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1.
通过分析巴林石、寿山石样品的FTIR与XRD光谱特征,指出有序度指数（OI）、结晶度指数（HI,DHI）及半高宽（FWHM（00l））在用于研究高岭石与地开石混合相样品的组分时具有局限性;计算了样品的有序度指数和结晶度指数并研究了各自与透明度之间的关系,结果证实,寿山石样品的透明度随其有序度与结晶度的增加而增大,但没有发现巴林石样品存在类似规律。 相似文献
2.
在野外地质工作、显微镜下观察、电子探针分析和差热分析的基础上,运用X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析对印章石(以著名的昌化石为例)进行了谱学分析。昌化石主要矿物成分为高岭石族矿物,主要为迪开石及高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物。通过X射线衍射图谱分析计算其结晶度指数(HI)表明,高岭石族矿物的结晶有序度存在明显的高低变化。红外光谱特征显示,其中属于外部羟基振动的3 697cm-1谱峰强度(A)与属于内部羟基振动的3 620cm-1谱峰强度(B)的比值随着结晶度指数的降低有逐渐升高的趋势,且比值A/B的大小可以大致用来区分高岭石和迪开石:一般高岭石比值大于1,而迪开石小于1。差热分析的结果也印证了高岭石族矿物有序度高低变化的现象,如:高岭石族矿物在加热到400℃～700℃时会出现一个强烈尖锐的吸热峰,吸热峰的强度及温度与其有序度的高低存在正相关性。当主要组成矿物成分为较纯净的迪开石时,其有序度相对较高,透明度也较好;当主要矿物成分为高岭石-迪开石过渡矿物时,其有序度较低,透明度也较差。X射线衍射分析和红外光谱都是研究分析印章石的有效方法,但X射线分析通常为有损分析,且仪器使用条件相对较高;而红外光谱则可以无损且具有扫描时间短等... 相似文献
3.
福建寿山高山石与坑头石的矿物学特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用显微硬度测试仪、静水称重法、X射线粉晶衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪、原子吸收分光光度计、环境扫描电镜等测试手段,对福建寿山高山石和坑头石的矿物学特征进行了研究。结果表明,高山石含有多种高岭石族矿物,其中以地开石为主要矿物;坑头石中除含有地开石外,还存在相当数量的珍珠陶石以及地开石-高岭石、地开石-珍珠陶石的过渡矿物。认为寿山石的透明度与矿物颗粒的粒度、结晶程度有关。另外,发现铁离子为黑色寿山石的主要致色离子,寿山石中的裂解主要由矿物颗粒间定向排列造成。 相似文献
4.
运用静水称重法、X射线粉晶衍射仪、傅立叶红外光谱仪、全岩化学分析、环境扫描电镜、激光剥蚀等离子质谱等测试手段,对老挝田黄石的矿物学特征进行了研究.结果表明,老挝田黄石含有多种高岭石族矿物,并以地开石为主.Fe3+为老挝田黄石呈黄色的致色离子.样品中高岭石族矿物颗粒直径为3~5μm,呈假六方片状,表面平整,呈三维堆垛或叠瓦状紧密排列.样品中矿物颗粒越小,结晶程度越好,自形程度越高,样品的透明度越高.微量元素分析可对老挝田黄石与田黄进行产地区分.老挝田黄石中Ga元素的质量分数高于田黄,而Co、Rb、Ni等元素的质量分数明显低于田黄.Co-Ga、Rb-Ga、Ni-Ga元素的投点图能较好区分老挝田黄石和田黄.老挝田黄石样品表现出轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损的特征,且轻稀土元素的分馏明显. 相似文献
5.
