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Geórgenes Hilário Cavalcante Björn Kjerfve Bastiaan Knoppers David A. Feary 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010
We examined and compared tidal currents and water column structure between a near-shore station (12 km from the coast) and an offshore station (32 km from the coast) adjacent to the Caeté River, Pará Region, Brazil. Although the coastal system of Pará is largely influenced by local tides and wind, we found substantial differences in the dominant forcing agents between stations. Water column dynamics at the near-shore station were largely affected by local tidal processes, while differences between surface and bottom layer flows also indicated the importance of gravitational circulation at this station and a substantial influence of the adjacent Caeté River discharge. In comparison, at the offshore station, water column structure was largely influenced by a semi-diurnal tidal flow, an along-coastal current flow (mainly associated with the North Brazil Current) and the dynamics of local wind flow. The near-shore station at low tide showed a high level of stratification; at high tide such stratification was reduced. In comparison, stratification was only apparent within the upper 6 m at the offshore station, the rest of the water column was relatively well-mixed. The stratification within Station 1 at low tide was a result of the bi-directional movement of water discharged from the Caeté River, with lower salinity surface water and high salinity bottom water resulting in an estuarine-like circulation environment. The spatial variability and lack of correlation in current flow and water column structure between the near-shore and offshore stations suggest that a flow field resulting from differences in local circulation, tidal variability and wind persistence separate areas. We argue that this separation may indicate that the offshore station is located in a transition region between the Caeté River waters and the local coastal area. 相似文献
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在渤海内,M2分潮有两个无潮点,一个在秦皇岛东面,另一个位于渤海湾至莱州湾之间。此外,渤海海峡附近还有一个K1分潮的无潮点。埕岛油田位于M2分潮无潮点和K1分潮波的腹部附近。整个石油开发区半日潮差均较小,其中以东南部最小,西北部有明显增加。全日潮差由东北向西南增加,变化幅度较小。在一般天气条件下,海面高度主要决定于潮汐,潮差不大,但在台风影响下,可能引起异常的增水,寒潮可以引起大的减水或增水。国内不少单位在黄河口做过潮汐观测,但资料甚少。埕岛油田位于黄河口的西北部,海上水位资料十分缺乏。我们利用12井位和20井位进行了4个月的水位观测,使用Aanderaa水位计,取样间隔为15min。岸边站(3站)是在岸边打桩,使用滚筒式水位计,获得了一年的水位观测资料,这些资料十分宝贵。本文详细地分析了该区域的水位特征,并给出施工设计需要的各个参数。 相似文献
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本文利用普林斯顿海洋模式(POM),建立了渤、黄海风增水预报模式和渤海湾水位海流预报模式;利用正交曲线网格提高重点区域的分辨率;采用美国海洋大气局(NOAA)全球预报风场和气压场作为模式表面强迫场,将计算域边界上的天文潮预报值与风增水模式预报的余水位相叠加构建模式的边界条件,在正压条件下,模拟了渤海湾2002年的水位流场过程。结果表明,模式能够较好地再现计算域内天文潮和综合水位的预报,域内10个潮位站模式与实测分析的m1和M2分潮的振幅与迟角差均不超过5.1cm和6.3°,15个潮流站模式与实测分析的m1和M2分潮流的振幅与迟角差均不超过7.5cm/s和15.8°,模式预报的水位值与塘沽站实测值非常接近,预报精度较单纯的天文潮预报有明显提高。 相似文献
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辐射沙脊群潮滩地形遥感遥测构建 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
潮滩地形是合理开发利用潮间带滩涂最重要的指标之一。滩涂水边线测量法是目前公认的具有可操作性的滩涂地形遥感测量方法。本文以水边线测量方法为基础,提出一种基于水位测站基线的潮滩地形遥感遥测构建方法。以江苏沿海大面积潮滩为研究区,将该区域自建的4座水位测站的连线作为水位测站基线,结合不同潮情下采集的遥感影像提取的滩涂水边线数据,通过水位测站基线计算滩涂水边线高程,从而构建出辐射沙脊群潮滩地形。采用实测地形数据进行检验,结果表明:构建的DEM能够反应当前潮滩的基本形态,平面精度达30 m,垂直精度达20 cm。 相似文献
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Unlike in the open sea, the use of wind information for forecasting waves may encounter more ambiguous uncertainties in the coastal or harbor area due to the influence of complicated geometric configurations. Thus this paper attempts to forecast the waves based on learning the characteristics of observed waves, rather than the use of the wind information. This is reported in this paper by the application of the artificial neural network (ANN), in which the back-propagation algorithm is employed in the learning process for obtaining the desired results. This model evaluated the interconnection weights among multi-stations based on the previous short-term data, from which a time series of waves at a station can be generated for forecasting or data supplement based on using the neighbor stations data. Field data are used for testing the applicability of the ANN model. The results show that the ANN model performs well for both wave forecasting and data supplement when using a short-term observed wave data. 相似文献
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台湾海峡1989年初冬海面温度场和流系的卫星遥感初析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
