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1.
湖南辰溪仙人湾高岭土矿床是新近勘查发现的岩溶洞穴胶体沉积型埃洛石矿床。运用化学成分分析、X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、差热-热重分析、扫描电子显微镜以及氮气吸附解吸分析等研究手段,较系统地研究了该矿床的矿物学特征。除有极少量碎屑状石英,以及附着于埃洛石外表面的凝胶成因石英外,主要矿物是1 nm埃洛石,部分为0.7 nm埃洛石。埃洛石的Fe2O3平均含量仅约0.14%,TiO2平均含量仅约0.08%,为形态完整的管状晶体,管长一般为1.0~1.5μm,外径一般0.05~0.1μm,平均孔径0.016~0.030μm,是超薄精细陶瓷优质原料,在微反应器、限时释放器、有序结构膜组装以及环境净化材料方面具有潜在开发利用价值。 相似文献
2.
湖南辰溪仙人湾埃洛石型高岭土的矿物学特征与成因简析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用化学成分分析、X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、差热-热重分析以及扫描电镜等研究手段，着重研究了湖南辰溪仙人湾高岭土矿的矿物学特征，并结合矿床的地质成矿特征讨论了其成因机制。研究表明，该矿床除有极少量碎屑状石英以及附着于埃洛石外表面的凝胶成因石英外，以10A埃洛石为主，部分为7A埃洛石；埃洛石为形态完整的管状晶体，管长一般为1．0-1．5μm，外径一般0．05-0．1μm。认为该矿床为古岩溶洞穴胶体沉积型埃洛石矿床。 相似文献
3.
借助于常规宝石学仪器和偏光显微镜、X射线衍射仪、电子探针、红外光谱仪、紫外—可见分光光度计等仪器设备,对洛南秦紫玉的玉石学特征、显微结构、矿物组成、化学成分以及谱学特征进行了详细研究。结果表明:秦紫玉主要有红色、紫色、绿色及浅黄绿色四种颜色,微透明—半透明,玻璃光泽,折射率1.53～1.55,相对密度2.64～2.66。隐晶质结构,主要组成矿物为粒径5～20μm的他形粒状石英,含量大于90%,次要矿物包括赤铁矿、针铁矿、绿泥石、云母、埃洛石等,还有少量的无定形水合氧化铁等铁质化合物。粒径1～10μm的赤铁矿、针铁矿及无定形水合氧化铁等红褐色铁质化合物呈点状、浸染状无规则分布在石英颗粒之间,其w(FeO)约84.39%～87.08%,含有10%左右的水,是引起玉石红色的主要原因;不同色调的绿色是由玉石中均匀分布的大小约10μm的片状绿泥石和细小鳞片状绢云母(约2～10μm)所引起,云母、埃洛石等黏土矿物会导致绿色玉石呈现浅黄色调;紫色则是由质量分数0.15%～0.23%的钛和铁取代石英晶体中的硅形成空穴色心而呈色。 相似文献
4.
福建郭山高岭土矿床中高岭矿物的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文运用X射线衍射、红外吸收光谱、分析电子显微术和化学分析等多种方法对福建郭山高岭土矿床中的高岭矿物(高岭石和埃洛石)的矿物学性质、分布及矿物形成的阶段性变化进行了系统研究。结果表明,根据高岭石和埃洛石相对含量的多少,花岗岩风化剖面全风化带划分的4个矿物段可以反映这两种矿物的分布特点。埃洛石为具有管状和多面体球状的7?型以及10?—7?、7?-高岭石过渡型。高岭石晶体形态和结晶有序度在风化剖面垂直方向上的规律性变化与高岭石的形成经历了初始结晶——强烈高岭土化——风化作用后期的阶段性变化有关。 相似文献
5.
高岭石与埃洛石的化学成分相似,晶体结构也相似,两者的区别是埃洛石晶层内存在层间水合物。埃洛石分7(?)埃洛石和10(?)埃洛石。在室温下,10(?)埃洛石也能容易地失去层间水合物变成7(?)埃洛石。这种失水收缩是不可逆性的。在X射线衍射图上,10(?)埃洛石d(001)=10.1(?),7(?)埃洛石d(001)=7.2(?),高岭石d(001)=7.15(?)。 相似文献
6.