缅甸是世界上优质翡翠的最重要产地,角闪石族矿物是缅甸翡翠中的常见矿物。对缅甸翡翠原石进行手标本、薄片偏光显微镜观察和电子探针测试,结果表明,翡翠原石组成矿物的形成顺序为岩浆锆石→热液锆石和硬玉→绿辉石→Ca质角闪石→Na-Ca、Na质角闪石→钠长石,岩石形成后受到后期应力作用使部分角闪石族矿物发生变形。Ca质角闪石形成后,晚期Na-Al-Si流体和富Ca、Mg和Fe的浅闪石发生反应,形成了Na-Ca质、Na质角闪石,包括钠透闪石,蓝闪石和镁铝钠闪石。随压力的降低,残余流体在早期形成矿物颗粒之间沉淀结晶出钠长石。矿物的化学成分和矿物种类及结构对翡翠的品质有重要影响,硬玉中的Cr及角闪石矿物的存在导致了翡翠绿色深浅的变化。组成矿物的形态及颗粒大小、排列的紧密程度,影响翡翠的质地和透明度等外观特征。 相似文献
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本文通过提纯高纯度石英、方解石、高岭石,配置了三种已知矿物成分含量的土壤模拟样品（高岭石、石英二相模拟土壤样品,高岭石、石英、方解石三相模拟土壤样品,高岭石、自然土壤混合样品）,利用X射线衍射TOPAS全谱拟合定量分析方法对配制的9组高岭石、石英二相模拟土壤样品,9组高岭石、石英、方解石三相模拟土壤样品,9组高岭石、自然土壤混合样品三种系列覆盖4个矿物梯度的模拟土壤实验样品进行矿物定量分析,成功对比了其矿物理论含量与测试含量。通过对不含高岭石系土壤和含高岭石系土壤加标高岭石的方法,验证了X射线衍射全谱拟合定量分析法可以应用于土壤高岭石定量分析的稳定性与准确性。 相似文献
8.
通过研究无烟煤层中泥岩夹矸的岩石矿物学特征,探讨了其主要成分高岭石发生转化的主要方向及影响因素。通过样品的显微镜下鉴定、差热分析、X射线粉晶衍射分析、红外吸收光谱分析等一系列测试结果的分析研究,发现无烟煤层泥岩夹矸中高岭石因受不同因素的影响而发生不同的转化,即:高岭石向伊利石转化,伊利石-蒙脱石(I/M)混层矿物及蒙脱石出现。其主要原因是区域变质作用及周围介质影响所致。 相似文献
9.
现行X射线衍射分析黏土矿物都是提取粒径小于2μm的悬浮溶液检测样品的黏土矿物组合及含量,含量数据有时与其他检测数据相悖。在鄂尔多斯盆地黏土矿物研究中,通过偏光显微镜和扫描电镜发现存在粒径大于2μm的黏土矿物颗粒,特别是高岭石的粒径多为3～10μm,这些大颗粒黏土矿物会造成含量数据不准确。为了证明大颗粒黏土矿物对其含量测量的影响,本文设计了不同粒径标准的提取物对比试验:随机选取267个样品,每个样品分别按照10μm和2μm标准提取两份悬浮溶液制成测试片,采用SY/T5163—2010行业标准中的检测方法得到10μm和2μm提取物的黏土矿物组合及含量。通过对比发现大颗粒黏土矿物对各类黏土矿物的相对含量测量结果有明显影响:10μm提取物中高岭石含量明显增大;伊利石/蒙脱石间层矿物含量显著降低;伊利石含量的变化小且无规律;绿泥石含量整体变化较小,少量样品中绿泥石含量发生了明显的偏离,与大颗粒高岭石的赋存有关。本研究提出应结合地质状况和工作目的审慎选择提取粒径的标准,对SY/T 5163—2010中的黏土矿物提取粒径标准作出修订。 相似文献
10.
寿山石品种繁多,其鉴别和分类也一直是个难题.首次利用便携式近红外光谱仪（NIR）研究了不同类别寿山石的近红外光谱特征.根据寿山石样品状态（块状和粉末状）的不同表面形态、粒度、质量等因素对近红外光谱测试结果的影响进行了分析,讨论了近红外光谱的主要吸收峰归属,旨在探索一种无损、便捷的寿山石鉴别方法.结果表明,利用便携式近红外光谱仪完全可以区分寿山石的三个主要类别,即高山石类（高岭石族）、芙蓉石类（叶蜡石）、汶洋石类（伊利石）.在块状寿山石样品的近红外光谱1 400 nm区域,高岭石族矿物表现为一对双峰;叶蜡石和伊利石都仅有一特征单峰,叶蜡石表现为1 392 nm,伊利石表现为1 406 nm.寿山石样品的表面形态对近红外光谱没有明显的影响.粉末状寿山石样品的近红外光谱吸收峰更为尖锐,分裂程度更好.除了1 400 nm处的吸收峰外,在2 180 nm左右,高岭石类矿物表现为双峰,而叶蜡石和伊利石为单峰,但叶蜡石的吸收峰位于2 168 nm,伊利石位于2 195 nm.在条件允许的情况下,获取10 mg左右的寿山石样品粉末,便可获得清晰的近红外光谱. 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献