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海湾扇贝微卫星标记开发及其分离方式分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用尼龙膜吸附杂交法构建了海湾扇贝的(AC)_(15)、(AG)_(15)微卫星富集文库,随机挑取3 000个克隆,经菌落原位杂交二次筛选共获得阳性克隆1 268个(42.3%).经序列测定和生物信息学分析后得到521个独立的阳性克隆,其中微卫星506个,小卫星15个.微卫星中,完美型248个,占总数的49.0%;非完美型216个,占42.7%;复合型42个,占8.3%;其中AG/TC重复占70.4%(356个),AC/TG重复29.6%(150个).选择其中的55条序列设计引物,筛选出其中的20对引物检测它们在海湾扇贝CC10家系的双亲和94个子代个体中的分离情况,结果表明:(1) 其中6个位点在母本和子代中发生分离,10个位点在父本和子代中发生分离,4个为双亲共享位点;(2) 2个位点存在无效等位基因;(3) 16个位点符合孟德尔遗传定律,4个位点的子代个体基因型频率偏离孟德尔遗传定律.上述结果表明,这些微卫星引物可以用于构建海湾扇贝的遗传连锁图谱,并且所构建的富集文库适用于微卫星标记的大规模开发. 相似文献
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Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic diversity, level of inbreeding, and effective population size of spawner and recaptured populations of Chinese shrimp(Fenneropenaeus chinensis) during stock enhancement in the Bohai Bay in 2013. A total of 254 and 238 alleles were identified in the spawner and recaptured populations, respectively, and the numbers of alleles(N_a) were 8–63 and 6–60, respectively. The numbers of effective alleles(N_e) were 2.52–21.60 and 2.67–20.72, respectively. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.529 to 0.952. The observed heterozygosity(H_o) values(0.638–0.910 and 0.712–0.927) were lower than the expected heterozygosity(H_e) values(0.603–0.954 and 0.625–0.952), which indicated that the two populations possessed a rich genetic diversity. In 16 tests(2 populations×8 loci), 13 tests deviated from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium. F_(is) values were positive at seven loci and the inbreeding coefficients(F) of the two populations estimated by trio ML were 13.234% and 11.603%, suggesting that there was a relatively high degree of inbreeding. A certain level of inbreeding depression had occurred in the Chinese shrimp population. F_(st) values ranged from 0 to 0.059, with a mean of 0.028, displaying a low level of genetic differentiation in the two populations. Effective population sizes(3 060.2 and 3 842.8) were higher than the minimum number suggested for retaining the evolutionary potential to adapt to new environmental conditions. For enhancement activity in 2014,the ideal number of captured shrimp spawners should have ranged from 7 686 to 19 214 to maintain genetic diversity and effective population size. Further strategies to adjust the balance of economic cost, fishing effort and ideal number of shrimp spawners to maintain a satisfactory effective population size for ensuring the sustainability of Chinese shrimp are proposed. 相似文献
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Genetic diversity is crucial for plants to respond to global climate change, and exploring relationships between genetic diversity and climatic factors may help predict how global climate change will shape the genetic diversity of plants in the future. So far, however, the extent and magnitude of the impact of climatic factors on the genetic diversity of plants has not been clarified. We collected data from 68 published papers on two widely used measures of genetic diversity of populations (average expected heterozygosity (He) and average observed heterozygosity (Ho)) and on localities of populations of 79 vascular plants, and extracted data on 19 climatic factors from WorldClim. We then explored the relationships between measures of genetic diversity and climatic factors using linear regressions. He of plant populations was significantly correlated with climatic factors in 58.7% (44) of the 75 species that used He as a measure of genetic diversity, and Ho was correlated with climatic factors in 65.1% (41) of the 63 species that used this genetic diversity measure. In general, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation Seasonality, Precipitation of Driest Quarter and Temperature Seasonality played a vital role in shaping He, and Ho was mostly correlated with Precipitation of Warmest Quarter, Mean Temperature of Wettest Quarter, Precipitation of Driest Quarter and Precipitation of Driest Month. Also, the proportion of the significant correlations between genetic diversity of populations and climatic factors was higher for woody than for herbaceous species, and different climatic factors played different roles in shaping genetic diversity of these two growth forms. Our results suggest that climate may play an important role in shaping genetic diversity of plant populations, that climatic change in the future may alter genetic diversity of plants, and that genetic diversity of different plant forms may respond to climatic change differently. 相似文献
