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1.
扬子西缘江浪穹窿核部里伍岩群的形成时代及构造背景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
江浪穹窿位于扬子陆块西缘,核部地层里伍岩群为一套变质的火山-沉积岩系。为精确厘定里伍岩群的形成时代并探讨其成岩构造背景,本文进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学以及岩石地球化学研究。定年结果表明变沉积岩中碎屑锆石年龄介于2521~262 Ma,其中最年轻一组岩浆成因锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为552.8±5.7 Ma(MSWD=2.1,n=6)。变沉积岩SiO_2含量变化很大(53.48%~96.08%),显示明显的Eu负异常(Eu/Eu*=0.50~0.67),相对富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba和U等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti等),其稀土、微量配分模式与大陆上地壳完全一致。变基性火山岩具有很低的SiO_2含量(39.92%~48.27%),其稀土、微量配分模式平坦,类似于E-MORB。结合变基性火山岩的锆石U-Pb定年结果(542±9.0 Ma),本文指出里伍岩群应当形成于新元古代晚期(553~542 Ma),而并非前人所认为的古元古代或中元古代。变沉积岩的物源区主要为扬子西缘新元古代地质体,与变基性火山岩均形成于Gondwana超大陆聚合之后的板片俯冲环境。此外,碎屑锆石的年龄谱反映江浪穹窿可能存在太古宙—古元古代变质基底,并且具有Rodinia超大陆的会聚-裂解事件以及加里东运动的地质年龄记录。 相似文献
2.
乌拉溪花岗岩体位于扬子陆块西缘的江浪穹窿北侧,为精确厘定其形成时代并探讨岩石成因、构造意义及与里伍式铜矿的关系,对其进行了SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学研究。定年结果表明,乌拉溪花岗岩中发育940.3~199.6Ma的锆石,最年轻一组岩浆锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为166.6±1.1Ma(MSWD=2.6,n=6)。结合前人研究成果,认为乌拉溪花岗岩体形成于~166.6Ma,接近邻近的文家坪花岗岩体结晶年龄(~161.5Ma),可能均是松潘—甘孜造山带伸展构造背景下里伍岩群部分熔融的产物。2个岩体年龄大致代表江浪穹窿的成穹时代,后者可能发生于166.6~161.5Ma。此外,花岗岩体结晶年龄与金属硫化物Re-Os定年结果相近,表明江浪穹窿的Cu、W成矿可能与岩浆热液作用相关。 相似文献
3.
为精确厘定川西江浪穹窿煌斑岩的形成时代并探讨其成因,对其进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年及岩石地球化学研究。结果表明,煌斑岩中发育大量2784~604Ma的捕获锆石,最年轻一组岩浆锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为29.85±0.35Ma。岩石地球化学分析显示,煌斑岩具有较低的Si O2含量(47.66%~50.93%)及高的K2O含量(4.98%~6.77%)、(Th/Ta)PM值(14.7~17.6)、(La/Nb)PM值(9.69~13.0),富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Sr、Ba和U),亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta和Ti)。综合前人研究成果,认为煌斑岩结晶年龄为~30Ma,形成于印度-亚洲大陆后碰撞伸展背景下的板内岩浆作用,且基性岩浆上升过程中明显遭受地壳物质混染。煌斑岩与雅砻江断裂具有密切的时空联系,暗示区内发育的新生代走滑断裂体系可能为岩浆侵位提供了通道。此外,两粒207Pb/206Pb年龄为2784Ma与2439Ma的锆石表明江浪穹窿很可能存在太古宙-古元古代变质基底。 相似文献
4.
对湖北大洪山地区一套紫红色砂-砾岩系沉积年代的再认识——碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖北大洪山地区花山群六房咀组之上不整合覆盖了一套紫红色砂-砾岩。这套岩石的沉积时代存在争议,一种观点认为是南华纪早期;另一种观点认为是晚侏罗世。利用LA-ICP-MS分析技术,对这套碎屑沉积岩进行了碎屑锆石U-Pb测年,获得有效年龄数据125组,年龄值变化范围较大(3223~771Ma),主要集中于新太古代末—古元古代早期(约2500Ma)、古元古代(约2000Ma)和新元古代(约800Ma)3个时间段。对比鄂东南地区和三峡地区莲沱组岩石学特征和碎屑锆石年龄分布特征,认为其具有相似的物源,这套岩系沉积时代应该为南华纪早期而非晚侏罗世。综合分析扬子地块的前寒武纪年龄,认为扬子地块可能存在大量未岀露的新太古代末—古元古代早期(约2500Ma)基底,约2500Ma的岩石应该是扬子地块深部基底的重要组成部分。扬子地块存在广泛的古元古代(约2000Ma)岩浆活动,这期岩浆活动可能是Columbia超大陆聚合在扬子地块的响应。新元古代(约800Ma)扬子地块北缘存在Rodinia超大陆裂解同期裂谷,裂谷内基性岩可能为大洪山地区南华纪地层中基性岩砾石的物源。 相似文献
5.
