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1.
我国的碳酸盐风暴岩丰富多样,但前人对不同环境风暴岩的沉积作用、沉积序列和沉积模式的总结还不够完善.山东省中部上寒武统炒米店组碳酸盐风暴岩发育频繁,分布广,提供了全面分析风暴沉积作用的理想场所.基于该区详实的露头观察,可识别出冲刷面、渠模、丘状交错层理等典型的风暴沉积构造,以及砾屑灰岩、递变层理含砾砂屑灰岩-砂屑灰岩、纹层状粉-砂屑灰岩等风暴岩类型.根据砾屑颜色、磨圆度、排列方式、支撑结构、充填物等岩石学特征,研究区首要发育的砾屑灰岩可被细分为紧密堆积棱角状砾屑灰岩、基质支撑砾屑灰岩、砂屑支撑砾屑灰岩、水平-叠瓦状砾屑灰岩和放射状排列砾屑灰岩5种岩相类型,其分别归属于台前缓坡带原地-近源堆积、碎屑流、高密度-低密度浊流、风暴砾滩和风暴涡流沉积.对台前缓坡、台地边缘和开阔台地等不同环境的风暴沉积序列进行了归纳,建立了缓坡型碳酸盐台地风暴沉积的综合模式,并指出研究区频繁的风暴作用与全球气候变暖、海平面上升以及地震活动存在密切联系.研究表明较多台地边缘发育的大型渠模构造,其充填砾屑呈放射状排列,指示了渠模的风暴涡流成因 相似文献
2.
湘东南桂阳莲塘上泥盆系风暴岩特征及其古地理、古气候意义 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
摘 要湖南省桂阳县莲塘镇石龙村上泥盆统锡矿山组以台地相灰岩、白云质灰岩、灰质白云岩为主。该组下部发育典型的风暴岩沉积。风暴沉积标志包括:渠铸型、竹叶状砾屑放射状组构、丘状或洼状交错层理、平行层理、递变层理、块状层理。风暴岩包括４种岩相类型:Ａ－具块状层理的“竹叶状”砾屑灰岩（底部为冲刷侵蚀面或冲刷渠）,Ｂ－具递变层理的砾屑灰岩,Ｃ－具丘状、洼状交错层理的砂屑灰岩,Ｄ－具均质或水平层理的泥状灰岩。它们组成４种典型的风暴沉积序列:Ａ—Ｄ序列、Ａ—Ｃ—Ｄ序列、Ｂ—Ｃ—Ｄ序列、Ｂ—Ｄ序列。湘东南上泥盆统风暴岩的首次发现表明晚泥盆世该区位于低纬度的风暴作用带,它对认识泥盆纪的古气候具有重要意义. 相似文献
3.
本文在对湘中各地发现的下石炭统风暴岩的一般特征的讨论的基础上,区分出浅缓坡近源型、过渡带远源型以及深缓坡末梢型等风暴岩类型,并认为这些风暴岩的发育受当时全球古地理控制。早石炭世北方大陆和南方大陆之间存在的古地中海,造成了赤道附近飓风的形成条件。当时华南板块位于赤道以南接近赤道的地方,必然形成了大量风暴沉积。 相似文献
4.
