共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
盆地演化与地球动力学旋回 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
盆地演化受地球演化节律所制约，节律由多层次构成。地球动力学旋回主要有３个级序：（１）超级大陆旋回，主要由羽柱构造的地幔对流动力学所控制，产生超级大陆的裂解和拼合，形成全球性同步隆升与沉降的克拉通盆地；（２）地槽旋回或造山旋回，主要由板块构造的岩石圈运动学所控制，按威尔逊旋回进展，发育各类盆地和造山带，形成“区域性”穿时开合与“非对称”互补；（３）褶皱幕或裂陷幕，主要由地体构造与拆层作用几何学所控制，产生盆地内各种构造样式和沉积样式，形成地方性的穿时递进变形，发育幕式变形和幕式沉积作用等。 相似文献
2.
A foreland basin succession has been identified in the Frasnian of the Central Pyrenees. This succession comprises a carbonate-dominated transgressive system which recorded the cratonward migration of the foreland basin subsidence, and siliciclastic depocenters which recorded the progression of the thrust-fold deformation. The foreland basin system has always been maintained in deep-marine environments, i.e., at an underfilled depositional state. It was associated with a thrust wedge which descended toward a deep-marine hinterland, i.e., with a type of orogenic wedge usually related to subduction zones. The Frasnian foreland basin system differs from the one known in the Carboniferous which evolved to overfilled depositional state and was associated with a thrust wedge rising toward a mountainous hinterland. Consequently, the Hercynian orogeny in the Pyrenees seems to result first, from a Frasnian thrusting controlled by a subduction zone located north of the Pyrenees, and second, from a Carboniferous thrusting controlled by the surrection of a frontal thrust belt in the Pyrenees. The association of underfilled foreland basin systems and hinterland-dipping thrust wedges, as exemplified in the Frasnian of the Pyrenees, can be interpreted as illustrative of the initial stages of thrust-wedge growth in deep-marine settings. 相似文献
3.
构造活动盆地的层序地层与构造地层分析--以中国中、新生代构造活动湖盆分析为例 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23
中国中、新生代构造相对活动的断陷或陆内前陆盆地充填序列一般可划分出5个级别具有地层对比意义的层序地层单元。层序构成和沉积体系域的发育分布受到盆地形成演化过程中各种构造作用的控制。盆地规模的沉积旋回多是盆地幕式裂陷、多幕挤压挠曲沉降、多期构造反转、断块差异沉降等构造作用的沉积响应;高频层序单元的发育则主要与湖平面和沉积物供给量的变化有关。不同构造演化阶段的层序结构和沉积体系域构成等存在显著差异,主要取决于古构造格架和同沉积构造的活动。构造坡折带是由构造活动所产生的、对沉积作用具有长期控制作用的古沉积斜坡或古地貌突变带,在断陷或前陆等盆地中普遍发育,其识别对阐明盆内沉积体系域,特别是构成重要油气藏的低位域的分布和预测具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
右江盆地层序充填动力学初探 总被引：25，自引：4，他引：21
在盆地分析及层序地层研究成果基础上,采用层序 -盆地 -地球系统的动态成因分析方法,对右江盆地进行了初步的层序充填动力学研究。首次识别出 5个级别的层序界面及相应的沉积层序,讨论了层序界面与地质事件、层序级别与盆地类型等的关系,进而建立了右江盆地层序地层格架。通过对裂谷盆地层序发育明显受同沉积断裂及基底沉降控制的分析,建立了层序成因与盆地构造活动的关系模型。在此基础上,探讨了层序充填动力学过程及其与盆地演化的关系。右江盆地层序充填过程包括陆内裂陷、陆缘裂谷、弧后裂谷和前陆造山四个阶段,经历了海西 -印支期由拉张到挤压的完整构造旋回。 相似文献
5.
