocean were enriched in situ and in the laboratory respectively, and then the diversity of uncultured bacteria was studied by using 16 S r RNA genes. Then acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from two samples, including enrichment in situ and enrichment in laboratory samples of deep sea water from the West Pacific Ocean using acetaldehyde as the sole carbon source,and then the ability of acetaldehyde degradation was detected. Our results showed that the main uncultured bacteria of two samples with different enrichment approaches were similar, including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, but the structure of bacterial community were significant different.Four subgroups, α, γ, δ and ε, were found in Proteobacteria group. The γ-Proteobacteria was dominant(63.5%clones in laboratory enriched sample, 75% clones in situ enriched sample). The species belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and their proportion was nearly identical between the two enrichment samples, and Vibrio was the predominant genus(45% in laboratory enriched sample, 48.5% in situ enriched sample), followed by Halomonas(9% in situ enriched sample) and Streptococcus(6% in laboratory enriched sample). A total of 12 acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from the two samples, which belonged to Vibrio, Halomonas,Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus of γ-Proteobacteria. Strains ACH-L-5, ACH-L-8 and ACH-S-12,belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas, have strong ability of acetaldehyde degradation, which could tolerate 1.5 g/L acetaldehyde and degrade 350 mg/L acetaldehyde within 24 hours. Our results indicated that bacteria of γ-Proteobacteria may play an important role in carbon cycle of deep sea environments, especial the bacteria belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas and these strains was suggested for their potentials in government of aldehyde pollutants. 相似文献
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本文描述了采自南麂列岛小柴屿岩相潮间带的一海洋底栖硅藻新种，南麂侧链藻（Pleurosira nanjiensis sp.nov.）。本研究使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对该种进行了形态学观察，并基于SSU rRNA和rbcL基因重建了其系统发育关系。南麂侧链藻具有壳面橄榄形、椭圆形或圆形，壳面隆起，单眼突出于壳表面，2–3个唇状突（rimportulae），放射排列的线纹等特征，区别于其他侧链藻。 相似文献
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2015年5月，我们从天津近海分离出一株黄绿色具鞭毛的单细胞藻。这珠藻细胞形态不规则，从圆形到细长型都有出现。绝大多数细胞具有很强的运动能力，一些细胞也可以形成静止的群体。结合形态学、超显微结构观察以及分子生物学分析，我们将这株藻鉴定为定鞭藻门，巴夫藻纲的膨胀巴夫藻。在此之前，中国近海只有绿色巴夫藻的记录，绿色巴夫藻对于水产养殖起到了很重要的作用。巴夫藻纲的其他物种尚无中国海记录。这是膨胀巴夫藻在中国海的首次记录。 相似文献
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The distribution of phytoplankton and its correlation with environmental factors were studied monthly during August 2012 to July 2013 in the Yantian Bay. A total of 147 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, and the average abundance was in the range of 0.57×10~4 to 7.73×10~4 cell/L. A total of 19 species dominated the phytoplankton assemblages, and several species that are widely reported to be responsible for microalgae blooms were the absolutely dominant species, such as Skeletonema costatum, Navicula sp., Thalassionema nitzschioides,Pleurosigma sp., and Licmophora abbreviata. The monthly variabilities in phytoplankton abundance could be explained by water temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity, dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN), and suspended solids. The results of a redundancy analysis showed that p H and nutrients, including DIN and silicate(SiO_4), were the most important environmental factors controlling phytoplankton assemblages in specific months. It was found that nutrients and pH levels that were mainly influenced by mariculture played a vital role in influencing the variation of phytoplankton assemblages in the Yantian Bay. Thus, a reduction of mariculture activities would be an effective way to control microalgae blooms in an enclosed and intensively eutrophic bay. 相似文献