塔里木盆地苏盖特布拉克地区下寒武统肖尔布拉克组发育较为典型的风暴岩。风暴沉积标志主要有冲刷充填构造、风暴砾屑层和丘状交错层理等。在野外实测和室内薄片观察基础上,依据风暴沉积物、沉积位置和沉积标志组合的不同,划分出5种风暴沉积序列。序列Ⅰ为mm级或cm级的递变纹层,截切深水微生物礁,为风暴浪基面以下的深水陆棚远源风暴浊流沉积;序列Ⅱ发育异地型风暴砾屑、粒序段、平行纹层段和水平层理黑色钙质页岩,为风暴浪基面与晴天浪基面之间的缓斜坡下部沉积;序列Ⅲ为风暴成因的生屑、砾屑与平行纹层、丘状纹层的组合,多出现在风暴浪基面与晴天浪基面之间的缓斜坡上部;序列Ⅳ以渠模与复合丘状交错层理的组合为特征,为水体较浅的晴天浪基面附近的沉积;序列Ⅴ由风暴砂砾屑及沉积充填构造、平行纹层段组成,上部单元为正常天气沉积的蓝细菌礁滩垮塌体,为晴天浪基面以上的台地边缘礁滩前缘沉积。风暴层序自下而上的沉积环境演化为深水陆棚→浅水陆棚缓斜坡下部→缓斜坡上部→台地边缘前缘,形成向上变浅沉积特征。风暴岩的发现和研究,对于塔里木早寒武世古纬度与古板块演化、古地理及沉积学研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
DONALD J. P. SWIFT PETER M. HUDELSON ROBERT L. BRENNER PETER THOMPSON 《Sedimentology》1987,34(3):423-457
The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Kenilworth Member of the Blackhawk Formation (Mesaverde Group) is part of a series of strand plain sandstones that intertongue with and overstep the shelfal shales of the western interior basin of North America. Analysis of this section at a combination of small (sedimentological) and large (stratigraphical) scales reveals the dynamics of progradation of a shelf-slope sequence into a subsiding foreland basin. Four major lithofacies are present in the upper Mancos and Kenilworth beds of the Book Cliffs. A lag sandstone and channel-fill shale lithofacies constitutes the thin, basal, transgressive sequence, which rests on a marine erosion surface. It was deposited in an outer shelf environment. Shale, interbedded sandstone and shale, and amalgamated sandstone lithofacies were deposited over the transgressive lag sandstone lithofacies as a wave-dominated delta and its flanking strand plains prograded seaward. Analysis of grain size and primary structures in Kenilworth beds indicates that there are four basic strata types which combine to build the observed lithofacies. The fine- to very fine-grained graded strata of the interbedded facies are tempestites, deposited out of suspension by alongshelf storm flows (geostrophic flows). There is no need to call on cross-shelf turbidity currents (density underflows) to explain their presence. Very fine- to fine-grained hummocky strata are likewise suspension deposits created by waning storm flows, but were deposited under conditions of more intense wave agitation on the middle shoreface. Cross-strata sets in this region are bed-load deposits that accumulated on the upper shore-face, in the surf zone. Lag strata are multi-event, bed-load deposits that are the product of prolonged storm winnowing. They occur on transgressive surfaces. While the graded beds are tempestites in the strict sense, all four classes of strata are storm deposits. The distribution of strata types and their palaeocurrent orientations suggests a model of the Kenilworth transport system driven by downwelling coastal storm flows, and probably by a northeasterly alongshore pressure gradient. The stratification patterns shift systematically from upper shoreface to lower shoreface and inner shelf lithofacies partly because of a reduction in fluid power expenditure with increasing water depth, but also because of progressive sorting, which resulted in a decrease in grain size in the sediment load delivered to successive downstream environments. The Kenilworth Member and an isolated outlier, the Hatch Mesa lentil, constitute a delta-prodelta shelf depositional system. Their rhythmically bedded, lenticular, sandstone and shale successions are a prodelta shelf facies, and may be prodelta plume deposits. Major Upper Cretaceous sandstone tongues in the Book Cliffs are underlain by erosional surfaces like that beneath the Blackhawk Formation, which extend for many tens of kilometres into the Mancos shale. These surfaces are the boundaries of Upper Cretaceous depositional sequences. The sequences are large-scale genetic stratigraphic units. They result from the arranging of facies into depositional systems; the depositional systems are in turn stacked in repeating arrays, which constitute the depositional sequences. The anatomy of these foreland basin sequences differs 相似文献
6.