前陆盆地挠曲沉降正演模型的设计与实现——以库车古近纪陆内前陆坳陷沉降分析为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以二维薄板弹性挠曲模型为基础,对模型进行简化和参数优化选取,并在VC++6.0环境下采用Windows视窗设计,实现了前陆盆地挠曲沉降的正演模拟系统.应用这一系统模拟分析了库车古近纪-新近纪前陆盆地的挠曲沉降过程.模拟结果表明,库车古近纪-新近纪前陆盆地的沉降曲线总体呈上凸型,具有典型前陆盆地沉降的特点,根据沉降速率变化可以把整个沉降过程分为四个部分,分别对应盆地的四个构造层序发育阶段,每一阶段呈不同的沉降特征,相邻两阶段之间存在一盆地回弹隆升、逆冲构造活动终止期,盆地遭受广泛剥蚀形成两个构造层序之间的不整合界面.正演模拟通过将沉降过程时间离散,精细设定不同时间段的构造负载,能够精细恢复前陆盆地的沉降过程和演化. 相似文献
6.
川东北前陆盆地须家河组层序-岩相古地理特征 总被引：27，自引：3，他引：24
根据控制高分辨率层序的构造和天文因素将川东北前陆盆地晚三叠世须家河期划分为2个超长期、5个长期、18个中期及数十个短期旋回层序,并分析了须家河组超长期层序的岩相古地理特征与演化.在SLSC1超长期旋回时期,米仓山-大巴山构造山系尚处于低幅稳定隆升状态,而龙门山构造山系的逆冲推覆作用较为活跃,川东北前陆盆地属于受龙门山逆冲推覆作用远端效应影响的前陆斜坡,沿米仓山-大巴山前缘地带主要发育辫状河三角洲沉积,而盆地西南部主要发育浅湖沉积.在SLSC2超长期旋回时期,龙门山逆冲推覆进一步增强,同时,米仓山-大巴山开始进入逆冲推覆前的强烈构造隆升阶段,川东北前陆盆地有较大幅度的持续拗陷沉降,在继承SLSC1古地理演化的基础上,形成了以沿龙门山和米仓山-大巴山两逆冲推覆带前缘广泛发育的、以巨厚块状砾岩为特征的大型冲积扇沉积体系. 相似文献
7.
运用沉积体系组合，构造地层分析和岩浆热流体标志综合分析的方法，探讨了柴达木第三纪转换换裂陷盆地形成演化及动力学过程，笔者认为：柴达木第三纪盆地是以扩展裂陷为主的单型盆地，可划分为扇三角洲沉积体系，水下洪积扇－近岸浊流沉积体系，辫状河三角洲沉积体系，常态湖三角洲体系和湖泊沉积体系在湖盆演化的不同阶段，形成冲积扇－扇三角洲－滨浅湖－砾质辫状河沉积，近岸水下重力流－中深湖－扇三角洲，扇三角洲－中浅湖－河流三种湖盆充填形式。依据古构造运动界面和相应整合界面，将第三纪盆地划分为三个构造层序。分别对应于台裂陷，伸展扩张裂陷和转换坳陷三个发展过程。柴达木第三纪转换争盆地形成演化主要受控于地幔热柱的形成和衰减作用，同时喜马拉雅运动等运程应力作用对盆地的演化至关重要。 相似文献
8.
中国中西部前陆盆地大多具有陆内俯冲造山形成的特点,层序地层学在这类前陆盆地中的应用是一个值得研究的新领域。对川北前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组5条露头剖面和1条测井剖面进行详细沉积相分析和层序地层划分,同时阐述了沉积相迁移规律、层序界面类型、层序发育特征及基准面变化;将川北前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组划分为4个三级层序(TS1,TS2,TS3和TS4)。大竹、开江一带须家河组沉积厚度为400～600m,4个层序发育完整;向北东至万源一带地层变薄至100余m,保存残留不全的须家河组只能归为1个三级层序(TS4)。在露头剖面和测井剖面层序地层划分的基础上建立的层序地层格架表明:TS1—TS2以曲流河及曲流河三角洲沉积体系为主,盆地处于稳定坳陷和慢速充填的欠补偿状态,TS3—TS4以冲积扇、辫状河及辫状河三角洲沉积体系为主,盆地处于强烈坳陷和快速充填的过补偿状态。沉积相的时空叠置样式受北部秦岭造山带构造活动的制约作用较为明显。 相似文献
9.
