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1.
利用GDS应力路径三轴试验系统对南阳膨胀土进行3种应力速率下、4种超固结比（OCR）的被动压缩三轴试验及3种超固结比的被动挤伸三轴试验,分析了不同超固结比和应力速率下其应力（孔隙水压力）-应变关系、有效应力路径及变形模量的演化规律,对膨胀土变形模量各向异性特性进行了初步探讨。结果表明,应力速率、超固结比及卸荷路径均对膨胀土力学特性有一定影响。在被动压缩路径和被动挤伸路径下,随着应力速率和超固结比的增加,相同轴向应变时的偏应力值单调增加;不同超固结比和应力速率时膨胀土的孔隙水压力始终为负值,且其降幅总体上随超固结比的增加而增大,但其降幅随应力速率的变化规律与剪切路径有关。在被动压缩路径下,相同应变时不同应力速率下的孔压降幅基本相同;而在被动挤伸路径下,其降幅随应力速率的增加而增大。边坡开挖路径的选择对于边坡变形影响显著,被动挤伸路径下达到设定极限偏应力时的轴向应变明显大于被动压缩路径。膨胀土变形模量E100随着超固结比和应力速率的增加而增加,但各应力速率下变形模量的各向异性特性则随着超固结比的增加而变弱。 相似文献
2.
通过GDS三轴试验系统对K0固结原状南阳膨胀土原状样进行了不同卸荷速率和卸荷路径下的不排水三轴剪切试验,在试验资料的基础上,建立了K0固结膨胀土的初始切线模量Ei和极限偏应力qult与固结应力及卸荷速率的关系式。发现,K0固结膨胀土在卸荷剪切过程中的应力-应变关系曲线呈典型双曲线特征;膨胀土的不排水剪切强度随轴向固结应力及卸荷速率的增加而单调增加;Ei及qult随固结应力及卸荷速率的变化规律与强度基本类似,但Ei随固结应力的增加呈指数增加,而qult则表现为线性增加。通过改进邓肯-张双曲线表达式,建立了K0固结膨胀土下不同卸荷速率时应力-应变关系的预测公式,并进行了模型验证。 相似文献
3.
《岩土力学》2020,(4)
通过GDS三轴试验系统对K_0固结原状南阳膨胀土原状样进行了不同卸荷速率和卸荷路径下的不排水三轴剪切试验,在试验资料的基础上,建立了K_0固结膨胀土的初始切线模量E_i与极限偏应力q_(ult)与固结应力及卸荷速率的关系式。发现,K_0固结膨胀土在卸荷剪切过程中的应力-应变关系曲线呈典型双曲线特征;膨胀土的不排水剪切强度随轴向固结应力及卸荷速率的增加而单调增加;初始切线模量E_i及极限偏应力q_(ult)随固结应力及卸荷速率的变化规律与强度基本类似,但初始切线模量随固结应力的增加呈指数增加,而极限偏应力则表现为线性增加。通过改进邓肯-张双曲线表达式,建立了K_0固结膨胀土下不同卸荷速率时应力-应变关系的预测公式,并进行了模型验证。 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2021,(4)
通过GDS三轴试验系统对K_0固结原状南阳膨胀土原状样进行了不同卸荷速率和卸荷路径下的不排水三轴剪切试验,在试验资料的基础上,建立了K_0固结膨胀土的初始切线模量E_i与极限偏应力q_(ult)与固结应力及卸荷速率的关系式。发现,K_0固结膨胀土在卸荷剪切过程中的应力-应变关系曲线呈典型双曲线特征;膨胀土的不排水剪切强度随轴向固结应力及卸荷速率的增加而单调增加;初始切线模量E_i及极限偏应力q_(ult)随固结应力及卸荷速率的变化规律与强度基本类似,但初始切线模量随固结应力的增加呈指数增加,而极限偏应力则表现为线性增加。通过改进邓肯-张双曲线表达式,建立了K_0固结膨胀土下不同卸荷速率时应力-应变关系的预测公式,并进行了模型验证。 相似文献
5.
卸荷损伤原状膨胀土剪切力学特性试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过GDS三轴试验系统对经历3种卸荷速率损伤后的原状南阳膨胀土样进行再加荷不排水三轴伸长剪切试验,同时考虑了超固结比与固结状态的影响。试验结果表明,膨胀土再加荷剪切力学特性与初始卸荷速率有关。在相同的轴向应变下,初始卸荷速率越小,其偏应力单调越小。在主应力方向改变前后,其应力?应变关系曲线斜率显著变化。相同固结方式与超固结比状态下,孔隙水压力均表现为先增大后减小趋势,孔隙水压力峰值应变随卸荷速率增大而减小。无论是等压固结还是K0固结,初始卸荷速率越大,不排水剪切强度越大。膨胀土样经历了初始卸荷损伤后,再加荷常规三轴伸长试验所得剪切强度均低于无损伤时的强度。以膨胀土破坏强度所得损伤度SD低估了卸荷速率对膨胀土的损伤程度,建议采用孔隙水压力峰值强度进行膨胀土边坡设计计算。原状膨胀土力学性状随卸荷速率损伤的演化规律受卸荷阶段轴向应变大小及裂隙性综合影响。 相似文献
6.
