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The hydrostatic energy of high-pressure seawater is a renewable and green energy source for ocean exploration and have been used to replace underwater electrical energy transmission through the cable and underwater battery pack to power seafloor equipment. The advantage of the energy supply method is the cost-effective and the robustness. In the paper, the energy performance of the existing hydrostatic seafloor sediment samplers powered by seawater hydrostatic energy are modelled and analyzed and compared. In view of the common shortcoming of existing technology, a novel hydrostatic seafloor sediment sampler is proposed. The model of energy conversion of the new sampler is built, and its energy performance is obtained. The analysis results indicate that the energy conversion efficiency of the novel sediment sampler is much higher than the existing ones, which means that the new sampler can collect much longer sample with the limited amount of hydrostatic energy. The seawater hydrostatic energy conversion system of the new sampler can also be used to power other seafloor equipment. 相似文献
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针对小规模海水淡化需要解决能量回收装置的能回效率与空间问题,将能量回收装置与压力提升泵进行集成一体化设计,研究了一种双缸耦合阀控式能量回收系统。系统两液压缸内活塞各由一个电动推杆推动,叠加高压浓海水压力实现压力交换,同时进行活塞推力的耦合控制,避免了压力交换过程中活塞的压力脉冲波动,保障了反渗透膜工作压力稳定;基于小型海水淡化装置,根据压力能流反渗透工艺节点压力流进行了计算分析,得出电动推杆推力压力0.5 MPa左右的补偿压力曲线。通过AMESim进行液压仿真分析,结果表明在系统回收率为30%,高压浓海水进口压力为4.8 MPa,增压海水压力4.6 MPa的情况下,通过压力补充增压海水压力可增压到5.0 MPa,反渗透膜压力与流量波动较小,满足反渗透海水淡化的压力需求。 相似文献
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多点液压式波浪能海水淡化系统建模与仿真 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为缓解淡水资源短缺及化石能源过度使用问题,提出多点液压式波浪能海水淡化系统,该系统主要由采能装置、液压传递系统与反渗透膜海水淡化设备组成。系统的采能装置采用振荡浮子式,可将波浪能转换为浮子振荡从而被液压系统吸收达到采集波浪能的目的。为了提高液压式波浪能海水淡化系统的采能效率及淡水率,利用AMEsim软件对液压传递系统进行建模与仿真,分析了蓄能器、浮子个数及波高对液压传递系统输出响应的影响。结果表明:蓄能器能够使液压马达的输出响应更加稳定;当浮子的数量增加时,液压系统达到稳定的运行状态所需的时间更短,从而有利于提高系统的效率;波高在2 m左右时,本系统的产水量达到最大。 相似文献
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OWC wave energy devices with air flow control 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A theoretical model is developed to simulate the energy conversion, from wave to turbine shaft, of an oscillating-water-column (OWC) plant equipped with a Wells air-turbine and with a valve (in series or in parallel with the turbine) for air-flow control. Numerical simulations show that the use of a control valve, by preventing or reducing the aerodynamic stall losses at the turbine rotor blades, may provide a way of substantially increasing the amount of energy produced by the plant, particularly at the higher incident wave power levels. From the hydrodynamic point of view, a by-pass valve or a throttle valve should be used depending on whether the wave energy absorbing system is over-damped or under-damped by the turbine. 相似文献
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为了解决振动水柱式波浪能转换装置收集多向波浪问题,本文设计了半球形多向聚合波道振荡水柱气室结构,以适合远海单点波浪能采集和发电。在规则波正向入射条件下,基于流体仿真分析软件(FLUENT)、流体动力学连续性假设和粘性不可压缩流体动量守恒的运动方程(Navier-Stokes方程)建立半球形振荡气室和三维数值波浪水槽模型。仿真结果表明:增设气室后壁,合理设计波道开口角度实现多向迎波捕获波浪能,优化前壁形状可降低波浪触底反射带来的能量耗散,同时提高了气室内空气压强和出气口速度,有效提升波浪能俘获效率,为后续发电的二次能量转换提供高效的空气动力。 相似文献
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A simple and effective method of heating divers in extreme cold water has been developed. The local heating concept utilizes a uniformly distributed granular mixture of magnesium and iron particles packed in small sachets. Upon activation by sea water, the two metal mixture behaves as a multitude of short-circuited electrolytic cells, producing thermal energy rather than electrical energy. The 45 mm-square sachets may be placed where heating is required on the diver's body, thus giving rise to the term “local heating”, obviously, the heating system requires no pumping device, or distribution network. Heating rate and duration of output of the sachets are controlled by particle size, and mixture ratio of the constituent Mg and Fe particles.This paper described the development, testing and performance of the heating sachets. Results of live tests in different dive situations are also presented and discussed. 相似文献