《Journal of Structural Geology》2001,23(2-3):297-313
Three regional joint sets striking N–S, E–W and WNW–ESE affect the Tertiary rocks of the central Ebro basin. From analysis of their chronological relationships and spatial distribution, it is concluded that they correspond to two different tectonic events. The N–S set (oldest) and the E–W set (younger) are present in the southern and central sectors, while the WNW–ESE joint set predominates in the northern one. The N–S joints propagated in response to joint-normal and fluid loads under an intraplate stress field with SHmax oriented near N–S (related to forces caused by the convergence of Africa, Iberia and Europe and rifting at the Valencia trough) during the sedimentary infilling of the basin. These joints are only present in the southern part of the area. The E–W joint set in the southern-central sector records the same fracturing event as the WNW–ESE set does in the northern one. Its orientation was modified by the presence of the older N–S set in the south, which perturbed the regional stress field. The younger WNW–ESE and E–W joint sets are interpreted as unloading joints. These propagated as a consequence of flexural uplift and exhumation related to isostatic rebound at the Pyrenees and the Ebro foreland basin. A numerical approach is used to explain the inhomogeneous distribution of the N–S joint set in terms of their absence being controlled by the depth of the water table at the time of their formation. 相似文献
10.
琼东南盆地古近纪幕式裂陷及构造、层序和沉积的综合响应过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对区域性角度不整合、构造沉降阶段性演化以及断裂幕式活动和古构造格架变化等信息的识别与厘定,揭示了琼东南盆地古近纪构造活动的幕式演化过程及其特征。进一步结合层序地层与沉积充填综合分析,系统论述了幕式裂陷作用对沉积层序形成与演化的控制。研究表明：琼东南盆地古近纪经历了3个裂陷阶段,即裂陷Ⅰ幕（S100-S80）、裂陷Ⅱ幕（S80-S70）和裂陷Ⅲ幕（S70-S60）,分别对应盆地的初始断陷期、主断陷期和断坳转换期。裂陷活动早期以强烈的差异性块断作用为主导,而晚期逐渐被区域性坳陷作用和少量断裂活动共同控制的均一化沉降作用所取代,整体呈现出弱-强-弱的演化特征。裂陷作用的幕式过程及不同裂陷幕同沉积构造活动的差异性通过对可容纳空间、沉降速率、同沉积断裂活动和古构造格架的深刻影响,进而控制了盆地内层序地层单元与沉积旋回的整体发育、沉积与沉降中心的时空展布以及层序地层格架下沉积体系域的构成样式。 相似文献
11.
桂北-桂东加里东期盆地构造沉降史分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对造山带各地史阶段的沉积盆地进行构造沉降分析,进而探讨其地球动力学过程,是近年来盆地分析的前缘研究之一。本文采用回剥分析技术,分别编绘了桂北、桂东地区加里东期盆地沉降曲线,并进行了构造沉降史分析。结果表明,桂北、桂东加里东期盆地演化均经历了从拉张裂解到挤压闭合的完整过程。但与桂东大瑶山地区相比,桂北兴安地区在裂陷阶段的沉积速率和构造沉降速率明显偏低;热沉降阶段的持续时间偏长;裂陷阶段与前陆挠曲阶段的分界拐点偏晚;前陆挠曲阶段,由构造宁静期的缓慢沉降向构造活动期的快速沉降转化的分界拐点也偏晚。这些差别这一方面说明了两地区具有不同的构造背景,另一方面也反映了华夏板块由南东逐渐地向北西扬子板块靠拢,沉积盆地相应地向西北迁移的动力学过程。 相似文献
12.
新疆塔里木盆地白垩纪—第三纪层序地层学研究 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
通过对塔里木盆地西南坳陷区和东北坳陷区白垩纪－第三系典型剖面的层序地层学研究，结合地震和钻井资料的分析，划分出西南坳陷区30个三级层序，东北坳陷区24个三级层序，因其所处的构造位置和沉积环境不同，两坳陷区形成的三级层序并非一一对应，不能进行大区域的直接对比。而三级层序的有序叠置构成了二级超序及其体系域，基叠置方式包括进积组合、退积组织和加积组合。通过二级超层序的研究发现，两坳陷区白垩系－第三系（中新统）可划分为4个二组超层序（SS1－SS4），并可以等时对比，所反映的相对海平面变化周期也基本相同，并且与同受特提斯海水影响的西藏南部地区白垩－早第三纪沉积层序有海平面变化基本一致，即西藏西南地区和塔里木盆地受特提斯构造和全球海平面变化的共同影响。从中新世开始，青藏高原快速隆升，塔里木盆地相对下降，造成了两地区层序类型及海平面变化速率的不同。 相似文献
13.