为研究应变速率对原状膨胀土力学性状的影响,通过GDS三轴试验系统进行了不同速率和围压下的固结不排水三轴剪切试验,分析了应力−应变曲线、孔隙水压力、剪切强度以及破坏模式随应变速率的变化规律。结果表明：不同应变速率下,膨胀土应力−应变曲线均呈应变硬化型。随着应变速率的增加,不排水剪切强度单调递增,引入应变速率参数ρ0.9后发现,不排水强度增长率为14.3%～23.2%,平均值为18.4%。低围压下,应变速率对孔隙水压力影响较小,随着围压的增大,孔隙水压力的发展趋势由软化型转变为硬化型,孔隙水压力峰值随应变速率的增大而减小。原状膨胀土应变速率效应与其多裂隙性密切相关,破坏形式表现为小应变速率下主剪切带与次剪切带共存,大应变速率下仅有主剪切带,裂隙或多剪切带的出现强化了膨胀土强度的应变速率效应。 相似文献
7.
《岩土力学》2020,(9)
运用应力路径三轴试验仪,对天津滨海吹填土开展等向固结条件下的不排水卸荷试验,探讨不同卸荷路径及卸荷速率对应力-应变关系、孔压变化规律及破坏强度特性的影响。试验结果表明:各卸荷路径下应力-应变曲都近似呈双曲线型。UU_(0.0)(径向卸荷、轴向不卸荷)卸荷路径下试样变形表现为轴向压缩,且孔压变化曲线存在明显的屈服点;UU_(2.0)(轴向和径向均卸荷),UU_∞(轴向卸荷、径向不卸荷)及UL_(1.0)(轴向卸荷、径向加荷)路径下试样变形表现为轴向伸长,孔压随着应变的增加而增大,最终速度减缓并趋于稳定增长状态。同种路径下,卸荷速率越大,卸荷初期孔压发展越缓慢,峰值孔压越大。对0.1、0.2、0.3 kPa/min卸荷速率下的应力-应变曲线研究发现,卸荷压缩路径下初始切线模量受卸荷速率影响较大,拉伸路径下则不明显。UL_(1.0)路径下卸荷破坏强度最大,UU_(2.0)路径下该值最小,UU_∞路径下则居中。同一卸荷路径下,土体破坏强度随卸荷速率的增大而增大。对各应力-应变曲线进行归一化处理,构建了考虑卸荷速率及卸荷路径影响的初始切线卸荷模量和卸荷破坏强度预测公式。 相似文献
8.
钱塘江冲海积粉土剪胀性三轴试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
钱塘江两岸广泛分布着冲海积粉土.通过大量的三轴固结不排水CU和固结排水CD试验,探讨饱和粉土的应力应变性状和剪胀特性。试验表明,钱塘江冲海积粉土显著的特性之一是在剪切中膨胀,剪胀主要与粉土的密度和围压有关。CU试验中密(e=0.739～0.866)的原状样在围压600kPa范围内剪切膨胀,稍密(e=0.890～0.906)的击实样在围压低于400kPa剪切膨胀。由于粉土膨胀的本质不排水强度在剪切中保持增加,对于这种情况就没有惟一的"不排水强度";CD试验稍密(e=0.889～0.945)的击实样在围压低于400kPa时剪切膨胀。钱塘江冲海积粉土的剪切破坏要经历一个大的变形过程,固结排水剪切过程的应力应变性状可分为4个阶段。取应变继续而没有进一步体积变化的临界状态做破坏标准,确定粉土排水剪切强度指标较合理。 相似文献
9.
针对南阳原状膨胀土不同卸荷间歇时间后的三轴不排水剪切特性进行了试验研究。将削好的原状膨胀土样,在常规三轴仪上首先固结至先期固结应力,进行不同卸荷比(0.00、0.50、0.75)与卸荷间歇时间(0、1、10、20、30d)的三轴不排水剪切试验,最后对部分土样进行了压汞试验。试验结果表明,南阳膨胀土力学特性与卸荷间歇时间和卸荷幅度均相关。相同轴向应变时,经历卸荷过程土样偏应力随卸荷间歇时间减小,未经历卸荷过程则表现为增大。卸荷间歇时间增加,孔隙水压力峰值应变umax?呈减小趋势。未经历卸荷过程的膨胀土强度随间歇时间增加而线性(对数坐标)增大,而经历卸荷过程的膨胀土强度随卸荷间歇时间的增加而减小,且以初期(0~1d)降幅最大,后期变缓并最终趋于稳定状态。其中,卸荷幅度越大,膨胀土强度及模量越小,达到稳定状态所需时间越长。建议边坡开挖后及时支护。在边坡稳定性分析中建议采用umaxq进行计算。结合压汞试验与吸(排)水量结果,卸荷间歇时间对原状膨胀土剪切特性的影响受微裂隙发展与颗粒间胶结强化的耦合作用。 相似文献
10.
天津市区第一海相层粉质黏土卸荷路径下强度特性的试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土的强度特性与土体中应力变化过程、固结状态有关,常规的三轴试验并不能真实地反映土体经历的应力路径对其强度特性的影响。采用自制的应力-应变联合控制式三轴试验仪,对天津市区地层中第一海相层的粉质黏土原状饱和试样进行一系列特殊三轴试验,研究了排水卸荷条件对其强度特性的影响。试验结果表明：经历排水卸荷路径的土体的加荷剪切总应力强度指标大于常规试验结果,也大于前人在不排水卸荷路径下的试验结果,但几种应力路径下土体的有效应力强度指标基本相等。研究成果对天津市区基坑开挖及支护结构设计计算、软土隧道施工研究及其他相关岩土工程问题的研究均有较大的实用价值。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
13.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献
15.
Fouad N. Ibrahim Dr. 《GeoJournal》1988,17(1):133-141
Taking the example of W Sudan, an analysis of the climatic incidents leading to the two recent famine disasters is made. On this natural background, the human side is investigated. Focus is directed towards the fragile economic structure of the famine-prone population groups. An early-warning system for famine in the Sahelian Zone is proposed taking grain production and storage, livestock development and the relationship between the prices of livestock and grain as major indicators. 相似文献
16.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
20.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献