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川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产控制因素 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
《地学前缘》2016,(1):1-10
中美页岩气地质和地表条件的对比分析表明,中国南方海相页岩与北美典型页岩的主要评价指标相近,是页岩气勘探的主攻层系。其中,四川盆地及周缘地区是有利勘探地区。中国石油化工股份有限公司2006年以来,经历6年的研究与勘探探索,2012年在四川盆地涪陵焦石坝地区龙马溪组页岩气获得重大突破,发现了涪陵页岩气田,取得了中国页岩气的首个商业发现。五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产的地质因素包括原始沉积条件和后期保存条件,台内坳陷控制优质页岩的形成分布,页岩厚度大、有机质含量高是页岩气选区的首要评价指标。保存条件影响页岩气的富集程度,四川盆地内部总体保存条件较好,有三叠系膏盐岩分布的地区保存条件好,页岩气层段压力系数高,页岩气富集程度高。在选区评价中,原始沉积条件和后期保存条件均有利的地区是页岩气勘探的有利区。通过对典型探井五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气富集条件的分析表明,有机质提供了页岩气富集的物质基础,有机质孔是页岩气富集的主要储集空间,层理(缝)是页岩气水平渗流的高效通道,高硅质含量具有良好的可压性,高压力系数指示页岩气富集程度高。有机质、有机质孔、层理(缝)、硅质含量和压力系数等表征页岩气富集与高产的5种关键参数具有成因联系和统计相关的特征,纵向上又具有"五性一体"的分布特征,从而决定了五峰组-龙马溪组下部富含有机质的优质页岩层段既可以富集页岩气,又有利于页岩气的开发,是开发页岩气的主要层段和水平井轨迹的关键目标层。 相似文献
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南方海相页岩气“二元富集”规律——四川盆地及周缘龙马溪组页岩气勘探实践认识 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
继JY1井龙马溪组页岩测试获得高产工业气流,实现南方海相页岩气的战略突破之后,近期焦石坝地区多口开发井获得高产天然气流,展现出四川盆地海相页岩气勘探的良好前景。通过对四川盆地及周缘多口井的岩性、有机地球化学、岩石矿物含量、物性、储集类型、微观孔隙结构特征、裂缝发育程度、含气量和气井产量、压力等钻探成果及分析测试资料进行深入解剖研究,探索并提出了复杂构造区海相页岩气"二元富集"规律,即:深水陆棚优质泥页岩发育是页岩气"成烃控储"的基础;良好的保存条件是页岩气"成藏控产"的关键。本文对中国南方海相页岩气的高效勘探开发具有重要的借鉴、指导意义。 相似文献
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近些年来,四川盆地及其周缘五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气勘探开发实践表明页岩气具有差异富集特征。基于四川盆地及其周缘五峰组-龙马溪组页岩TOC、XRD及元素等分析数据,结合前人已发表的相关数据资料,对川南、川东及川东北地区开展了有机质差异富集特征初步分析,并从矿物组分（黏土矿物含量）、保存条件及古生产力3个方面探讨其控制因素。研究表明：1）有机质差异富集特征表现为：五峰组沉积时期,四川盆地及其周缘有机质富集程度差异相对较小,川东地区有机质富集程度略高于川南地区和川东北地区;而龙马溪组沉积早期,有机质富集程度差异相对较大,川东北地区有机质富集程度明显高于川东地区和川南地区;2）差异的保存（氧化还原）条件是造成四川盆地及其周缘不同地区五峰组-龙马溪组有机质差异富集的主控因素。 相似文献