应用NOAA卫星AVHRR热红外遥感数据,通过计算机运算处理获得的海面温度专题图象,对台湾海峡及其邻近海域1989年初冬海面温度场及流系(黑潮、台湾暖流、浙闽沿岸流、南海暖流及台湾浅滩上升流)进行初步分析,利用卫星遥感手段佐证了过去用传统海面船测方法得出的一些结论,并获得了一些与过去有异的结果,得出1989年初冬浙闽沿岸流可达福建泉州湾和厦门港附近等结论,同时发现了该海域流系边界形成的几处波长在30～100km不等的切变波. 相似文献
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ATOVS反演数据在大气中尺度模式MM5中的同化试验 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于中国海洋大学卫星地面站接收到的NOAA系列卫星数据,利用1种神经网络反演方法获取大气温度、湿度及风矢量垂直廓线数据。以2004年第14号台风"云娜"为例,在中尺度气象模式MM5中运用松弛逼近法对这些反演数据进行了一系列同化试验。结果表明:仅同化温度与湿度的效果比同时同化风矢量、温度与湿度的效果好;台风的路径与强度有所改善,不采用人造涡旋方案时同化效果相对采用人造涡旋方案时更能体现出改进作用。 相似文献
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Application of satellite infrared data for mapping of thermal plume contamination in coastal ecosystem of Korea 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The 5900 MW Younggwang nuclear power station on the west coast of Korea discharges warm water affecting coastal ecology [KORDI report (2003). Wide area observation of the impact of the operation of Younggwang nuclear power plant 5 and 6, No. BSPI 319-00-1426-3, KORDI, Seoul, Korea]. Here the spatial and temporal characteristics of the thermal plume signature of warm water are reported from a time series (1985-2003) of space-borne, thermal infrared data from Landsat and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellites. Sea surface temperature (SST) were characterized using advanced very high resolution radiometer data from the NOAA satellites. These data demonstrated the general pattern and extension of the thermal plume signature in the Younggwang coastal areas. In contrast, the analysis of SST from thematic mapper data using the Landsat-5 and 7 satellites provided enhanced information about the plume shape, dimension and direction of dispersion in these waters. The thermal plume signature was detected from 70 to 100 km to the south of the discharge during the summer monsoon and 50 to 70 km to the northwest during the winter monsoon. The mean detected plume temperature was 28 degrees C in summer and 12 degrees C in winter. The DeltaT varied from 2 to 4 degrees C in winter and 2 degrees C in summer. These values are lower than the re-circulating water temperature (6-9 degrees C). In addition the temperature difference between tidal flats and offshore (SSTtidal flats - SSToffsore) was found to vary from 5.4 to 8.5 degrees C during the flood tides and 3.5 degrees C during the ebb tide. The data also suggest that water heated by direct solar radiation on the tidal flats during the flood tides might have been transported offshore during the ebb tide. Based on these results we suggest that there is an urgent need to protect the health of Younggwang coastal marine ecosystem from the severe thermal impact by the large quantity of warm water discharged from the Younggwang nuclear power plant. 相似文献
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《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(2):191-207
The Gironde estuary (France) discharges to the ocean an important amount of suspended particulate matter in the form of turbid plumes. The surface plume is more particularly studied from coastal oceanographic surveys and NOAA/AVHRR satellite data collected during a French programme of coastal oceanography (PNOC-Atlantic). The AVHRR reflectances are atmospherically corrected according to an algorithm based on the clear water concept. The comparison with suspended sediment concentrations are realised by direct and indirect calibrations. The correlations obtained show that at a same concentration the reflectance varies, probably because of varying particle (floc) size and composition. The shape and the surface measured from low resolution (4 km × 4 km) and high resolution (1 km × 1 km) AVHRR data are then compared to the forcings introduced by the fluvial output, the tide, neap and spring tide and the wind variations. The latter have an important effect on the orientation of the distal part of the turbid plume. 相似文献