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Effects of acidified seawater on calcification,photosynthetic efficiencies and the recovery processes from strong light exposure in the coral Stylophora pistillata 
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下载免费PDF全文 Takashi Nakamura Akira Iguchi Atsushi Suzuki Kazuhiko Sakai Yukihiro Nojiri 《Marine Ecology》2017,38(3)
The aim of this study was to investigate whether coral photosynthetic efficiencies and recovery processes are affected by CO2‐driven ocean acidification in symbiont photosynthesis and coral calcification. We investigated the effects of five CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) levels in adjusted seawater ranging from 300 μatm (pre‐industrial) to 800 μatm (near‐future) and strong and weak light intensity on maximum photosynthetic efficiency and calcification of a branching coral, Stylophora pistillata, as this species has often been used in rearing experiments to investigate the effects of acidified seawater on calcification and photosynthetic algae of corals. We found that, the photosynthetic efficiencies and recovery patterns under different light conditions did not differ among pCO2 treatments. Furthermore, calcification of S. pistillata was not affected by acidified seawater under weak or strong light conditions. Our results indicate that the photosynthetic efficiency and calcification of S. pistillata are insensitive to changes in ocean acidity. 相似文献
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Nearshore directional wave measurements by surface-following buoy and acoustic Doppler current profiler 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Directional energy spectra of nearshore surface waves were measured for a 3-year period (2004–2007) at a site with mean depth 14 m and mean tidal range 2.1 m. Triaxys surface-following wave buoys reported hourly directional wave energy spectra and wave parameters near the offshore end of the Savannah River Entrance Channel, Georgia, USA. An acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) was located beside the wave buoy for 3 months. Directional and non-directional surface wave energy spectra and the corresponding bulk wave parameters (height, period, and direction) are compared for the two systems. Most parameters derived from the spectra agree closely; the most significant differences were found at the upper and lower frequency measurement limits, where signal-to-noise ratios were lower. The wave buoy consistently reports a small amount of energy below 0.05 Hz that does not appear in the ADCP-derived spectra and does not appear to be related to the mooring system. This leads to larger mean and peak periods reported by the buoy. All directional spectra were computed using the Maximum Entropy Method for both instruments, but the buoy, with spectra derived from six independent time series, provides lower directional resolving power than the ADCP, which utilizes twelve time series. Both systems gave similar results defining mean and peak wave directions, with the primary difference being that the ADCP indicates energy to be more tightly concentrated around the peak direction. 相似文献
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In parallel with the process of lead removal from gasoline in Italy, a research programme was undertaken to study the lead content of Adriatic coastal seawater. In the period 2000–2004 seawater was collected systematically at three sites along the coast line close to the city of Ancona: (i) the mouth of the River Esino, (ii) an area close to the Api refinery and (iii) Portonovo beach, a less impacted zone located along the coast of Mt. Conero. All samples were analyzed by Square-Wave Anodic-Stripping Voltammetry (SWASV). The results show that dissolved Pb content in coastal seawater diminished from an overall median value of 0.25 nmol/L in 2000–2001 to 0.12 nmol/L in 2003–2004, with a decrease of about 50% (statistically significant at 95% significance level). This decrease has been correlated to the concurrent decrease of lead consumption in gasoline in Italy which led to a reduction of ~ 65% Pb emissions into the atmosphere in the same period (r = 0.8791, p < 0.05). 相似文献
