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1.
东太平洋柱状沉积物的古气候和古环境记录 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
太平洋深海盆地的远洋沉积物在物质组成和来源上远较大陆边缘简单.由于远离大陆,又有海沟与周边大陆分隔,太平洋深海沉积物中通常不包含由河流水系搬运而来的悬浮物,因此从深海沉积物中提取古气候、古环境信息可以避免诸多地质因素相互叠加和干扰[1].深海远洋沉积物中的主要组分是风成陆源碎屑(包括火山碎屑)和来自上层海水的生源组分(降落到洋底的生物壳体)以及由海解作用形成的自生矿物[2],其中陆源碎屑的相对含量、粒度及矿物成分可以反映大气环流的强度及物源区的气候环境[1],生源组分的组成、相对含量和丰度以及种属含量变化则与表层海水的生产力和溶解作用有关. 相似文献
2.
The Transkei Basin deposits document the sediment transport around South Africa and, hence, reveal details of palaeocurrent activity of this region for the past 36 my. Thermohaline driven water masses like the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which are part of the global conveyor belt and the main motor for the heat transfer worldwide, have to pass the southern tip of Africa. A large amount of their sedimentary freight is deposited in the submarine Transkei Basin. By the investigation of high resolution seismic reflection data from central Transkei Basin sediments, we reconstructed depocentres and interface outlines for five different time slices since Cretaceous times. Since at least Late Eocene times, we observe an increasing activity of proto-AABW and later proto-NADW in the Transkei Basin. The current's settings were recurrently modified by various large scale global events, like the opening of the Drake Passage Gateway and the Tasman Gateway ( 34 Ma), respectively, or the closure of the Panama Isthmus ( 3 Ma). The investigations reveal a strong influence of global tectonic and climatic events on NADW and (proto-) AABW and their influence on Transkei Basin deposition. 相似文献
3.
通过介绍Ｊ．Ｐ．Ｋｅｎｎｅｔｔ为代表的“洋流说”阐述了大洋钻探２５年来约１０个航次研究所揭示的南极地区显生宙晚期气候演变的历史。晚白垩世时南极地区和全球一样暖和无冰，末期变冷，古新世开始后不久又转暖，早始新世－中始新世早期达顶峰，以后变冷。渐新世为主要冷却期，南极东部形成冰盖，中，晚中新世为另一重要冷却期，南极西部以至全部南极在中新世晚期－上新世早期最终形成稳定冰盖。德雷克海峡打开，环南极洋流（Ａ 相似文献
4.
铁锰结壳形成于氧化环境, 其形成环境氧化程度的变化通过对氧化程度敏感元素Co记录在结壳壳层中. 在较准确定年的基础上, 对三块太平洋结壳用电子探针进行剖面原位高分辨率主要元素含量测定, 得到其Co/(Fe+Mn), Co/(Ni+Cu)的剖面变化曲线, 并通过与前人太平洋底栖有孔虫δ18O曲线的对比研究发现, 这两个指标能够较好地反映结壳形成环境氧化程度的变化, 它们所反映的环境氧化程度变化与太平洋底栖有孔虫δ18O曲线所反映的渐新世以来太平洋底层水的温度变化十分相似, 反映了渐新世之后结壳形成环境主要是由南极底层流(AABW)的活动带来的富氧底层水控制的, 而渐新世之前却不是. 同时也说明结壳形成环境氧化程度对结壳的形成及其中Co含量起到明显的控制作用, 从而较好地解释了结壳新壳层中Co含量随着年龄的降低而增高的现象. 相似文献
5.
南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域的水文结构特征和底层水的来源 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
利用中国第九次南大洋考察中南极普里兹湾及其邻近海域的CTD资料,分析研究了调查海域的水文结构特征及其该区南极底层水(AABW)的来源.研究结果表明,在研究海域,深水洋区近表层流由西向东流,而在普里兹湾内存在一个气旋型涡.水文结构中最明显的海洋学特征是:(1)绕极深层水(CDW)的涌升现象明显,涌升最强的位置是麦克罗伯逊地以北海域,最明显的深度是50～200m层,暖水涌升将冬季冷水分隔成南北两部分,并在其中形成孤立的暖水块;(2)陆缘水边界明显,这是绕极深层水与南极冷水之间形成的锋面,一般处在次表层水中,大致位于64°～66°S之间;(3)存在着双跃层结构.观测期间,普里兹湾以北探水海域存在着南极底层水,其来源可能有二:一为当地形成,二为源于威德尔海和罗斯海. 相似文献
6.