川西汉旺地区雷口坡组四段风暴岩特征及地质意义 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过野外实测剖面和镜下薄片观察,川西汉旺地区雷口坡组四段发育典型的风暴岩,具有底冲刷—充填构造、风暴砾屑层、菊花构造和丘状交错层理等典型风暴沉积标志。根据该风暴岩岩性、沉积位置、沉积标志组合特征,共识别出三种风暴沉积序列类型:1)序列Ⅰ由侵蚀底面及砾屑段、粒序段组成,代表靠近风暴浪基面附近的台前缓斜坡下部环境; 2)序列Ⅱ由侵蚀底面及砾屑段、粒序段、平行纹层段、丘状纹层段组成,代表靠近正常浪基面附近的台前缓斜坡上部环境; 3)序列Ⅲ由粒序段、平行纹层段组成,代表台地边缘环境。风暴层序自下而上的沉积演化为:台前缓斜坡下部—台前缓斜坡上部—台地边缘,整体为一个向上变浅的沉积序列。 相似文献
7.
This study focuses on storm deposits in the Muschelkalk facies of the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain) and interprets their deposition mechanisms. Three types of storm deposit are distinguished: (i) pot/gutter casts; (ii) tempestite beds; and (iii) storm‐winnowed deposits. Each deposit provides information about the carbonate platform environment in which it was deposited. The tempestite models proposed are: (i) the bypass‐zone tempestite model, occurring in a muddy ramp at the epicontinental basin margin. This model is characterized by potholes and gutters that form in a shoreline bypass‐zone during storms; (ii) the gradient‐current tempestite model in which frequent tempestite beds are related to storm gradient currents. Thickness and grain size decrease towards the deep distal ramp; and (iii) the winnowed deposit tempestite model whereby storm deposits are winnowed and deposited in the same environment with only short lateral transport having occurred. This model evokes more restricted and shallower conditions, lagoons or inland seas. The distribution of all these deposits in the stratigraphic sections studied corroborate the eustatic third‐order cycle identified, although the different features of the storm deposits and their positions in each section indicate a subsidence varying in time and space. In the transgressive stage, the margins of the epicontinental basin were a well‐developed ramp with potholes and gutters. In contrast, during the high sea‐level stage, storm deposits generated tempestite beds or storm‐winnowed deposits in the different areas. The epicontinental carbonate platform with ramp edges evolved into a complex depositional system of coastal and shallow‐marine environments with lagoons and restricted inland seas. Thus, the epicontinental platform underwent substantial change from the Late Anisian to the Late Ladinian and this is reflected in its storm deposits. 相似文献
8.
湘中涟源下石炭统的陆源碎屑风暴岩 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
描述了测水组具丘状层理的石英砂岩风暴岩和具丘状层理的粉砂岩风暴岩以及邵东组的具粒序层理的粉砂质风暴岩和泥质介壳层风暴岩,四种风暴岩的环境分布依次为前滨——上临滨、下临滨——过渡带、远滨或滨外泥质陆棚。 相似文献
9.
We present our new investigation into the depositional environment and provenance of the Yingshuiquan Formation in the central Qiangtang region of northern Tibet, in order to further our understanding of the environment of the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Palaeo–Tethys during the Early Triassic. The Yingshuiquan Formation is composed of oolitic limestone, calcareous sandstone, calcarenite, thin-bedded ribbon limestone, bioclastic limestone, and coarse oolite limestone that were deposited in a shallow-marine basin and contain abundant Lower Triassic conodont fossils (e.g. Hadrodontina anceps, Pachycladina sp., gen. et sp, Pachyclaina oblique, Hibbardelloides sp). We selected detrital zircons from four calcareous sandstone samples for U–Pb dating, yielding minimum age peaks of 263, 269, 275, and 280 Ma, respectively, and a minimum age of 249 Ma, based on several zircons around the same age. Analysis of the conodont biofacies and zircon LA-ICP-MS dating of calcareous sandstone indicates that the data is consistent with deposition in the Early Triassic. The Yingshuiquan Formation records Early Triassic shallow-water sediment in the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Palaeo–Tethys, and has a Southern Qiangtang and Northern Qiangtang terranes provenance. During the Early Triassic, the carbonate sediments of the Yingshuiquan Formation were deposited in an active environment around the Longmu Co–Shuanghu Palaeo–Tethys, which has became a residual sea basin. 相似文献
10.