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Little is known about the genome of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). To address this, we conducted BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) end sequencing of L. vannamei. We selected and sequenced 7 812 BAC clones from the BAC library LvHE from the two ends of the inserts by Sanger sequencing. After trimming and quality filtering, 11 279 BAC end sequences (BESs) including 4 609 paired- ends BESs were obtained. The total length of the BESs was 4 340 753 bp, representing 0.18% of the L. vannamei haploid genome. The lengths of the BESs ranged from 100 bp to 660 bp with an average length of 385 bp. Analysis of the BESs indicated that the L. vannamei genome is AT-rich and that the primary repeats patterns were simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and low complexity sequences. Dinucleotide and hexanucleotide repeats were the most common SSR types in the BESs. The most abundant transposable element was gypsy, which may contribute to the generation of the large genome size of L. vannamei. We successfully annotated 4 519 BESs by BLAST searching, including genes involved in immunity and sex determination. Our results provide an important resource for functional gene studies, map construction and integration, and complete genome assembly for this species. 相似文献
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随着GNSS应用的不断发展,实时位置服务已经成为国内外研究热点,而北斗卫星导航系统的实时服务尚处于发展阶段。本文基于卫星精密定轨基本原理,讨论了北斗导航卫星实时轨道确定策略;研究了基于北斗卫星质心和天线相位中心的SSR轨道改正值生成方法,并给出了一种适合北斗导航卫星的IODE值表达方式;基于国家基准站和全球MGEX站数据,进行了北斗导航卫星的实时轨道解算测试,结果表明,GEO卫星1D RMS精度优于400 cm,平均精度为223 cm,其径向精度优于20 cm;IGSO卫星精度优于30 cm,平均精度为22 cm,其径向精度优于10 cm;MEO卫星精度优于30 cm,平均精度为15 cm,其径向精度优于10 cm。 相似文献
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关于强度折减有限元方法中边坡失稳判据的讨论 总被引：100，自引：18，他引：82
在边坡稳定性分析中采用强度折减弹塑性有限元方法时,所得到的总体安全系数在一定程度上依赖于所采用的失稳评判标准,通常以数值计算的收敛性作为边坡失稳判据。而有限元计算的数值收敛性受多种因素的影响,因而由此所得到的安全系数的合理性及其唯一性受到了质疑。为了考查目前各种失稳判据的合理性及其适用性,分别依据计算的收敛性、特征部位位移的突变性和塑性区的贯通性等3个失稳判据,针对某一典型边坡算例,采用强度折减弹塑性有限元方法进行稳定性分析,并与Spencer极限平衡法所得到的总体安全系数进行了对比。对比分析表明,以有限元数值计算的收敛性作为失稳判据在某些情况下所得到的安全系数可能误差较大,而采用特征部位位移的突变性或塑性区的贯通性作为失稳判据所得到的边坡安全系数与Spencer极限平衡法的计算结果比较接近,考虑到实用性与简便性,建议在边坡稳定性分析的强度折减有限元方法中联合采用特征部位位移的突变性和塑性区的贯通性作为边坡的失稳判据。 相似文献
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基于微卫星标记的洞庭青鲫与三个鲫品系群体遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取12个微卫星标记对洞庭青鲫(Carassius auratus var.Dongtingking)、野生二倍体和三倍体鲫(C.auratus)、彭泽鲫(C.auratus var.pengzesis)4个鲫品系群体进行遗传多样性检测。在12个基因座位中,共检测出78个等位基因,其中14个为共有等位基因;每个座位检测到等位基因4—12个,平均等位基因数6.58个;4个鲫品系群体的平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.633、0.750、0.800、0.717;平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.502、0.713、0.757、0.602;平均多态信息含量(PIC)分别为0.364、0.599、0.637、0.470。上述结果表明,野生二倍体和三倍体鲫的遗传多样性较为丰富,以三倍体鲫的遗传多样性为最高;而洞庭青鲫和彭泽鲫养殖群体存在杂合度降低,遗传多样性下降的现象,以洞庭青鲫的遗传多样性为最低。基于遗传距离构建的UPGMA聚类树表明,洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫两个养殖群体聚为一支,而二倍体与三倍体野鲫群体聚为另一支,说明洞庭青鲫与彭泽鲫之间亲缘关系较近,野生二倍体与三倍体鲫之间的亲缘关系较近。研究不同倍性鲫品系的遗传多样性,对于探讨鲫的多倍体起源演化以及鲫品系的种质资源保护和选育种实践具有重要意义。 相似文献
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我国氨氮海水质量基准的探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
我国现行的氨氮海水质量标准参照国外基准与标准制定,未考虑是否能够有效保护中国海洋物种,科学性欠缺。对我国海水氨氮质量基准进行研究,采用美国EPA推荐的物种敏感度排序(SSR)技术,结合美国海水氨氮水质基准数学模型,搜集利用我国15种海水水生生物的非离子氨毒性数据,根据非离子氨氮和总氨氮转换公式,得出水体在不同pH值、温度和盐度条件下的总氨氮水质基准在pH为7.0~9.0、温度为0~30℃的范围内,盐度为10时,基准最大浓度(CMC)和基准连续浓度(CCC)的范围分别为0.089~57.141 mg/L与0.007~4.365 mg/L;盐度为20时,CMC和CCC的范围分别为0.092~61.152 mg/L与0.007~4.671 mg/L;盐度为30时,CMC和CCC的范围分别为0.095~65.446 mg/L与0.007~4.999 mg/L;3个环境因子,对CCC和CMC的影响程度由大到小依次为:pH、温度、盐度。相对于美国,我国急性基准的取值区间收缩了5倍,慢性基准的取值区间收缩了10倍。研究结果认为,现行的非离子氨数值应修正为0.007 mg/L才能有效保护我国海洋生物,同时建议使用总氨氮的基准来管理海水中氨氮变化。为修订我国氨氮海水质量标准提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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“4·20”芦山强震导致震区斜坡动力响应强烈,并诱发大量斜坡次生地质灾害。强震后余震频发,在发震断裂附近芦山双石峡谷下游出口,对仁加水电站进水口边坡地震动效应监测初步揭示,该斜坡中上部峰值加速度放大达3.4倍,斜坡放大效应明显,但各监测点场地效应需深入分析。因此,基于对该斜坡环境噪声测试与地震监测数据,采用水平与竖向谱比(H/V)和标准反应谱(SSR)对比分析。研究揭示,该斜坡参考点H/V谱比曲线放大系数约为1.1,场地放大效应微弱;斜坡上部监测点环境噪声揭示H/V与SSR谱比放大峰值频率约为13.0Hz,放大系数为1.2~1.6。环境噪声与地震监测数据对比表明,其平均谱比曲线峰值频率特征接近,但后者谱比放大系数为1.6~2.6。综合研究表明,该斜坡场地地质结构较为单一,其动力效应主要受斜坡地形因素较强,斜坡中上部地形放大效应较明显。基于环境噪声与地震数据对比研究斜坡场地效应,两者在场地卓越频率上较一致,而放大系数后者明显强于前者。 相似文献