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太原西山煤田赤峪勘查区地层总体为向南南东缓倾的单斜,在此基础上发育有轴向北东的不对称向斜（东社向斜）,局部发育短轴背、向斜和一系列与主体向斜轴向大致平行的正断层,并向南西收敛。区内主要含煤地层为石炭系太原组和二叠系山西组,主要可采煤层为2、3、4、8＋9号煤层。根据煤岩煤质分析结果,2号煤层为低中灰一中灰、特低硫—低硫煤,3号和4号煤层为低中灰一中灰分、低硫一中硫分煤,8号和8＋9号煤层属低中灰、中高硫煤,9号煤层属中灰、中硫煤。总体来看赤峪地区可采煤层为低灰-中高灰,特低硫-中高硫、发热量较高、强一特强粘结性的优质焦煤。全区煤层均为发热量较高、强粘结性的焦煤。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地东南缘下—中侏罗统煤层沿阿尔金山前断续分布,其煤岩、煤质与典型的西北侏罗纪煤层具有明显不同。通过对和田布雅、于田普鲁、且末红柳沟等煤矿主采煤层样品进行煤岩、煤质鉴定及煤化指标等一系列综合研究分析,结果表明,主采煤层以光亮煤、半亮煤为主,其次是半暗煤、暗淡煤;煤岩组分以镜质组为主,壳质组含量少,具中-高镜惰比。因成煤沼泽的还原程度促进了无机硫分的形成,煤中全硫含量随镜质组含量的增加呈现逐渐增高的趋势,且煤层硫分与灰分整体具有明显的负相关关系。此外,煤层挥发分受不同种类硫分的影响,亦有明显差异性变化。在民丰凹陷中-高硫煤中,硫分以无机硫为主,随着硫分的升高挥发分亦有升高趋势;瓦石峡凹陷中-低硫煤受有机硫控制,对挥发分产率的影响不明显。民丰凹陷煤层的灰分指数高于瓦石峡凹陷,可见后者的成煤沼泽环境潜水面要比前者高得多。针对上述诸多因素分析,进一步揭示塔东南地区煤岩、煤质多样性变化受断陷湖盆以及局部水体较深的还原型沼泽环境控制,最终形成了中-高挥发分、中-低灰分、中-低硫分的煤质及富镜贫惰的煤岩特征。 相似文献
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黑岱沟露天煤矿6号复煤层位于太原组,是区内开采的主要煤层,煤层总厚度为18．07～41．12m,平均厚度为28．88m．结构复杂．自上而下划分为6个分层。由于成煤时期沼泽环境的变化,使各分煤层煤质在垂向上有差异。通过对6号复煤层各分煤层的煤质特征分析,得出6号煤各分层的宏观煤岩成分以暗煤及丝炭为主,亮煤次之;显微组分含量以惰质组为主．含量为41．6％～65．6％,平均含量达57．6％;镜质组含量较低,平均为35．9％;灰分产率6Ⅳ最低．为低中灰煤,6Ⅱ灰分产率最大,最高达49．8％,是该区典型的高灰煤。各煤分层的水分及硫分变化不大,属特低硫-低硫低变质阶段的长焰煤（41）、不粘煤（31）。 相似文献
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永陇矿区位于鄂尔多斯陆相煤盆地边缘地带,目前尚未充分开发,属于大型陆盆边缘矿区,为了探讨该区煤岩煤质与成煤环境的关系,从区内煤岩煤质和地球化学特征入手,详细分析了各煤层镜/惰比、灰分、硫分、酸/碱值等指标,探讨其对成煤环境的指示意义。研究表明:主力煤层属于低灰–中灰、低–特低硫的低阶烟煤;成煤期覆水性、酸/碱值在垂向上有近"S"型下降特征,Ca/Fe值则相反;其中三煤组属小型封闭湖泊相聚煤,二煤组属湖坪河流相聚煤,聚煤作用受控于古地形、古气候及基底不均匀沉降。 相似文献
