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1.
半滑舌鳎体表溃疡病病原的分离鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(11)
为研究引起半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)体表溃疡病的病原,从发生体表溃疡的半滑舌鳎体表病灶、肝脏和肾脏上进行细菌分离,得到2株优势菌株051001和051002,采用腹腔注射进行回感实验,证实菌株051001和051002能够引起养殖半滑舌鳎发病死亡,该菌株为本次半滑舌鳎体表溃疡病的致病菌。经形态学观察和生理生化特性分析,初步判定菌株051001为鱼肠道弧菌(Vibrio ichthyoenteri)、菌株051002为哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi);基于16SrRNA基因构建的系统发育树显示,菌株051002与哈维氏弧菌聚为一支,菌株051001与鱼肠道弧菌聚为一个分支;基于hsp60的基因序列分析表明051002与哈维氏弧菌(AY332570、AF230931)聚为一个分支,置信度为92%。对16种药物的敏感实验证实,菌株051001对利福平、庆大霉素、氟苯尼考等敏感,菌株051002对诺氟沙星、头孢曲松钠、庆大霉素敏感。 相似文献
2.
从患病黑鲪分离病原菌HV0811的鉴定及其系统发育分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从症状为溃疡瞎眼的养殖黑鲪(Sebastodes fuscescens)病灶处分离到3株优势菌HV0811、PT0811和JH0811,以肌肉注射人工感染实验证实菌株HV0811为致病菌,其对黑鲪的半致死浓度为7.15×10~5 CFU/尾。通过对致病菌的形态学观察、生理生化分析表明:菌株HV0811为革兰氏阴性菌,极生单鞭毛,短杆状,直径1～3mm,需Na+生长,低于4℃、高于42℃不生长。基于16SrRNA和HSP60基因序列构建的系统发育树表明:HV0811分别与哈维氏弧菌(AY750578和AY332571)相类聚,其中16SrRNA基因序列与哈维氏弧菌(AY750578)聚合置信度较低,仅有10%,不能有效地确定该种;HSP60基因序列与哈维氏弧菌(AY332571)聚合为一个分支的置信度达100%。综合该菌的形态、生理生化及HSP60基因序列比对结果,表明分离到的病原菌HV0811为哈维氏弧菌。药敏试验结果显示病原哈维氏弧菌(HV0811)对庆大霉素、新霉素、氟哌酸等较为敏感。 相似文献
3.
海水工厂化养殖大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)和褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)腹水病病原菌的分离与鉴定 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
从患腹水病大菱鲆和褐牙鲆成鱼体内分离到两株致病作用强的病原菌FS1和FS2,经人工感染实验表明菌株FS1和菌株FS2为腹水症的致病菌。采用常规的生理生化鉴定方法及梅里埃全自动微生物分析系统(VITEK32),结合分子生物学方法进行病原菌的鉴定。结果表明,菌株FS1和菌株FS2分别为迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiellatarda)和溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)。菌株FS116SrRNA基因序列与迟缓爱德华氏菌的同源性达99%;菌株FS2的16SrRNA基因序列与溶藻弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、副溶血弧菌等的同源性均达99%。为最终确定菌株FS2的分类地位,测定了其HSP60基因序列,进行网上同源性比对。分析结果表明,菌株FS2与溶藻弧菌的同源性达99%,而与其他弧菌HSP60基因的同源性均低于91%。这两种致病菌混合感染或分别感染均可造成养殖鲆鱼腹水病。 相似文献
4.
为探讨东风螺脱壳病和吻肿病与体内外致病菌及条件致病菌的相关性,测定了东风螺养殖水体环境中异养菌菌落总数,并对病螺及健康螺体内致病菌及条件致病菌进行了分离鉴定.经兔血培养基、TCBS培养基和弧菌显色培养基分离培养,用生化试验和细菌16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,结果显示:发生脱壳病的方斑东风螺螺池水体中的异养菌菌落总数为1.34×106 cfu/mL,病螺体内分离的致病菌及条件致病菌有副溶血弧菌、哈氏弧菌、河流弧菌、Vibrio hepatarius、腐败希瓦氏菌、海藻希瓦氏菌和芽孢杆菌,其中优势菌株为副溶血性弧菌溶血菌株和哈氏弧菌;脱壳病与吻肿病共患的泥螺螺池水体中异养菌的菌落总数为1.46×107 cfu/mL,病螺体内分离的致病菌及条件致病菌有副溶血弧菌、哈氏弧菌、鲍鱼希瓦氏菌、海藻希瓦氏菌和芽胞杆菌,优势菌株为海藻希瓦氏菌、鲍鱼希瓦氏菌和哈氏弧菌;健康东风螺螺池水体异养菌菌落总数为7.6×104 cfu/mL,健康东风螺螺体内的优势菌株为副溶血性弧菌非溶血菌株和Vibrio hepatarius.试验结果表明,东风螺脱壳病和吻肿病与养殖水体环境中异养菌的总数及螺体内部致病菌及条件致病菌分布具有一定相关性. 相似文献
5.