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《地球化学》2019,(6)
近年来随着我国页岩气勘探领域从上扬子地区逐步扩展到中扬子地区,位于中扬子的宜昌、神农架地区由于广泛发育五峰-龙马溪组黑色页岩而受到了较多的关注。本次研究通过对比鄂西宜昌、神农架地区与川东焦石坝地区五峰-龙马溪组黑色页岩的地球化学特征、孔隙结构特征和构造保存条件等因素,综合评价宜昌、神农架地区五峰-龙马溪组富有机质页岩的含气性。结果表明,神农架背斜北翼八角庙剖面五峰-龙马溪组黑色页岩发育以微孔和介孔为主的有机质孔隙,与宜昌和焦石坝地区五峰-龙马溪组黑色页岩孔隙特征相似,具备良好的页岩气储集空间。宜昌、神农架地区与焦石坝地区的五峰-龙马溪组黑色页岩在厚度、热演化程度、矿物组成、页岩孔隙类型和分布特征上有很大的相似性,但在页岩的分布范围、有机质丰度及类型上均存在差异。另外,宜昌、神农架地区受宜昌上升运动等构造活动的影响,在古隆起中心部位的五峰-龙马溪组遭受严重剥蚀破坏,页岩气保存条件较差,仅在古隆起周缘地区还发育保存条件较好的富有机质页岩。综合认为位于黄陵隆起东缘的宜昌斜坡带是今后鄂西、渝东地区页岩气勘探开发的有利地区。 相似文献
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针对我国南方海相富有机质页岩时空非均质强、热演化程度高、构造演化历史复杂、页岩气具差异富集和保存条件多样等特点,采用多学科方法对南方五峰组-龙马溪组海相页岩气区进行精细解剖,形成了针对南方复杂地区海相高过成熟页岩气评价参数表征的多项关键技术.研究结果显示富泥硅质页岩和富泥/硅混合质页岩是五峰组-龙马溪组的优质岩相;页岩中孔和宏孔提供了主要的孔体积,微-纳米孔隙结构特征受页岩组分及其孔隙发育程度双重控制;页岩气富集演化具二高、三复杂特点（古温度高,热演化程度高,温压演化复杂,页岩气赋存方式复杂及保存条件复杂）.研究中所提出的页岩岩相表征和优选技术、多尺度储集空间全息表征技术、海相页岩复杂演化改造过程表征技术、初步形成的甜点评价参数体系表征方法可有效地应用于南方五峰组-龙马溪组海相页岩气评价.研究成果可为南方页岩气基础地质调查工程提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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基于涪陵焦石坝地区页岩气高产工业气流的推动,四川盆地及其周缘下古生界五峰组龙马溪组页岩已经成为了中国页岩气研究的重点,至今已取得大量相关研究成果,这进一步推动了页岩气研究工作的深入。但作为页岩及页岩气研究的基础--页岩岩相分类这个问题却一直存在明显争议,为此本文全面梳理了国内外页岩岩相分类方案及相关研究,有机结合了国内五峰组龙马溪组页岩的研究和勘探实例,确定了页岩岩相分类的两个核心指标(石英百分含量、纹层发育程度),构建了五峰组龙马溪组页岩岩相的分类流程,建立了9种不同类型的页岩岩相：(1)贫硅不平行纹层页岩;(2)中硅不平行纹层页岩;(3)富硅不平行纹层页岩;(4)贫硅平行纹层页岩;(5)中硅平行纹层页岩;(6)富硅平行纹层页岩;(7)贫硅不明显纹层页岩;(8)中硅不明显纹层页岩;(9)富硅不明显纹层页岩。在系统的页岩岩相分类基础上进一步提出了四川盆地及周缘进行页岩气勘探最有利层段的页岩岩相的三高特征：高石英含量、高TOC含量及高压裂性。 相似文献
