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海绵标本长期、完整的保存是开展海绵分类学及分子进化研究的重要前提, 本研究以建立通用的海绵动物标本的保存方法及快速、完整的基因组DNA 提取方法为主要目的, 通过对硅质的山海绵(Mycale sp.)和钙质的白枝海绵(Leucosoleniidae sp.)为材料进行–20℃冰冻、乙醇固定、冰冻后风干和乙醇固定后风干等4 种保存方法进行研究, 同时采用酚-氯仿法、高盐法、CTAB 法等3 种基因组DNA提取方法, 测试了4 种保存方法的DNA 提取效率。实验结果显示, 海绵样品的4 种保存方法以及3 种DNA 提取方法对于硅质海绵以及钙质海绵虽然在提取的DNA 得率上有差异, 但都能获得较高纯度基因组DNA。从经济成本、方便性、潜在的污染等因素考虑, 高盐法是首选的提取海绵基因组DNA 的方法; 乙醇固定保存的海绵样品DNA 得率最高, 冰冻的海绵样品得率最低, 推荐采用乙醇固定保存海绵样品的方法。 相似文献
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在纤毛虫的分子生物学研究中,单细胞基因组DNA的微量提取是后续基因分析的关键。本研究以海洋纤毛虫红色伪角毛虫为材料,采用直接取完整虫体、裂解法以及3种改良后的试剂盒微量提取DNA方法,分别提取了新鲜样品与4种不同方法保存样品的基因组DNA,比较了9种组合在PCR产物质量、提取所需时间、成本及便捷性方面的优劣,并进一步比较、讨论和探索了4种样品保存方法和5种DNA微量提取方法在纤毛虫单细胞基因组PCR扩增中的可行性。本工作旨在为后续的纤毛虫分子生物学研究提供可资借鉴的技术路线和方法。 相似文献
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海湾扇贝样品不同保存条件下DNA的提取及RAPD扩增比较 总被引：17，自引：4，他引：17
以海湾扇贝为材料，研究了鲜活样品以及采用冷冻保存、70％乙醇固定和10％福尔马林固定等方法保存的闭壳肌样品用于DNA提取的不同效果，并分析了不同保存条件下所提得DNA用于RAPD扩增的结果，研究表明，鲜活样品以及采肜冷冻保存和70％乙醇固定的样品可以得到很好的DNA，其质量和得率没有显著差异，利用上述DNA模板进行RAPD分析，可以获得一致性很好的扩增结果。10％福尔马林休固定样品则没有得到可用的DNA模板。采用70％乙醇固定保存海洋生物组织，是用于DNA提取及相关的分子生物学研究的快速、简易和有效的方法。 相似文献
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不同保存方法的大黄鱼肌肉样品基因组DNA提取及RAPD分析 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
以－20℃冷藏、70％（V／V）乙醇、含50mmol/dm^3 EDTA的70％（V／V）乙醇和10％（V／V）福尔马林保存等方法处理大黄鱼肌肉样品，进行了DNA的提取及RAPD分析，并与新鲜样品作了对照。实验结果表明，鲜活样品以及冷冻保存、70％（V／V）乙醇以及含50mmol/dm^3EDTA的70％（V／V）乙醇保存的样品均可得到高质量的DNA，大小在21kbp左右，含量为100μm/cm^3左右。而从10％（V／V）福尔马林保存样品也能提到DNA，但其DNA得率低，约10μg/cm^3。分别以上述提取的DNA为模板进行RAPD扩增，未见有明显的差异。 相似文献
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通过2种样品前处理方式和4种不同的DNA提取方法相结合,提取橘色刺柳珊瑚(Echinogoria aurantiaca)基因组DNA,并对其18S rRNA基因进行了克隆和测序。实验结果表明,对于2种样品前处理方式,采用纯酒精进行样品前处理比PBS(磷酸缓冲液)进行样品前处理效果要好。在4种不同的DNA提取方法中,以CTAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)法提取基因组DNA效果最好,其余3种方法如PVP(聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮)法、高盐法和酚/氯仿法的提取效果较差。并且不同样品的钙质沉淀对DNA都有一定程度的吸附。最后,通过PCR扩增、克隆测序得到橘色刺柳珊瑚18S rRNA基因序列(AY962532)。BLAST软件进行序列比对表明橘色刺柳珊瑚与弱柳珊瑚(Leptogorgia chilensis)的18S rRNA基因(AF052928)同源性最高,为98.79%。 相似文献