位于印度板块北缘和雅鲁藏布江结合带之间的珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区，属于喜马拉雅造山带，是特提斯洋的重要组成部分。自奥陶纪至古近纪约5亿年期间发育一套基本连续的海相沉积，厚度达14 km，是研究特提斯洋形成演化的最佳地区。作者在对该区显生宙地层主干剖面和辅助剖面详细观察研究以及区域地质调查填图的基础上，将珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区显生宙沉积地层划分为海相、海陆过渡相和陆相3个沉积相组、15个沉积相和若干个沉积亚相。作者通过对该区沉积盆地的地层系统、沉积相、沉积特征的系统研究，将珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区显生宙沉积演化划分为6个阶段:1)奥陶纪-泥盆纪为稳定陆表海演化阶段；2)石炭纪-二叠纪为大陆裂谷盆地演化阶段；3)三叠纪-侏罗纪为被动大陆边缘盆地演化阶段；4)早中白垩世为前陆早期复理石盆地演化阶段；5)晚白垩世-古新世为前陆晚期磨拉石盆地演化阶段；6)古近纪-第四纪为造山隆升断陷盆地形成演化阶段。研究结果表明，珠穆朗玛峰北坡地区显生宙沉积盆地经历了由陆表海盆地-大陆裂谷盆地-被动大陆边缘盆地-前陆盆地-断陷盆地的演化过程。 相似文献
14.
A. Van Heeswijck 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(3):367-389
In the northern Galilee Basin, 10 third-order depositional sequences have been recognised in multi-suite geophysical logs of 16 wells and boreholes. Sequences can be subdivided into genetic systems tracts characterised by geometry, facies associations, types of bounding surface, parasequence set distribution and position within the sequence. Stacking trends of parasequence sets may be observed as a shift in the sand or shale base line. These sequences reflect basinal and hinterland tectonics with a subordinate climate and sea-level cycle signature. The initial development of the northern Galilee Basin in the upper Carboniferous reflects thermal subsidence that characterised the underlying Drummond Basin. This subsidence is overprinted by the commencement of foreland-basin tectonics associated with extension in the Bowen Basin. The foreland tectonics waned before a major regional uplift occurred in the northern Galilee Basin in the middle Permian. This uplift is associated with an early phase of the Hunter–Bowen Orogeny. A quiescent period where accommodation is controlled by sea-level changes is reflected in extensive development of mires. Renewed episodic contraction overprinted on thermal sag subsidence in the Lower Triassic reflects far-field tectonics associated with the Hunter–Bowen Orogeny. In the Upper Triassic, an end-phase event of the Hunter–Bowen Orogeny inverted the Galilee Basin. 相似文献
15.
ELANA L. LEITHOLD 《Sedimentology》1994,41(3):521-542
The Tropic Shale and correlative Tununk Shale Member of the Mancos Shale accumulated during Cenomanian-Turonian time, within prodeltaic environments near the western margin of the Western Interior Seaway of North America. Stratigraphical and sedimentological analysis has revealed a detailed history of relative sea level change in the thick, fine grained succession. The Tropic and Tununk shales were deposited during the Greenhorn second-order sea level cycle, over a time span of about 2–5 million years. In southern Utah, six depositional sequences are superposed upon the record of this long term sea level change. The sequences developed during third-order relative sea level cycles of hundreds of thousands of years duration and are composed of at least 37 parasequences, arranged in retrogradational, aggradational and progradational parasequence sets. The Tropic Shale and Tununk Shale Member accumulated just basinward of the axis of maximum subsidence of a foreland basin. Stratal geometries and facies distribution patterns in the succession indicate that in southern Utah the Greenhorn cycle was tectonically controlled. During the Greenhorn transgression and highstand, rapid rates of tectonic subsidence trapped terrigenous sediment to the west of the study area, in the more proximal foreland. At this time, hemipelagic facies accumulated at relatively slow rates in southern Utah and type 2 sequences developed during third-order sea level cycles. In contrast, during the Greenhorn regression rates of thrust-induced subsidence in the proximal foreland basin evidently slowed, and deltaic clinoforms prograded across the study area. At least one forced regression occurred in southern Utah at this time, and type 1 sequences developed. The formation of type 1 sequence boundaries in the upper part of the Tropic Shale and Tununk Shale Member points to episodes of base level fall and indicates that the six third-order sea level cycles recorded in the succession were not the result of changes in sediment supply alone. The third-order cycles may have been a consequence of episodic tectonism. The timing of these cycles, however, suggests that development of sequences and parasequences in the Tropic Shale and Tununk Shale Member may have been related to orbital forcing in the Milankovitch band. Glacioeustasy or climatically related fluctuations in the amount of groundwater stored on continents may explain these high frequency sea level changes. 相似文献
16.