Giorgio Budillon Pasquale Castagno Stefano AlianiGiancarlo Spezie Laurie Padman 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(10):1002-1018
We use hydrological and current meter data collected in the Ross Sea, Antarctica between 1995 and 2006 to describe the spatial and temporal variability of water masses involved in the production of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). Data were collected in two regions of known outflows of dense shelf water in this region; the Drygalski Trough (DT) and the Glomar-Challenger Trough (GCT). Dense shelf water just inshore of the shelf break is dominated by High Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW) in the DT and Ice Shelf Water (ISW) in the GCT. The HSSW in the northern DT freshened by ∼0.06 in 11 y, while the ISW in the northern GCT freshened by ∼0.04 in 8 y and warmed by ∼0.04 °C in 11 y, dominated by a rapid warming during austral summer 2001/02. The Antarctic Slope Front separating the warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) from the shelf waters is more stable near GCT than near DT, with CDW and mixing products being found on the outer DT shelf but not on the outer GCT shelf. The different source waters and mixing processes at the two sites lead to production of AABW with different thermohaline characteristics in the central and western Ross Sea. Multi-year time series of hydrography and currents at long-term moorings within 100 km of the shelf break in both troughs confirm the interannual signals in the dense shelf water and reveal the seasonal cycle of water mass properties. Near the DT the HSSW salinities experienced maxima in March/April and minima in September/October. The ISW in the GCT is warmest in March/April and coolest between August and October. Mooring data also demonstrate significant high-frequency variability associated with tides and other processes. Wavelet analysis of near-bottom moored sensors sampling the dense water cascade over the continental slope west of the GCT shows intermittent energetic pulses of cold, dense water with periods from ∼32 h to ∼5 days. 相似文献
7.
本文研究了《海洋四号》87—88两个航次CC—48和CC(c)—9两岩心的钙质超微化石。共鉴定出7属13种。CC—48岩心自上而下可分为3个钙质超微化石组合,其中组合3和2分别相当于NN2和NN3带;CC(c)—9孔722cm以下的钙质超微化石属于一个组合,大致相当于NN3—4带。两孔所见最老沉积皆为早中新世。同时根据CC(c)—9孔NN3—4带中广泛见有Discoaster exilis化石,认为在该区其地史分布可下延至NN3带(最迟不晚于NN4带)。并结合CaCO_3含量、溶解指数及丰度变化,在早中新世钙质软泥沉积中识别出两个较强的溶蚀期,认为是南极底层水强烈活动所致。 相似文献
8.
多金属结核的生长历史 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用＾１０Ｂｅ测年技术，测定多金属结核内部各生长世代的起止年龄，并联系当时发生的主要古海洋事件，探讨古海洋环境变化对多金属结核生长的影响。经研究表明：（１）结核三个生长世代的年代分别为：始新世末－早中新世中期，中中新世早期－晚中新世末期，上新世－第四纪；（２）第Ⅱ生长世代是多金属结核的重要成矿期；（３）多金属结核的生长间断与全球性温度升高、南极底层流活动减弱有关。 相似文献
9.
Wu GuangHai Zhou HuaiYang Zhang HaiSheng Ling HongFei Ma Weilin Zhao HongQiao Chen JianLin Liu JieHong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(3):371-384
Ferromanganese crusts (hereinafter crusts) form in aerobic environment and the environmental oxida-tion degree is recorded by the redox sensitive element Co in the crusts. The ages of the layers from the surface to bottom of the crusts are determined, and main element contents at high resolution along the depth sections of three crusts from the Pacific Ocean are analyzed by an electron microprobe. Thus the variations of Co/(Fe Mn) and Co/(Ni Cu) with age/depth of the crust layers are obtained. By comparing the ratios of Co/(Fe Mn) and Co/(Ni Cu) with the δ 18O curves of the Pacific benthic foraminifera, we find that these two ratios can reflect the variation of the environmental oxidation state under which the crust layers deposit. The evolution of the oxidation degree reflected by the two indexes resembles the evo-lution of temperature since the Oligocene reflected by the δ 18O curves of the Pacific benthic foraminif-era. This suggests that the crust-forming environment after the Oligocene is controlled mainly by the oxygen-rich bottom water originated from the Antarctic bottom water (AABW). However it is not the case prior to the Oligocene. Furthermore it suggests that the environmental oxidation degree controls the formation of the crusts and the Co contents in the crusts. This explains why the Co contents in the crusts increase with time up to now. 相似文献
10.
普通X射线荧光光谱法用于中太平洋富钴结壳中锰价态的定量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用普通X射线荧光光谱仪，结合PeakFit谱峰处理软件，对不同比例的MnO和MnO2的人工混合样品的谱峰参数进行了研究，用数学方法将实测的谱峰分解为各个单一的谱峰参数（峰位、峰高、半高宽、子峰积分面积），找出了各个谱峰参数与不同价态锰含量之间的关系，并据此确定了中太平洋海山区大量富钴结壳样品中Mn^4＋的相对含量，主要集中在80％～100％。总结了富钴结壳中中层和表层Mn^4＋的含量高、核心层Mn^4＋的含量低的变化规律．认为这与该区第四纪以来南极底流活动的增强有关。 相似文献