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四川盆地东南部保存条件较好的五峰组-龙马溪组页岩普遍存在超压,且在其他地质条件相同的情况下,超压页岩储层相对于常压、低压储层具有更高的孔隙度.研究表明,富有机质页岩在适中的热演化过程中,由于烃类的大量生成,形成较多有机质孔隙,增加了页岩储层储集空间;另一方面,烃类大量生成造成的超压对页岩储层储集空间保存具有至关重要的作用.川东南五峰组-龙马溪组优质页岩储层孔隙以有机质孔、黏土矿物孔等塑性孔为主,且缺少刚性矿物颗粒支撑,易被上覆地层有效应力压实.但超压的存在对于页岩储层具有保护作用,抵消了上覆地层有效应力对页岩储层的机械压实,从而使已形成的页岩孔隙保存下来,使页岩储集空间得以保留.研究超压对页岩储层孔隙度影响机制以及超压页岩储层发育模式对于四川盆地五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气勘探、开发具有重要意义. 相似文献
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四川盆地南缘五峰-龙马溪组页岩气勘探难度大。以滇东北彝良县DD1井页岩气调查井为例,利用钻测井、岩心分析测试等资料评价其页岩气地质条件。滇东北彝良县DD1井的五峰-龙马溪组富有机质页岩厚度较小、有机质丰度低、热演化程度高、含气性差、N2含量高,其主要评价指标与盆地内JY1、N203等盆内页岩气高产井差异明显。在页岩气核心评价参数对比基础之上,对DD1井五峰-龙马溪组页岩气勘探失利的地质因素进行深入分析,认为其原因主要在于3个方面：1）五峰-龙马溪期距离黔中古隆起较近,五峰-龙马溪组下段为浅水潮坪相沉积,缺乏黑色富有机质页岩的物质基础;2）五峰-龙马溪组页岩热演化程度高,导致页岩孔隙度变差;3）五峰-龙马溪组埋深较浅,多种尺度裂缝发育,页岩气逸散严重,页岩气构造保存条件差。对滇东北彝良县DD1井页岩气钻探失利的分析,为盆外五峰-龙马溪组页岩气勘探提供了启示意义。 相似文献
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四川盆地及其周缘奥陶系五峰组志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
四川盆地及周缘地区奥陶系五峰组志留系龙马溪组页岩气富集主控因素包括：(1)特殊的古环境所形成的优质页岩是富集的基础。四川盆地及其周缘在五峰组和龙马溪组沉积时期,在弱挤压背景下发生了陆内拗陷沉降,奥陶纪末期冰期后全球性海平面快速上升,形成了较大规模的深水陆棚环境,为低等生物的大规模繁殖提供了有利条件,闭塞的海湾背景,为有机质的保存提供了有利的地球化学环境,欠补偿状态导致了地层中的高有机质含量。特殊生物类型所形成的大量有机硅,使成岩早期就形成了具有较强抗压实能力的岩石骨架,为早期生成原油的滞留提供了良好的空间,也为后期油向气转化时形成并保持大量的有机质孔奠定了物质基础。(2)有机质孔和特殊裂缝是页岩气富集的重要保障。有机碳含量高的优质页岩,有机质孔也发育较多,页岩的含气量大,游离气所占的比例更高。特殊裂缝主要指页岩层理缝和小尺度裂缝。在层理面堆积的笔石和藻类等成烃生物促进了这类层理缝的发育。小尺度裂缝提高了页岩自身的储集空间和渗流能力,有利于页岩气的聚集和成藏。(3)适度抬升状态下的有效保存是富集的关键。构造变形和抬升剥蚀是一把双刃剑。如果变形与抬升剥蚀作用太强,地层的封闭保存系统会破坏,导致不论是常规还是非常规的油气系统完全或者部分失效。因抬升产生微裂缝但没有出现大的穿层裂缝或断裂,即表现为一种“裂而不破”的状态是最理想的。远离断裂尤其是通天断裂、具有一定埋深且地层平缓的地区页岩气保存条件良好。四川盆地内与周缘地区保存条件的差异,主要是由于燕山中期运动所控制的构造变形、沉降沉积与抬升剥蚀作用的差异性所决定的。四川盆地及周缘地区奥陶系五峰组志留系龙马溪组页岩气有利富集区是位于富有机质黑色页岩厚度较大的深水陆棚沉积中心区、有机孔和微裂缝或页理发育的层段以及燕山期抬升时间晚且喜山期抬升幅度小区带所叠合的区域。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献