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碱沟山矿区煤层赋存条件、成煤环境、聚煤规律及煤质特征研究程度较低。经对煤层露头及小窑资料的研究,认为该矿区含煤地层为上石炭系羊虎沟组下段,主要开采10、12、14、15、16号煤层,12和15号煤层原煤灰分、硫分稍高,10、14和16号煤层为特低灰、特低硫至富硫煤层;该区煤为高发热量,特低磷-低磷煤。煤的加工利用途径主要为作碳素类制品、石墨类制品、高炉喷吹的原料（冶金喷）以及作烧结铁矿的原料等;也可进行深加工及转化加工。 相似文献
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毕节地区晚二叠世煤质特征及其成煤环境意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据贵州毕节地区13个井田和勘探区各主采煤层煤样的工业分析、硫分及灰成分分析数据,评价了该地区晚二叠世煤的总体煤质特征,在此基础上重点探讨了煤中硫分和灰分与成煤环境的联系。研究表明,毕节地区煤炭资源具有特低全水分、中高硫分、中灰分、特低挥发分等特征,总体属无烟煤（WY3）。根据煤中硫分分布、硫分组成、灰分分布与灰分组成及其变化规律可以推测成煤环境。毕节晚二叠世各主采煤层硫分纵向变化规律可清晰“反演”研究区成煤期古海平面的两次大的海进与海退事件;硫分在研究区平面的分布具有“东南高、西北低”的特点,正是受到当时海水自南东向北西推进的影响;形态硫数据分析显示,煤中有机硫占全硫比重一般较小,明显不同于陆相煤层和浅水台地相煤层（后者以极高有机硫为特点）特征。此外,煤中灰分产率、煤灰成分指数以及灰成分三端元分析均揭示聚煤环境的还原性自西北向东南逐渐增强,与硫分分析的结论相一致。综合分析表明,毕节地区晚二叠世成煤环境以三角洲分流河道/间湾、潮控下三角洲平原、以及潮坪/泻湖等环境为主,海水影响作用较大的泻湖/潮坪环境下煤层中硫分较高,海水影响较弱的三角洲成煤环境下煤中硫分相对较低,并给出了三种沉积环境下一些煤质特质的变化范围。该研究结果与前人基于岩相古地理和元素地球化学方法所得出的结论相吻合。 相似文献
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《新疆地质》2020,(3)
为了揭示潘吉塔格矿区不同煤岩煤质形成条件及其垂向变化特征,探讨该区煤岩煤质与成煤环境的关系,采用煤岩学和地球化学等方法,基于对主采煤层样品煤岩鉴定、工业分析及灰成分指标等数据分析,研究结果表明:该煤矿主要煤层以半亮型煤为主,富镜质组、贫惰质组,煤质呈低灰、低硫、高挥发分特征,煤灰成分以SiO2为主,煤变质阶段较低,煤类均属长焰煤。煤层由深至浅垂向演化呈镜惰比由小到大,灰分由高变低,挥发分由低变高,硫含量先增大后减小再增大,成煤环境由弱氧化-还原型到还原型的变化趋势。综合分析表明,研究区中—下侏罗统主要煤层形成于湖泊-三角洲淡水沉积环境,具陆相成煤特征,成煤环境温暖潮湿。其中西山窑组煤岩煤质特征与八道湾组有显著区别,成煤环境迥异。 相似文献
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为提升国内油气自主保障能力,实现煤炭清洁高效利用,以大量煤田地质勘探和煤质分析资料为基础,对宁东煤田甜水河勘查区富油煤的煤岩煤质进行系统研究,结合煤层显微组分、硫分、煤灰成分对研究区富油煤成煤环境进行探讨。结果表明,甜水河勘查区各煤层焦油产率8.63%～9.87%,整体富油性较好,以富油煤为主。有机显微组分以镜质组为主,惰质组次之,壳质组少量,为中水分、低灰-中灰、中高挥发分、低硫-中低硫、中等煤化程度烟煤。研究区各煤层形成于温暖潮湿的古气候条件,成煤时水动力条件较弱、覆水较深,泥炭沼泽还原性较强。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献