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Evaluation of GEV model for frequency analysis of annual maximum water levels in the coast of United States 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The three-parameter generalized-extreme-value (GEV) model has been recommended by FEMA [FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency of the United States), 2004. Final Draft Guidelines for Coastal Flood Hazard Analysis and Mapping for the Pacific Coast of the United States. http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=2188] for frequency analysis of annual maximum water levels in the Pacific coast of the United States. Yet, the GEV model's performance in other coastal areas still needs to be evaluated. The GEV model combines three types of probability distributions into one expression. The probability distributions can be defined by one of the three parameters of the GEV model. In this study, annual maximum water levels at nine water-level stations with long history data (more than 70 years) were chosen for analysis in five coastal areas: Pacific, Northeast Atlantic, East Atlantic, Southeast Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico coasts. Parameters of the GEV model are estimated by the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method. Results indicate that probability distributions are characterized by the GEV Type III model at stations in the Pacific, Northeast, and East Atlantic coastal areas, while they are described by GEV Type II in stations of the Southeast Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastal areas. GEV model predictions of extreme water levels show good correlation to observations with correlation coefficients of 0.89 to 0.99. For predictions of 10% annual maximum water levels, the GEV model predictions are very good with errors equal to or less than 5% for all nine stations. Comparison of observations and GEV model estimations of annual maximum water levels for the longest recorded return periods, close to 100 years, revealed errors equal to or less than 5% for stations in the Pacific and Northeast Atlantic coastal areas. However, the errors range from 10% to 28% for other stations located in the East and Southeast Atlantic coasts as well as Gulf of Mexico coastal areas. Findings from this study suggest caution regarding the magnitudes of errors in applying the GEV model to the East and Southeast Atlantic coasts and Gulf of Mexico coast for estimating 100-year annual maximum water levels for coastal flood analysis. 相似文献
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The fishery harbor of Karaburun coastal village is located at the south west coast of the Black Sea. The significant waves coming from north eastern direction cause considerable rate of sediment transport along 4 km sandy beach towards the fishery harbor in the region. The resulting sediment deposition near and inside the harbor entrance prevents the boat traffic and cause a vital problem for the harbor operations. In order to determine the level and reasons of the sediment transport, the long-term observations of shoreline changes, the long-term statistical analysis of wind and wave characteristics in the region, and sediment properties have been performed. The data obtained from observations, measurements and analysis were discussed. The long-term statistics of deep water significant wave heights for each direction was discussed by comparing the results obtained from different data sources and methods. For shoreline evolution, the numerical study using one-line model was applied to describe the shoreline changes with respect to probable wave conditions. Initial shoreline was obtained from the digitized image in 1996 since there was no previous shoreline measurement of the site. The results were compared using the techniques of remote sensing obtained from sequent images using IKONOS and IRS1C/D satellites. 相似文献
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Samples from eleven stations in the Sargasso Sea, Slope Water, and continental shelf water of the Northwest Atlantic have been analyzed for total iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Vertical profiles for iron and associated temperature and nutrient data were obtained at the five open-ocean stations. Data from six stations provided a transect across the continental shelf into the apex of the New York Bight.At open-ocean stations, iron was depleted near the surface to levels of about 1–2 nmol kg?1 and increased to levels of about 4–7 nmol kg?1 in the vicinity of the oxygen minimum. A characteristic bottom-water maximum was observed at stations where closely spaced, near-bottom sampling was conducted. This feature was due at least partially to resuspension of particulate iron associated with the nepheloid layer.Comparison of total iron concentrations (available upon digestion in concentrated nitric acid) to those of filtered samples (0.4 μm) at one Slope