哈维氏弧菌的生物学特性、流行病学及检测技术 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
哈维氏弧菌是1种革兰氏阴性、发光的海洋细菌,广泛分布于海洋环境中。它是最近10多年才被认识到的水产养殖动物的重要致病菌。文中综述哈维氏弧菌的生物学特性、流行病学、致病机制、密度感应系统、检测技术、疾病的防治及其应用。 相似文献
6.
乳酸杆菌LH对几种水产养殖病原弧菌的抑制作用 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
为探明乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus spp．）LH对水产养殖病害的生物防治功能，采用试管稀释法和平板抑菌圈检测法，探讨了乳酸杆菌LH代谢产物对沙蚕弧菌（Vibrio nereis）、哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）、溶藻弧菌（Vibrio alginolyicus）、副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus）、漂浮弧菌（Vibrio natriegen）的抑制能力，并在模拟养殖水体实验中探讨了乳酸杆菌LH对哈维弧菌的抑制效果．结果显示，乳酸杆菌LH培养12h的代谢产物没有抑菌活性，培养24～96h的代谢产物有明显抑菌活性，随着培养时间的延长，其代谢产物的抑菌活性增强；乳酸杆菌LH代谢产物对病原弧菌的最低抑菌浓度为8倍稀释液；在模拟养殖水体中，10^3个／cm^3乳酸杆菌LH即对哈维氏弧菌有明显的抑制作用，抑制作用随哈维氏弧菌菌量（10^3～10^6个／cm^3）的增大而减弱．结果表明乳酸杆菌LH对病原弧菌具有良好的抑制作用． 相似文献
7.
养殖石斑鱼溃疡病病原哈维氏弧菌胞外产物的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以网箱养殖的患溃疡病青石斑鱼(Epinephlus awoara)和斜带石斑鱼(Epinephlus co-ioides)分离的哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)TS-628菌株为研究对象,采用平板玻璃纸覆盖技术,获得该菌株的胞外产物(ECP),并对其成分进行分析。利用杯碟法研究表明,哈维氏弧菌TS-628菌株的胞外产物具有酪蛋白酶、明胶蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、卵磷脂酶等多种酶活性和溶血活性,且溶血性物质具有热不稳定性。SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)及考马斯亮蓝R-250染色分析表明,ECP蛋白条带主要集中在分子质量范围25.0~66.2 ku之间,经不同时间培养所获得的ECP在凝胶上显示出的蛋白条带几乎一致。采用复性电泳方法(G-PAGE)分析了哈维氏弧菌及其它4种弧菌属细菌的ECP蛋白酶活性,结果发现哈维氏弧菌ECP在酸性条件下,蛋白酶活性较强,在碱性条件下,蛋白酶带明显减少,活性很弱。在相同的pH条件下,5种弧菌中以副溶血弧菌的ECP蛋白酶活性最强,种类多,分子质量范围宽;而哈维氏弧菌的蛋白酶带较少,活性也稍弱。 相似文献
8.
采用平板涂布法从南麂岛近海海洋沉积物样品中分得86株放线菌,用琼脂块法和杯碟法结合筛选出对副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)两种大黄鱼病原性弧菌具有不同拮抗作用的海洋放线菌5株,其中编号NJR0956的菌株对两种致病菌的抑菌圈直径均25mm,表现出较强的抑制作用;进而测定了5株活性菌株的抗菌谱。结果表明,它们对指示菌中的副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)四种病原弧菌均具有较好的拮抗作用;在对NJR0956的抑菌效果研究中发现,该菌株在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基中不仅能够增殖,而且能够有效地抑制病原菌的生长。 相似文献
9.
采用改良微孔板法建立哈维氏弧菌Vibrio harveyi TS-628菌株生物被膜体外模型,并进一步研究环境因子对哈维氏弧菌体外形成生物被膜的影响。结果发现,哈维氏弧菌TS-628菌株可以在聚苯乙烯板中形成生物被膜,并且该菌生物被膜的形成受起始菌液浓度、温度、pH等理化因子的显著影响。温度为30℃、NaCl质量分数为3%—6%、pH为7、孵育时间为36h是哈维氏弧菌形成生物被膜的最佳条件。此外哈维氏弧菌在分别经表皮黏液、鳃黏液、肠道黏液、肝脏提取液、脾脏提取液、肌肉提取液包被的基质上成膜效果显著,其中在经肝脏提取液包被的基质上形成的生物被膜量显著高于在其他生物基质上形成的生物被膜量(p<0.01)。 相似文献
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中国对虾育苗池水中哈维氏弧菌的检测 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
１９９６年４月～５月,在山东莱州市大华育苗池、山东即墨市丰城育苗场发病育苗池、环境水体及活体饵料中共采集８０份样品,用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ技术对其进行了苗期对虾病原菌－哈维氏弧菌的检测。结果表明,发病育苗池中哈维氏弧菌的检出率（５８．３％）明显高于正常育苗池（２０．４％）,证实丰城对虾育苗场暴发的流行病与育苗水体中的哈维氏弧菌有关;大华育苗场育苗水中也检测出哈维氏弧菌,但大华育苗场并未发病,说明哈维氏弧菌似乎是条件致病菌。在丰城育苗场及大华育苗场的蓄水池中均检测到哈维氏弧菌,而活性饵料中未检出,表明育苗水中的哈维氏弧菌来源于外海水。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
14.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
18.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献