鄂东黄石地区下三叠统大冶组风暴沉积 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
鄂东黄石地区下三叠统大冶组灰岩中发育了典型的风暴沉积，风暴岩由砾屑灰岩、颗粒灰岩和泥灰岩组成，其中风暴沉积构造包括丘状交错层理、递变层理、砾屑的撕裂构造及水平层理等，不同层位具有不同的风暴沉积构造类型和组合特征。根据风暴沉积的岩石特征、构造类型、规模、组合特点，并结合沉积背景分析，风暴沉积序列可进一步分为深水远源型、过渡型和浅水近源型。大冶组一段风暴沉积具有深水远源特点，沉积环境为水体较深的外陆棚； 大冶组二段风暴沉积具有过渡型特点，沉积环境为向上变浅的内陆棚； 大冶组三、四段风暴沉积具有浅水近源特点，沉积环境为浅水陆棚至滨岸。大冶组沉积序列具有向上变浅的特点，沉积环境由深水陆棚逐渐向滨岸转变。风暴沉积的识别对重建鄂东黄石地区早三叠世古地理具有重要意义。 相似文献
11.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,(5)
This study is focused on sedimentary environments, facies distribution, and sequence stratigraphy. The facies and sequence stratigraphic analyses of the Bahram Formation(middleelate Devonian) in southcentral Iran are based on two measured stratigraphic sections in the southern Tabas block. The Bahram Formation overlies red sandstones Padeha Formation in sections Hutk and Sardar and is overlain by Carboniferous carbonate deposits of Hutk Formation paraconformably, with a thickness of 354 and386 m respectively. Mixed siliciclastic and carbonate sediments are present in this succession. The field observations and laboratory studies were used to identify 14 micro/petrofacies, which can be grouped into 5 depositional environments: shore, tidal flat, lagoon, shoal and shallow open marine. A mixed carbonate-detrital shallow shelf is suggested for the depositional environment of the Bahram Formation which deepens to the east(Sardar section) and thins in southern locations(Hutk section). Three 3rdorder cyclic siliciclastic and carbonate sequences in the Bahram Formation and one sequence shared with the overlying joint with Hutk Formation are identified, on the basis of shallowing upward patterns in the micro/pertofacies. 相似文献
12.
吉林南部通化二道江剖面新元古界万隆组臼齿构造及其沉积特征 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
吉林南部通化二道江剖面新元古界万隆组广泛发育缓坡碳酸盐岩沉积,其中发育的一种特殊的碳酸盐岩——臼齿碳酸盐岩,近年来引起了中国乃至世界各国地质学家的重视。通过对野外露头的详细观察和描述、室内薄片观察、扫描电镜、能谱分析等测试手段,揭示了二道江剖面万隆组的地层、岩石、臼齿构造(MT)及沉积岩相和沉积环境特征。臼齿构造是特指那些发育在前寒武纪细粒碳酸盐岩中有清晰边界、粒度在0·01mm左右的由等轴或多边形的微亮晶方解石组成的集合体,其形态可分为条带状构造、瘤状构造及棱角碎块状构造。臼齿构造的形成严格受沉积岩相和沉积环境的控制。万隆组由下而上可分为3段第1段下部为发育臼齿构造的纹层状泥晶灰岩、砂屑灰岩及风暴砾屑灰岩,为中—深缓坡沉积环境的产物;上部由浅缓坡相的泥灰岩、钙质页岩、砂屑灰岩与叠层石灰岩组成;第2段为厚层泥晶灰岩和粉屑泥晶灰岩、瘤状灰岩组成的深缓坡相沉积;第3段本剖面未出露。万隆组形成于缓坡沉积环境,其中浅缓坡相可分为4种岩相组合,中缓坡相可分为11种岩相组合,深缓坡相有6种岩相组合。 相似文献
13.