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为了解决北极海域海洋观测与通讯导航节点浮标的供电问题,提出利用北极海域冰面上冷空气与冰下海水之间的温差能转换为电能,为冰基浮标供电。根据北极温差的时空分布特性与冰基浮标的应用场景,提出了一种基于有机朗肯循环的冰基浮标温差能发电系统,并对其进行了建模与仿真分析。根据5 种工质的热力循环性能计算结果,确定R124 工质作为系统的循环工质。仿真结果表明：温差能发电系统在北极冬季两个月的总发电量为745 kWh,相当于3.72 t 能量密度为200 Wh/kg 的锂电池。因此,北极海域温差能转换发电系统能输出相当可观的功率与电能,显著提升冰基浮标的供能水平,提高其观测能力,延长其持续工作时间,减少破冰船对其的维护频率,从而打造冰下观测网络的关键节点,支撑北极冰下移动观测网络的构建。 相似文献
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Delayed coincidence counters (RaDeCC), used for measuring 223Ra and 224Ra preconcentrated from water onto MnO2-impregnated acrylic fiber (“Mn-fiber”), require a standard Mn-fiber column that has a precisely known activity of 224Ra for calibration. This may be done by adding an aged 228Th standard solution to adsorb both 228Th and its daughter 224Ra quantitatively onto a Mn fiber. We used both seawater and deionized water (DIW) for testing the adsorption efficiency of Th and Ra onto Mn fibers. Our experimental results show that more than 50% of thorium (232Th and 228Th) breaks through the Mn-fiber column when DIW is used as a medium. However, near quantitative recoveries are obtained if filtered (0.45 μm) seawater is used to prepare the standard. In the case of pure DIW, the pH (initial pH 5.3) rises to > 10 after passing through the column while seawater (initial pH 7.8) changes to 7.2. Thus, the lack of thorium adsorption in DIW may be attributed to this huge increase of pH and the consequent formation of Th(OH)4 and polyhydroxyl colloids. Based on these observations, we recommend that one should use either artificial seawater or natural seawater (which has negligible 224Ra and 228Th) as a loading solution after 0.45 μm filtration. In addition, the thorium adsorption efficiency should be confirmed either by thorium analysis of the effluent solution or long-term monitoring of the supported 224Ra on the Mn fiber using the RaDeCC. Similar cautions are likely necessary for making 223Ra standards by adsorption of 227Ac onto Mn fibers. 相似文献
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Odours of different sources can indicate to hermit crabs the availability of empty shells, crucial resources for the life cycle of almost all of them. Here, we compared Clibanarius erythropus and Pagurus bernhardus for the intensity of investigative behaviour exhibited towards an empty, well-fitting shell in the presence of (1) plain seawater as control and seawater conditioned by (2) dead and live snails, (3) dead and live conspecifics, (4) live predators, and (5) food. During 10 min of observation, we recorded latency (the time until the first contact with the shell), and the number and duration of shell investigation bouts. The two species behaved similarly when exposed to the odours of food, live snails, and predators, while a more intense shell investigation was induced by dead snail odour in C. erythropus and by dead or live conspecific odour in P. bernhardus. Further studies should investigate the influence of phylogeny and ecology on this interspecific difference. 相似文献
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The paper presents the design and preliminary test results of a corer used for hard seafloor sediments sampling.Generally the sediment cores are provided by either gravity-type coring or deep-ocean drilling for a range of studies.However,in consideration of the operability and available sample length in collecting hard sediments,these methods exhibit no advantages.In this paper,a new corer which can exploit both hydrostatic energy and gravity energy for hard sediments coring is presented.The hydrostatic energy is provided by pressure differential between ambient seawater pressure and air pressure in an empty cavity.During sampling process,the corer penetrates into the sediment like a gravity corer and then automatically shifts to the percussion mode.The experiments in the laboratory indicate that the corer can complete 40 cycles in the sea with a cycle time of 2.8 seconds in percussion mode and impact the sample tube with the velocity of 0.2 m/s during each cycle.Besides,its adjustable falling velocity can make the corer achieve the maximum efficiency in coring different sediments. 相似文献
