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城镇周边土壤中含铅矿物的环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对长江下游南京至苏州一带铅污染土壤中含铅矿物的鉴定识别和来源分析,确定土壤中铅的来源,既有附近含铅矿床开采过程中带出的含铅矿物,也有人为叠加的成分。作为相对稳定的含铅矿物,方铅矿、白铅矿和人工含铅颗粒含量越高,土壤中有效态铅所占比例就越低。对Pb异常土壤中含Pb矿物的研究,可以解释土壤与农作物籽实中铅含量间的复杂关系,同时也可以为生态地球化学评价标准和预测预警方案的制定提供参考。 相似文献
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土壤剖面元素分布及其地质、环境意义 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：18
土壤垂直剖面上物化性质，矿物和化学组成的深入研究，可以提供有关成土母质，成壤演化作用的重要信息，识别人类活动叠加的污染强度和影响深度，为土壤地球化学背景值调查，土壤污染及其生态环境影响的评价，环境地球化学灾害的监控与预菟研究提供科学的方法和依据。根据广东珠江三角洲，湖北江汉平原，四川成都盆地部分土壤剖面实测资料，分析研究了土壤化学组成的剖面变化与成土母质类型及组成，土壤成熟度和污染影响的关系。探讨了土壤剖面地球化学特征的地质与环境指示意义，判断分析了土壤受到的污染叠加作用及其影响深度。 相似文献
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基于福建省龙海市4类典型成土母质的垂向土壤剖面样品分析数据,研究了常量组分和微量元素含量及剖面分布特征。结果表明:研究区在温暖湿润气候条件下,化学风化作用强烈,Ca、Mg、Na、Si、K淋失贫化,含量明显低于全国均值,Al、Fe则相对富集,风化淋溶系数(ba)和硅铝铁率(Saf)值远低于全国土壤,土壤风化程度达到脱硅富铝铁阶段,花岗岩类成土母岩区风化作用尤为强烈;剖面土壤环境质量总体较好,微量元素含量与成土母质密切有关,九龙江口冲海积成因(剖面1)土壤重金属含量明显高于其他3个剖面;多数微量元素垂向分布受常量组分的控制,As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn与土壤中Fe等组分具有显著正相关性。因表层土壤中细粒黏质组分随地表径流淋失或下渗迁移,导致表层土壤低Fe、Al和重金属元素;在生物地球化学循环和人为污染的影响下,Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn等在表层土壤呈富集特征;多数重金属元素的相对富集系数小于1.0,且表层土壤无明显富集特征,认为除Hg、Pb等少数重金属元素外,其他元素受人为污染影响较小。 相似文献
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耕地质量关系着人民生活,而重金属是影响耕地质量的重要因素之一。根据全国土壤污染状况调查显示,中国耕地环境状况不容乐观,对耕地的重金属调查分析迫在眉睫。但仅简单地对重金属含量水平及来源类型进行判断已不足以为区域土壤重金属污染治理提供支持,而通过对各类污染源贡献率的定量计算,不仅可以明确农田土壤重金属分布特征,同时可判别污染源类别及来源,从而识别优先控制的污染元素,为重金属污染精准管控提供关键信息。本文采集河南荥阳市耕地表层土壤样品(0～20cm),应用电感耦合等离子体质谱和发射光谱法(ICP-MS/OES)、原子荧光光谱法(AFS)及离子选择电极法(IES)对As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种重金属进行测试和p H分析;利用多元统计、绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(APCS-MLR)受体模型探讨研究区8种重金属污染含量空间分布特征及来源,利用富集因子和地累积指数开展土壤污染评价。结果表明：(1)耕地土壤中重金属含量整体偏高。除Cr外,其他元素为郑州市土壤背景值的1.04～1.40倍,其中Cd的累积效应较明显。(2)研究区重金属高值区主要分布于荥阳市城区周边。(3)基于富集因... 相似文献
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通过对葫芦河流域与已知优质苹果产区———五方河流域之间土壤养分、盐量和微量元素的丰缺水平对比研究,证实葫芦河流域新积土无论常量养分、可溶性岩离子含量,还是微量元素含量水平总体高于五方河流域的新积土,土质更优于黄绵土,具备开发为优质果品生产基地的地质条件。为土地资源的利用和生态环境保护提供了新的依据。 相似文献
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通过洞庭湖平原与周边丘岗山地区深、表层土壤中54项指标的地球化学分析对比,研究成壤过程中元素的自然分异和人为叠加作用造成的土壤元素含量在垂向上的差异;以深层土壤为参照,求解区域土壤的地球化学背景值和基准值,并以此为标准提出表层土壤污染等级划分的地球化学方法。 相似文献
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我国平原地区土壤地球化学异常普遍存在,但是目前对这些异常的成因缺乏系统认识。这里以长春和南京地区的Hg、Cd异常试验研究结果为例,利用元素相关关系法,对此进行了系统研究。结果表明,城镇及其周边地区的土壤地球化学异常,异常组分叠加量表现出表层累积型特点,此类异常的成因与人类活动有关。分布在河流沿岸的土壤地球化学异常,在垂向上,异常组分叠加量表现出了连续型分布特点,且异常组分含量主要受土壤物质组成的控制,此类异常是在河流沉积物自然沉积过程中形成的。 相似文献
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为科学合理地评价安徽黄泛区农用地土壤环境质量,为土地资源科学规划、土地分类管理、农业安全种植、耕地保护及土壤污染修复提供基础依据,采用综合考虑土壤背景值、环境质量标准及元素价态效应的评价方法,即土壤综合质量指数法进行区域土壤环境质量评价,并对土壤重金属超背景的成因进行分析。结果显示,研究区土壤环境质量较好,为I等清洁土壤。土壤中的重金属相对影响当量（RIE）较小,重金属含量低于《土壤环境质量：农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》（GB 15618—2018）中相应土壤污染风险筛选值;土壤重金属测定值偏离背景值程度（DDDB）较大,71.6%的样点土壤重金属含量超过了安徽淮北—亳州平原区土壤背景值,土壤超背景的元素以Cu为主,表层土壤中Cu高背景受人类活动影响明显;土壤环境质量标准偏离背景值的程度较大（DDSB=24.5）,土壤的重金属负载容量较大,具备一定的外源重金属缓冲能力。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献