《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2007,47(3):121-134
The Neoproterozoic Zerrissene Turbidite Complex of central-western Namibia comprises five turbiditic units. From the base to the top they are the Zebrapüts Formation (greywacke and pelite), Brandberg West Formation (marble and pelite), Brak River Formation (greywacke and pelite with dropstones), Gemsbok River Formation (marble and pelite) and Amis River Formation (greywacke and pelites with rare carbonates and quartz-wacke).In the Lower Ugab River valley, five siliciclastic facies were recognised in the Brak River Formation. These are massive and laminated sandstones, classical turbidites (thick- and thin-bedded), mudrock, rare conglomerate and breccia. For the carbonate Gemsbok River Formation four facies were identified including massive non-graded and graded calcarenite, fine grained evenly bedded blue marble and calcareous mudrock. Most of these facies are also present in the other siliciclastic units of the Zerrissene Turbidite Complex as observed in other areas.The vertical facies association of the siliciclastic Brak River Formation is interpreted as representing sheet sand lobe to lobe-fringe palaeoenvironment with the abandonment of siliciclastic deposition at the top of the succession. The vertical facies association of the carbonate Gemsbok Formation is interpreted as the slope apron succession overlain by periplatform facies, suggesting a carbonate slope sedimentation of a prograding depositional shelf margin.If the siliciclastic–carbonate paired succession would represent a lowstand relative sea-level and highstand relative sea-level, respectively, the entire turbidite succession of the Zerrissene Turbidite Complex can be interpreted as three depositional sequences including two paired siliciclastic–carbonate units (Zebrapüts-Brandberg West formations; Brak River–Gemsbok formations) and an incomplete succession without carbonate at the top (Amis River Formation). 相似文献
14.
15.
中国碳酸盐风暴岩发育特征及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碳酸盐风暴岩具有重要的古地理和古构造意义,20世纪60-70年代以来,国内外学者就一直对其进行着研究。对比国内外风暴岩研究历程,系统总结近30年来我国碳酸盐风暴岩的研究成果,并归纳风暴岩研究的几点地质意义。我国碳酸盐风暴岩分布在20个省和3个直辖市,层位上分布在中元古界到三叠系,呈现出双峰式分布特征。完整的风暴岩沉积序列从下到上主要有:A—侵蚀底面及砾屑段;B—粒序段;C—平行纹层段;D—丘状纹层段;E1—远源风暴浊流;E2—水平层理泥岩、泥晶灰岩段,其中A段和D段为风暴岩沉积最明显、最有力的证据。结合风暴岩的分布与古地史演化特征,发现古地理环境控制了风暴岩的分布。在此基础上,总结我国碳酸盐风暴岩沉积模式,并阐述我国碳酸盐风暴岩的古纬度与古板块演化意义、古地理意义、地质等时意义和油气矿产意义,以期对碳酸盐风暴岩的研究有所裨益。 相似文献
16.
何玉平 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2020,50(2):500-508
风暴岩对于古地理和古环境具有良好的指相意义。东海盆地西湖凹陷天台区始新世平湖组发育典型的风暴岩。通过详细的岩心观察,发育的风暴沉积标志主要有冲刷-充填构造、风暴撕扯构造和丘状-洼状交错层理构造等。根据风暴岩垂向上的组合特征及沉积构造差异,识别出了近源和远源两种风暴沉积类型,分别指示了不同的沉积背景：近源风暴岩表现为不完整的风暴岩垂向沉积序列,呈风暴砾屑层段（A）+泥岩段（E）叠加,为潮坪潮下带沉积;远源风暴岩具完整和不完整的风暴岩垂向沉积序列,以粒序段（B）+平行层理段（C）+丘状（洼状）层理段（D）叠加为特征,属浅海陆棚沉积。风暴层序自下而上沉积环境为浅海陆棚→潮坪,风暴岩的分布差异表明形成环境向上变浅的沉积特征。该发现为本区古环境的演变提供了重要依据。 相似文献
17.
针对中- 晚三叠世扬子台地的淹没事件,分析了黔西南贞丰挽澜中- 上三叠统竹杆坡组的微相,并讨论了其沉积环境
演变。采用Flügel 标准微相的判别方法共识别出九种微相,包括：纹层状粘结灰岩、微晶藻球粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩、含生物
碎屑泥晶灰岩、棘皮泥晶灰岩、亮晶砂屑鲕粒生物碎屑灰岩、藻团块生物碎屑泥晶灰岩、含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩-P 和泥晶灰
岩-P。九种微相的有序组合和分布位置显示它们形成于快速的潮坪-台地边缘转变过程和漫长的深水陆棚及盆地环境。海
平面变化分析显示,黔西南中- 晚三叠世竹杆坡组沉积期的海平面变化不同于扬子台地主体,无论是二级旋回还是三级旋
回都响应于全球海平面变化。 相似文献
18.