巴颜喀拉-川西边缘前陆盆地演化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
巴颜喀拉古特提斯洋的消亡过程反映在巴颜喀拉残留盆地到边缘前陆盆地转化的沉积记录中。鉴于这个前陆盆地与其向克拉通延伸的组成部分——四川盆地现为龙门山逆冲带所分隔,以致已往的沉积盆地研究多将其相割裂,本文将结合巴颜喀拉洋的消亡过程,把这两个盆地视为一个统一整体来加以分析,研究其演变历程。
晚二叠世,扬子板块向西楔入的同时,发生向北（昆仑-柴达木陆块）和向南（羌塘-昌都陆块）的双向俯冲消减。本文提出了巴颜喀拉洋的主体闭合,从而开始转化为边缘前陆盆地阶段的时间是在拉丁（T22）中晚期,而不是晚三叠世的见解。这点可由拉丁中晚期时,四川盆地川中广大地区形成与前陆挠曲沉降相对应的前陆隆起得以证明。此时期发生的前陆沉降,结束了被动边缘的饥饿（T1—T21）沉积盆地状态,充填了厚逾2,000—10,000m的类复理石沉积,并向扬子克拉通边缘超覆。随着逆冲带的由北向南推进,在诺利一瑞替期形成了滨海含煤磨拉石和陆相含煤磨拉石（逆冲褶皱带地区大多后期被剥蚀）。晚三叠世中晚期,逆冲带侵位推进到四川盆地西部边缘的龙门山地带,从而前陆盆地迁移入四川盆地内,进入陆内汇聚的后造山陆相磨拉石前陆盆地阶段。晚白垩世一早第三纪,因四川盆地晚期的抬升,这一前陆盆地便逐渐萎缩消亡。 相似文献
晚二叠世,扬子板块向西楔入的同时,发生向北（昆仑-柴达木陆块）和向南（羌塘-昌都陆块）的双向俯冲消减。本文提出了巴颜喀拉洋的主体闭合,从而开始转化为边缘前陆盆地阶段的时间是在拉丁（T22）中晚期,而不是晚三叠世的见解。这点可由拉丁中晚期时,四川盆地川中广大地区形成与前陆挠曲沉降相对应的前陆隆起得以证明。此时期发生的前陆沉降,结束了被动边缘的饥饿（T1—T21）沉积盆地状态,充填了厚逾2,000—10,000m的类复理石沉积,并向扬子克拉通边缘超覆。随着逆冲带的由北向南推进,在诺利一瑞替期形成了滨海含煤磨拉石和陆相含煤磨拉石（逆冲褶皱带地区大多后期被剥蚀）。晚三叠世中晚期,逆冲带侵位推进到四川盆地西部边缘的龙门山地带,从而前陆盆地迁移入四川盆地内,进入陆内汇聚的后造山陆相磨拉石前陆盆地阶段。晚白垩世一早第三纪,因四川盆地晚期的抬升,这一前陆盆地便逐渐萎缩消亡。 相似文献
17.