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通过对CTAB法、SDS法和植物基因组提取试剂盒3种方法提取江蓠Gracilaria总DNA的得率比较,并将得到的总DNA用于限制性酶切和PCR扩增反应进行纯度检测,选择出适合江蓠属总DNA的提取方法,建立了江蓠RAPD、ISSR和ITS等遗传多样性和系统学研究的分子生物学方法.实验结果表明,SDS法和植物基因组提取试剂盒均适用于江蓠总DNA的提取;其中SDS法适用于新鲜和冰冻材料的总DNA提取,不仅得率和纯度高,且方法稳定性好,提取时间较短,在本实验中是江蓠总DNA提取的最佳方法.植物基因组提取试剂盒的得率低,但质量好,操作快速简便,适用于大量新鲜样本总DNA的提取.CTAB法由于相对耗时长且产物稳定性差,不推荐在江蓠中使用. 相似文献
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黄河口邻近水域中华哲水蚤现场食物组成的分子生物学检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
浮游桡足类是海洋初级生产力和高级营养级之间能量传递的重要中介,对自然海区桡足类食物组成的研究是深入了解其在海洋食物网所处生态地位的关键。然而,由于研究方法的局限,目前很难获取桡足类准确的现场摄食信息。本文用分子生物学方法研究了黄河口邻近水域中华哲水蚤的现场食物组成,对现场采集固定的中华哲水蚤样品进行清洗、去除附肢、镜检等处理,研磨匀浆后提取总基因组DNA。基于对以此DNA为模板扩增出的非桡足类核糖体小亚基基因(non-copepod 18SrDNA)序列的分析,本文共检测出属于8个门的中华哲水蚤的潜在食物种类。研究结果表明,PCR的分子生物学技术在桡足类摄食研究中具有强大的效用,同时,诸多潜在食物类群的发现也意味着利用分子生物学方法对桡足类及其它海洋生物现场食物组成进行深入系统研究,将有利于揭示海洋生态系统结构与功能的真实状态,促进海洋生态系统物质循环和能量流动的研究。 相似文献
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对有孔虫的DNA进行有效保存及提取是开展有孔虫分子鉴定工作的前提。本研究以探索适合玻璃质壳类底栖有孔虫的DNA保存及提取方法为目的,以中国近海优势属——玻璃质类底栖有孔虫卷转虫属(Ammonia spp.)为模式生物,考察不同温度(20—120°C,间隔10°C)烘干、冷冻(–20°C、–80°C,有水、无水)以及脱氧胆酸钠裂解液(Na deoxycholate,简称DOC)处理(含和不含EDTA)保存有孔虫DNA方法,同时进行了DOC裂解液法和Guanidine裂解液法对Ammonia spp.DNA提取效能的比较。结果显示,烘干保存法中20°C组和30°C组显著优于40°C组(P0.05);冷冻保存法中无水组显著优于有水组(P0.05);DOC裂解液保存法各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。三种保存方法综合效果表现为冷冻组显著优于烘干组和裂解液组(P0.05);两种DNA提取方法的提取效果都很好,但DOC法更廉价且操作简便。本文给出了一套适用于玻璃质壳类有孔虫的DNA保存和提取的优化方案。 相似文献
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在企鹅珍珠贝遗传育种研究中,为保证在贝类存活的条件下获得其DNA信息,采用企鹅珍珠贝(Pteria penguin)贝壳边缘和足丝研究非致死性DNA提取方法。不同于贝壳获取过程中会对实验贝体产生一定损伤,足丝是无生命的细胞外纤维束,其获取方法简单且属于非损伤性取样,对实验贝几乎无伤害,是潜在的获取具足丝贝类基因组DNA的优良材料。本研究采用脱钙与未脱钙两种处理方式,并结合海洋动物组织基因组DNA提取试剂盒法及有机溶剂萃取法(OSE)提取贝壳及足丝DNA,对获得的贝壳DNA及足丝DNA进行PCR扩增。结果显示,足丝有机溶剂法(OSE法)提取效率显著高于贝壳DNA提取方法,脱钙足丝与未脱钙足丝的DNA提取效率无显著差异,分别为(0.016 7±0.002 9)μg/mg和(0.016 1±0.003 1)μg/mg。未脱钙足丝的OSE法获得的DNA产物纯度最优, A260/280值为1.400 0±0.040 0,A260/230值显著高于贝壳DNA及足丝DNA的其他提取方法,为0.910 0±0.080 0。除脱钙贝壳OSE法外,其他所有DNA提取方法均可用于后续PCR扩增,测序结果表明... 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献