Unusual intraclastic limestones in Lower Triassic carbonates and their bearing on the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Flat pebble conglomerates were a common carbonate facies in Cambrian to Early Ordovician open marine settings, but they become extremely rare in these environments after this time. However, the Early Triassic witnessed an anachronistic reappearance of flat pebbles, together with other intraclast types, in a range of carbonate depositional settings. In south China, flat pebble conglomerates are encountered in storm-dominated, platform carbonates to deep basinal settings, while prefossilized bivalve intraclasts and flat pebbles are common in mid-ramp facies of northern Italy. The emplacement mechanisms of the intraclast-bearing beds appear to have been diverse and to have included basinal turbidity flows and storm-generated hyperconcentrated flows: true storm beds, deposited under combined flow conditions, are rare. The cause of the widespread early lithification implied by the Early Triassic intraclasts appears to have been twofold: suppression of bioturbation, allowing the preservation of thin beds, and rapid submarine lithification. Both features appear to be a response to the widespread development of benthic dysoxia/anoxia during and following the end-Permian mass extinction. This event appears to have temporarily recreated the conditions that pertained in Cambro-Ordovician shelf seas. Flat pebble conglomerates may, therefore, constitute a proxy indicator of stressed environmental conditions associated with global anoxic/dysoxic events. 相似文献
19.
四川省广安市桂兴镇响水村下三叠统飞仙关组地质剖面,位于华蓥山背斜的西翼,其古地理位置位于早三叠世川东碳酸盐台地西侧。对该剖面的详细研究,有利于恢复飞仙关期川东碳酸盐台地西侧的沉积演化过程。响水剖面飞仙关组一段属于半局限浅海陆棚和开阔台地含泥灰岩沉积。飞仙关组二段下部为碳酸盐台地西缘斜坡相及开阔台地相;其上部为较稳定的开阔台地沉积。飞仙关组三段是碳酸盐台缘鲕滩和开阔台地沉积。飞仙关组四段属于典型的混积台地潮坪沉积。川东碳酸盐台地西侧飞仙关组由两个向上变浅的沉积旋回组成,第2个沉积旋回是碳酸盐台地向西增生和鲕滩发育的主要时期。 相似文献
20.
新疆库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木群为与广海连通不畅的半封闭局限海湾-蒸发潟湖环境沉积，它应是新特提斯洋向北的延伸部分，其中的碳酸盐岩主要为海相蒸发潮坪环境的潮上带膏云坪，潮间带生屑滩、砂屑滩、鲕滩和潮下带泥晶灰岩、泥岩、泥晶云岩等。白垩系巴什基奇克组底部的灰黑色泥灰岩为深湖环境的沉积，分布较局限，仅见于克拉201井；白垩系巴什基奇克组中部的浅灰色透镜状泥灰岩结核是典型干旱陆上暴露环境的产物，仅在库车河剖面见零星分布。侏罗系湖相碳酸盐岩主要分布在恰克马克组，其次是阳霞组和克孜勒努尔组，在卡普沙良河剖面的恰克马克组上部，可见到大量的叠层石灰岩，它们主要形成于能量较强的浅湖环境；深灰色泥晶灰岩常与灰黑色泥岩伴生，是深湖-半深湖环境产物。以上这些不同时期不同沉积环境的碳酸盐岩具有不同规律的微量元素和碳、氧同位素特征，它们对于研究库车坳陷的沉积环境变迁和盆地演化具有重要意义。个别样品地球化学数据的偏差不能代表对整体沉积环境的判别，所以碳酸盐岩沉积环境的判别需要结合共生岩石沉积构造、沉积组合序列、古生物和沉积地球化学等资料进行综合分析。 相似文献