Water station indicated that about 40% of the available iron in the water column was associated with the particulate phase. Near the surface, in the vicinity of the chlorophyll maximum, iron was present almost totally in particulate form. The dissolved fraction increased to approximately 50% at the nutrient maximum and approached 100% in the mid-portion of the water column. In deeper waters, the particulate fraction again became important, increasing to approximately 80% of the total iron in the near-bottom maximum.In the apex of the New York Bight, iron levels in excess of 200 and 500 nmol kg?1 were observed in surface and bottom waters, respectively. In the mid-continental shelf region, the iron distribution does not appear to be greatly influenced by coastal sources; within 65 km of the coastline, iron levels approached open-ocean values. 相似文献
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利用中国沿岸验潮站GNSS和邻近地区陆态网络GNSS基准站观测数据,结合卫星高度计和验潮站海平面观测数据分析了中国沿海验潮站及其邻近地区陆地垂直运动特征。中国沿海海平面观测以及验潮站和陆态网GNSS基准站观测结果显示,中国沿海省区市及沿海验潮站陆地垂直运动总体表现为：辽宁至江苏沿海上升、上海至福建泉州沿海沉降、福建厦门至广西沿海升降交替的格局,局部滨海平原地区如华北平原天津南部、河北平原的沧县则表现出显著的沉降特征。验潮站陆地的抬升与沉降是沿海相对海平面变化的重要组成部分,准确掌握验潮站及其邻近区域的陆地垂直运动特征,可为沿海相对海平面变化分析、海平面变化影响评估以及未来海平面上升预测提供依据。 相似文献
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海中悬移质是决定海洋光学性质、海洋水质,河口海岸带演变动力过程的重要环境参数。本文利用模拟遥感反射比数据集建立人工神经网络反演悬移质浓度,并利用东中国海现场同步数据对该算法进行验证。 相似文献
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The long-term variation and seasonal variation of sea level have a notable effect on the calculation of engineering water level. Such an effect is first analyzed in this paper. The maximal amplitude of inter-annual anomaly of monthly mean sea level along the China coast is larger than 60 cm. Both the storm surge disaster and cold wave disaster are seasonal disasters in various regions, so the water level corresponding to the 1% of the cumulative frequency in the cumulative frequency curve of hourly water level data for different seasons in various sea areas is different from design water level, for example, the difference between them reaches maximum in June, July and August for northern sea area, and maximum in September, October and November for Southern China Sea. The hourly water level data of 19 gauge stations along the China coast are analyzed. Firstly, the annual mean sea level for every station is obtained; secondly, linear chan ging rates of annual mean sea level are obtained with the stochasti 相似文献
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A tracer model with random diffusion coupled to the hydrodynamic model for the Zhujiang River Estuary (Pearl River Estuary, PRE) is to examine the effect of circulations on the transport of completely conservative pollutants. It is focused on answering the following questions: (1) What role does the estuarine plume front in the winter play in affecting the pollutants transport and its distribution in the PRE ? (2) What effect do the coastal currents driven by the monsoon have on the pollutants transport? The tracer experiment results show that: (1) the pollutant transport paths strongly depend on the circulation structures and plume frontal dynamics of the PRE and coastal waters; (2) during the summer when a southwesterly monsoon prevails, the pollutants from the four easterly river inlets and those from the bottom layer of offshore stations will greatly influence the water quality in Hong Kong waters, however, the pollutants released from the four westerly river-inlets will seldom affect the water quality of Hong Kong waters due to their transport away from Hong Kong; (3) during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails, all pollutants released from the eight river gates will be laterally transported seaward inside the estuary and transport westward in the coastal waters along the river plume frontal zone. However, pollutants released from the surface layer of offshore stations near or east of the Dangan Channel will be carried into the coastal waters of Hong Kong by the landward component of the westward coastal current driven by the winter northeasterly monsoon. But the pollutants from the bottom layer of the offshore stations will be carried away from the offshore by the bottom flow driven by the northeasterly monsoon. This implies that only surface-released matter from offshore stations will affect the water quality of the coastal waters around Hong Kong during the winter when a northeasterly monsoon prevails. 相似文献