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西南大西洋阿根廷滑柔鱼，Illex argentinus，巴塔哥尼亚南部群体是重要的经济种类。海洋环境因子在柔鱼资源分布中起着重要的作用。本研究利用基于环境因子的动态产量模型评估2000-2010年的滑柔鱼的资源量。假设海洋环境因子（滑柔鱼产卵场最适宜海表温度占比）影响动态产量模型的参数K，DIC值表明在正态分布和均匀分布下均是基于环境因子的评估模型优于基本的动态产量模型。阿根廷滑柔鱼的最大可持续产量（MSY）在351600吨到685 100吨之间，资源生物量在1322400吨到1 803 000吨之间，其捕捞死亡系数均小于F0.1和FMSY，资源处在良好状态，没有遭受过度捕捞。本研究为应用环境因子在柔鱼类的资源评估与管理提中供了科学的参考方法。 相似文献
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Ok Hwan Yu Hyung-Gon Lee Dongsung Kim Jin Hee Wi Kyeong Hong Kim Chan Min Yoo 《Ocean Science Journal》2018,53(2):301-314
Macrofauna in the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone remain poorly understood, due both to gross undersampling and to the fact that most species collected from the area are new to science. Evaluation of the diversity and species distribution of the benthic fauna in this area is critical to predicting and managing the impacts of manganese nodule mining. In this study, we investigated the distribution of macrofauna to understand the natural variability in the macrobenthic community and, by extension, to establish a baseline for environmental risk assessment. Samples were collected from the KR5 block of the Korea Contract Area, within the abyssal area of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, by the RV Onnuri from 2012–2014. A total of 36 core samples were examined in the survey, from which we identified 183 macrobenthic species in 25 faunal groups with a mean density of 257 ind/m2. Not taking into account meio-faunal groups such as nematodes and harpacticoid copepods, the highest percentage of individuals was represented by Arthropoda. The dominant species (> 1% of total density) were the tanaids Typhlotanais sp.1, and Akanthophoreus spp. and Stenotanais sp., the isopod Macrostylis sp.1, and the polychaetes Cirratulidae spp. and Levinsenia uncinata. The abundances of the two dominant species, the tanaid Typhlotanais sp1. and isopod Macrostylis sp.1., were positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC). There were no differences in macrofaunal density and community structure between preserved areas (PRA), the potential benthic impacted site (BIS), and other areas near the BIS. In general, higher diversity was associated with homogeneous environmental conditions, with high nodule coverage (> 50%) and TOC. 相似文献
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中蚓虫是小头虫科较为常见的属，中国海区的样品过去常被鉴定为加洲中蚓虫Mediomastus californiensis Hartman。本研究中，来自东南沿海四个不同海区的118条中蚓虫样品被鉴定为一个新的种类，在此给出具体描述。这个新种具有如下特征：（1）第1至9刚节表皮双环型，刚毛束位于体节中间位置，而后的刚节多环型，刚毛束位于体节后半部；（2）后腹区具有疣足突起；（3）前4个胸刚节仅具双羽型翅毛状刚毛，其它体节仅具巾钩刚毛；（4）胸区巾钩刚毛的柄长且直，巾长为宽的3至5倍；（5）腹区巾钩刚毛不同于胸区，较短且具收缩部；（6）甲基绿染色模式独特。这个研究表明了中国海区的中蚓虫可能被误鉴定为加洲中蚓虫，而这个新种M.chinensis sp.nov.在东南沿海广为分布。 相似文献
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创伤弧菌是一种可感染人类的河口病原菌。建立快速，特异而敏感的检测方法，有助于创伤弧菌感染的早期疾病诊断和及时治疗。本研究设计了针对vvhA基因的一系列引物（包括两对外部引物和两对内部引物），采用环介导等温扩增技术（LAMP）来检测创伤弧菌。结果显示，本方法的最适扩增温度是63℃，反应仅需35分钟。扩增产物不仅可以用含有DNA ladder的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检出，也可借助钙黄绿素直接肉眼观察。采用45株菌株检测该方法的特异性，其中所有创伤弧菌均被检出而其他菌株检测结果皆为阴性。本方法的敏感性是普通PCR扩增的100倍，同时利用该方法可以准确检测出所有的模拟样品、临床标本及环境样品。与其他已知方法比较，针对vvhA基因的介导等温扩增技术可以快速、简单、敏感及特异地鉴定创伤弧菌。 相似文献