构造活动盆地沉积层序形成过程模拟——以断陷和前陆盆地为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
应用二维层序地层模拟系统开展了构造活动盆地沉积层序的形成过程的动态模拟分析,揭示了同沉积断裂活动、湖平面变化及沉积物供给量变化相互作用对沉积层序形成的控制作用。模拟表明,快速的构造沉降、相对高的湖平面和大量的沉积物供给是形成相对深水扇三角洲的必要条件;而沉积物的供给量变小或构造沉降量加大时有利于形成近岸湖底扇或水下扇。模拟揭示出断陷湖盆陡坡边缘断裂形成的古地貌坡折控制着低水位域浊积扇或湖底扇的发育部位,同时对水进或高位域的三角洲前缘的沉积中心的分布具控制作用。断裂坡折带的构造沉降是控制可容纳空间变化的关键因素。在陆内前陆逆冲构造边缘,层序发育早期（底部）发育冲积扇和河流沉积,但由于相对快的构造沉降形成水进序列;在快速沉降的晚期沉降速率减小,碎屑体系向盆地方向推进,形成广泛河流三角洲沉积。由隐伏逆冲断裂形成的构造坡折带对低位域的分布具控制作用。在构造坡折带下的低位域砂体与上覆的水进域泥岩组合可形成重要的地层油气藏。 相似文献
18.
构造沉降作为盆地成因研究中的重要组成部分,对其特征进行分析有助于盆地成因的解析。本次通过对鄂尔多斯盆地内5口典型探井的多期不整合所代表的的剥蚀厚度进行恢复,结合去压实矫正模型以及平均密度、平均古水深等参数的确定,较为精确地刻画出了鄂尔多斯盆地不同构造单元自早寒武世至今的构造沉降特征,同时结合裂谷盆地瞬时拉张模型、裂后热坳陷模型以及前陆盆地挠曲模型对构造沉降曲线进行了模拟,对盆地成因进行分析。鄂尔多斯盆地中寒武世—中生代末期主要由早古生代沉降旋回、二叠—三叠纪沉降旋回与侏罗—白垩纪沉降旋回组成。其中岩石圈热冷却作用引起的沉降贯穿全地质时期。早古生代沉降旋回中,中寒武世的加速沉降主要体现在盆地南部,沉降机制为岩石圈伸展减薄,中奥陶世马家期为全盆地尺度的加速沉降,沉降机制仍为岩石圈伸展减薄。二叠—三叠纪沉降旋回中,晚二叠世—早-中三叠世为该旋回的加速沉降期,该期加速沉降具有多幕裂陷的特征。侏罗—白垩纪沉降旋回中,中侏罗世盆地南部处于缓慢沉降期,沉降机制为岩石圈热冷却作用,晚侏罗世—早白垩世,除伊盟隆起,盆地整体处于加速沉降期,沉降机制为前陆盆地引起的挠曲沉降。 相似文献
19.
A.B. Cadle B. Cairncross A.D.M. Christie D.L. Roberts 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1993,23(1-4)
The coal-bearing sediments and coal seams of the Karoo Basin, Southern Africa are described and discussed. The Karoo Basin is bounded on its southern margin by the Cape Fold Belt, onlaps onto the Kaapvaal Craton in the north and is classified as a foreland basin. Coal seams are present within the Early Permian Vryheid Formation and the Triassic Molteno Formation.The peats of the Vryheid Formation accumulated within swamps in a cool temperate climatic regime. Lower and upper delta plain, back-barrier and fluvial environments were associated with peat formation. Thick, laterally extensive coal seams have preferentially accumulated in fluvial environments. The coals are in general inertinite-rich and high in ash. However, increasing vitrinite and decreasing ash contents within seams occur from west to east across the coalfields. The Triassic Molteno coal seams accumulated with aerially restricted swamps in fluvial environments. These Molteno coals are thin, laterally impersistent, vitrinite-rich and shaly, and formed under a warm temperate climatic regime.Palaeoclimate, depositional systems, differential subsidence and basin tectonics influence to varying degrees, the maceral content, thickness and lateral extent of coal seams. However, the geographic position of peat-forming swamps within a foreland basin, coupled with basin tectonics and differential subsidence are envisaged as the primary controls on coal parameters. The Permian coals are situated in proximal positions on the passive margin of the foreland basin. Here, subsidence was limited which enhanced oxidation of organic matter and hence the formation of inertinitic coals. The coals in this tectonic setting are thick and laterally extensive. The Triassci coals are situated within the tectonically active foreland basin margin. Rapid subsidence and sedimentation rates occurred during peat formation which resulted in the preservation of thin, laterally impersistent, high ash, vitrinite-rich, shaly coals. 相似文献