采集山西临汾、四川广元、湖北丹江口等地管状埃洛石,通过人工手选提纯,利用X射线衍射、同步热分析、透射电镜、原子力显微镜、氮气等温吸附脱附、酸碱滴定、CHN元素分析等表征手段研究管状埃洛石的晶体结构、热稳定性、孔结构性质、表面位密度等微结构性质,并以8-羟基喹啉为客体分子,探讨埃洛石的微结构对其负载活性的制约机理。结果表明,山西埃洛石具有最丰富的孔结构,比表面积为72.48 m2/g,总孔容积为0.38 cm3/g;而湖北埃洛石的孔结构则最差;山西埃洛石、四川埃洛石、湖北埃洛石的零电荷点p H分别为2.99、3.13、4.72,表面位密度分别为10.4 nm-2、10.0 nm-2和11.3 nm-2。山西埃洛石、四川埃洛石、湖北埃洛石对8-羟基喹啉的负载量分别为7.35%,6.20%,6.02%,这与埃洛石的孔结构和零电荷点p H顺序一致。因此,埃洛石的孔结构和表面羟基含量共同决定埃洛石的负载活性。 相似文献
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对甘肃临洮县塔湾乡晚更新世黄土-古土壤序列的粒度、磁化率两个环境代用指标进行综合分析, 可划分出以下7个气候阶段: (1) 距底18.5m (92.478.8ka), 平均粒径24.42μm, 平均磁化率716.8×10-6SI, 年均温度7.8℃, 年均降水量500mm, 气候温暖较湿; (2) 距底8.514.8m (78.865.3ka), 平均粒径26.83μm, 平均磁化率为442.3×10-6SI, 年均温度5.2℃, 年均降水量370mm, 气候温干; (3) 距底14.820.3m (65.357.3ka), 平均粒径25.94μm, 平均磁化率320.7×10-6SI, 年均温度3.5℃, 年均降水量280mm, 气候温干偏凉; (4) 距底20.324.9m (57.347.7ka), 平均粒径25.23μm, 平均磁化率516.4×10-6SI, 年均温度6.0℃, 年均降水量410mm, 气候温干偏湿; (5) 距底24.929.4m (47.740.9ka), 平均粒径25.46μm, 平均磁化率299.4×10-6SI, 年均温度在3.1℃, 年均降水量270mm, 气候温干偏凉; (6) 距底29.434.2m (40.932.4ka), 平均粒径21.46μm, 平均磁化率405.5×10-6SI, 年均温度4.7℃, 年均降水量350mm, 气候温干偏湿; (7) 距底34.239m (32.4ka以后), 平均粒径188.89μm, 平均磁化率381.1×10-6SI, 年均温度4.4℃, 年均降水量330mm, 气候温干.这些环境变迁阶段与区域环境变迁具有较好的可对比性, 其中Ⅰ阶段相当于MIS5温暖期; Ⅱ阶段和Ⅲ阶段相当于MIS4降温期; Ⅳ阶段、Ⅴ阶段和Ⅵ阶段相当于MIS3的气候温暖期; Ⅶ阶段相当于MIS2降温期.但与邻区兰州九洲台和若尔盖RM孔相比, 同时期临夏地区气候明显偏温偏湿. 相似文献
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湖南辰溪仙人湾埃洛石的表面吸附性能研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过N2吸附-解吸附、表面电位测试及透射电镜等手段研究了湖南辰溪仙人湾埃洛石的表面吸附性能。本区埃洛石属中空管体,吸脱附等温线属于Ⅱ类等温线。由BJH方程计算孔径在2.5~200 nm之间均有分布,集中在3~40 nm之间,由HK方程计算微孔集中分布在0.6~1.9 nm之间。天蓝色埃洛石孔隙丰富,以中微孔为主,纯白色埃洛石孔隙发育程度相对较低,以微、中、大孔为主。埃洛石的表面零电点接近pH=2。在pH=5~10之间,Zeta电位趋向稳定在-40 mV左右。本区埃洛石比表面积为35~87 m2/g,平均孔径为16.20~30.12 nm,具有很强的气体吸附能力和离子交换吸附能力。天蓝色埃洛石表面吸附性能最强,是优先考虑的开发对象。 相似文献
9.
针对ZJ气田沙溪庙组气藏36口取芯井478块岩样,基于450样次的孔渗分析以及160样次的薄片观测结果,结合CT扫描(37块)、高压压汞(110块)、恒速压汞(28块)、核磁共振(30块)、应力敏感性分析(8块)以及气水两相渗流(41块)实验,对储层岩石孔隙结构及渗流特征进行了综合研究。根据岩性、物性及孔隙结构建立了储层岩石分类标准,将其划分为3类型。Ⅰ类储层以中细粒岩屑长石砂岩为主,孔隙度11%、渗透率0.5×10~(-3)μm~2,最大连通喉道半径1μm,束缚水饱和度46.53%,有效应力升-降过程中渗透率损失比25.16%。该类储层物性好,孔喉发育,连通性好,束缚水饱和度低、应力敏感性弱,气相渗流能力较强,属优质储层,约占气藏的12%,开发效果好。Ⅱ类储层孔隙度9%~11%、渗透率0.14×10~(-3)μm~2~0.50×10~(-3)μm~2,最大连通喉道半径0.4μm~1μm,平均核磁共振束缚水饱和度55.05%,平均渗透率损失比40.79%,主渗喉道较为狭窄、连通性变差、微观非均质性增强,束缚水饱和度占据孔隙空间更大,气相渗流能力减弱,属中等储层,占气藏的14%左右,开发效果一般。Ⅲ类储层孔隙度7%~9%、渗透率0.04×10~(-3)μm~2~0.14×10~(-3)μm~2,最大连通喉道半径0.02μm~0.4μm,孔喉更加狭小,气相流动受高束缚水饱和度(62.87%)和储层应力敏感性(渗透率损失比49.92%)影响显著,造成流动困难,属差储层,占已评价河道的74%左右,难以建产。 相似文献
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八尺风化淋积型稀土矿凝灰岩风化壳中的细粒矿物特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法,研究了粤北八尺凝灰岩风化淋积型稀土矿床中细粒矿物组分(2μm部分)的地球化学及矿物学特征。发现凝灰岩风化壳全风化层中细粒矿物组分中稀土元素(REE)的相对含量约为全风化层总体REE相对含量的2倍,细粒矿物组分主要以管状埃洛石和高岭石等粘土矿物为主。它们对REE的赋存尤其是铈(Ce)的赋存状态起着重要作用。方铈石纳米矿物颗粒或通过库仑力吸附于粘土矿物表面。所获凝灰岩风化壳全风化层中REE特征及细粒组分的矿物组成、微观形貌和结构的信息对理解凝灰岩风化淋积型稀土矿床的成矿特征具有一定作用。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
20.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献