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针对海洋温差能可利用温差小,利用效率低的问题,本文提出了一种采用非共沸混合工质的新型海洋温差能回热循环,并基于热力学定律对提出的热力循环进行热力学分析。选取蒸发压力、工质的质量分数作为变量,对提出的热力循环进行热力学分析研究。研究结果表明:以工质质量分数为变量时,循环热效率和系统净输出随蒸发压力的增加先增大后减小,系统热效率在工质质量分数为0.91时取得最大值5.28%,净输出功在浓度为0.96时取得最大值3.83 kW。以蒸发压力为变量时,循环热效率和系统净输出随工质质量分数的增大先增大后减小,系统热效率在蒸发压力为0.595 MPa时取得最大值5.26%,净输出功在压力为0.58 MPa时取得最大值3.57 kW。在相同运行控制参数下与Uehara循环、Yoon循环进行对比,提出的循环系统热效率最佳。提出的热力循环系统分析结果可对提高海洋温差能利用效率提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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水下量子密钥分配对保障水下通信安全具有十分重要的意义。本文研究不同温度或盐度的海水对光传输以及水下量子密钥分配的影响。本文在有限的范围内改变水槽中水的温度或盐度,在温盐均匀和有温盐差的海水信道中对出射光进行偏振测试,并进行了基于偏振编码的BB84协议水下量子密钥分配实验研究。研究表明:偏振光经过温盐均匀或有温盐差的模拟海水后其偏振态几乎不发生变化;在温盐均匀的海水中,温度或盐度的变化几乎不改变误码率,但在温盐不均匀的海水中,误码率随温盐差的增大呈增加趋势。 相似文献
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Takeshi Naganuma Masanori Kyo Tatsuhiko Ueki Kazuhiko Takeda Jun-ichiro Ishibashi 《Journal of Oceanography》1998,54(3):241-246
A new hydrothermal fluid sampler has been developed to provide more maneuverability in underwater operation. The sampler characteristically
employs a shape-memory alloy, which senses high temperature and actuates the suction mechanism. A shape-memory alloy is also
used to switch the intake valve of the sampler, the intention being to avoid missampling when the inlet is in low temperature
water. Prototype samplers were designed to collect the fluids hotter than 80°C. Test sampling was performed at hydrothermal
vents (1372–1374 m deep) in the submarine volcano, Suiyo Seamount, Izu-Bonin Arc, northwestern Pacific. Observed fluid temperature
was between 138 and 298°C, while the ambient seawater temperature was 3.1°C. Each prototype collected about 100 ml fluid as
designed. The magnesium concentration in the samples indicated a seawater content of 47.5–90.8%, which indicates the entrainment
of ambient seawater. Microscopic observatinn revealed the occurrence of microorganisms in the sample fluids at a population
density of 105 to 106 cells ml−1, which is 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than those in seawater at that depth. The use of the newly developed fluid sampler
will greatly facilitate the collection of vent-associated microorganisms, which are of potential biological and biotechnological
interest. 相似文献
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The resonance period of the L-shaped channel in the caisson is predicted analytically for the seawater exchange breakwater of “Applicability Study of the Seawater Exchange Breakwater (1). Korea Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (in Korean) (1999a)”. Hydraulic experiments are conducted for a composite breakwater with a rear reservoir that is one of the seawater exchange breakwaters developed by them. For regular waves, the water surface elevation in the channel and the flow rate through the breakwater are measured. For irregular waves, the flow rate through the breakwater and the reflection coefficient on the breakwater are measured. The resonant maximum values in both the surface elevation and the flow rate, and the resonant minimum values in the reflection coefficient are all at wave periods slightly longer than analytically predicted ones. The measured resonance period for irregular waves is closer to the predicted one than for regular waves. If the resonance period of the L-shaped channel is fitted to the dominant period of incident waves, there would be high efficiency of seawater exchange between inside and outside the harbor. 相似文献
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总结了加拿大地调局在开展近海陆坡及大陆架地质、地球物理调查和其他综合海洋调查工作时通常使用的专门的调查仪器和设备，包括调查船、定位系统、测深设备、侧扫声纳设备、取样取心设备、地震调查设备、水下摄影设备及其他设备以及相关的调查技术；总结了我们在海洋地质调查方面与加拿大的差距。 相似文献