江浪穹窿位于扬子陆块西缘,本文作者在穹窿南部新发现一套侵入于二叠系及志留系的超基性岩,岩石主要由蛇纹石(约60%)、橄榄石(约30%)和少量磁铁矿(约5%)、角闪石(约5%)组成。为探讨超基性岩的成因,本文进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素研究。定年结果表明,超基性岩中发育大量2427~430 Ma的捕获锆石,最年轻一组岩浆锆石206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为222.3±4.4 Ma(MSWD=1.9,n=6)。主微量元素分析显示岩石：(1)具有低的SiO2含量(46.76%~39.07%)、高的Mg#值(82.3~74.0)与Cr、Co、Ni丰度;(2)稀土元素含量(ΣREE平均31.8 μg/g)与(La/Yb)N值(5.26~1.38)偏低,稀土配分型式较为平坦,具有较弱的Ce负异常(Ce/Ce*=0.80~0.67);(3)富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba和U,亏损高场强元素Zr和Hf;(4)(Th/Yb)PM值(29.8~1.56)、(Th/Ta)PM值(0.22~0.03)、(La/Nb)PM值(1.91~0.39)及La/Sm值(5.88~1.11)较低。Sr-Nd同位素分析显示,超基性岩具有较低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0.706872~0.702598)和高的εNd(t)值(8.02~5.64),成分接近于亏损地幔和岛弧玄武岩,计算表明地壳物质的混染程度低于5%。结合前人研究成果,本文认为超基性岩结晶年龄为222.3 Ma,可能形成于古特提斯洋闭合阶段的岛弧背景;原始岩浆来自高度部分熔融的地幔源区,上升侵位过程中可能经历了铬铁矿与橄榄石的分离结晶作用。此外,捕获锆石的年龄谱反映江浪穹窿很可能存在太古宙—古元古代变质基底,并且具有Rodinia超大陆会聚—裂解以及泛非事件的地质年龄记录。 相似文献
6.
东昆仑东段巴隆地区变复成分砾岩层锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东昆仑东段巴隆地区哈图沟出露一套变质—变形的沉积地层,其北部为变复成分砾岩段、南部为变细碎屑岩段。根据变复成分砾岩段砾石成分统计、砾石的分选系数(1.24~1.42)及砾石的砾度等粒性特征得出该套变复成分砾岩地层为近源快速堆积的产物。利用LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb微区测年技术,对变复成分砾岩段绢云钠长石英片岩的碎屑锆石进行U-Pb同位素测年,测试结果表明,碎屑锆石年龄谱可明显划分为6组:1南华纪—震旦纪年龄组,751~602Ma,峰值为674Ma,该组锆石年龄与东昆仑造山带新元古代中—晚期岩浆事件的年龄相对应,并且与Rodinia超大陆裂解事件相关,该组锆石中最小的年龄为602Ma,表明沉积地层形成时代应晚于602Ma;2中元古代晚期—新元古代中期年龄组,1146~783Ma,出现三个峰值,分别为788Ma、947Ma和1115Ma,该组锆石年龄与东昆仑造山带中元古代晚期—新元古代中期岩浆事件大致相对应,代表东昆仑地区响应了全球尺度的Rodinia超大陆的汇聚事件,且证实了柴达木—祁连—东昆仑等地(陆)块前寒武纪的演化特点与塔里木及扬子克拉通非常相似;3中元古代晚期年龄组,1399~1180Ma,峰值为1318Ma,该组锆石年龄可能与东昆仑构造带中元古代晚期岩浆事件相关;4中元古代早期年龄组,1712~1553Ma,峰值为1556Ma,该年龄谱段代表了源区在中元古代早期存在着一期热事件;5新太古代晚期—古元古代早期年龄组,2530~2347Ma,峰值为2518Ma,该组锆石年龄与东昆仑造山带内新太古代晚期—古元古代早期岩浆事件年龄大致相对应,表明东昆仑造山带新太古代晚期—古元古代早期岩浆物质也为哈图沟变质地层提供了物源;6太古宙年龄组,3230~2763Ma,表明变复成分砾岩的物源区可能存在古太古代陆核。通过对变质岩系的碎屑锆石年龄和物源特征的分析研究,认为这套变质的沉积地层并非前人所划归的泥盆系牦牛山组,其形成时代应归属于晚震旦世。砾石成分统计和年代学测试结果表明,巴隆地区哈图沟变复成分砾岩层物质主要来源于东昆仑造山带的前寒武纪白沙河岩组、小庙岩组、万宝沟岩群等变质地层和中、新元古代深变质的花岗质片麻岩等。 相似文献
7.
《矿物岩石》2016,(2)
江浪穹窿位于扬子陆块西缘,其间的甲坝岩组发育一套顺层产出的角闪岩,主要由角闪石(80%~85%)、斜长石(10%~15%)与少量石英(3%)组成。为查明角闪岩的原岩性质、成岩时代及构造背景,对其进行岩石地球化学分析及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究。主微量元素测试结果表明:(1)角闪岩w(SiO_2)介于48.10%~54.44%,具有较高的Al_2O_3(平均13.82%)、Fe_2O_3~T(平均10.56%)、MgO(平均8.07%)、CaO(平均9.09%)含量;(2)轻、重稀土元素具中等程度分异((La/Yb)N平均3.57),无明显Ce异常与Eu异常;(3)富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb,Th和Sr),亏损高场强元素(如Nb,P,Zr,Hf和Ti),多数微量元素含量与N-MORB相当。原岩恢复及构造背景判别显示,角闪岩原岩可能是弧后盆地玄武岩。锆石U-Pb年代学分析表明,角闪岩中锆石具有清晰的振荡环带及较高的Th/U值(平均0.51),应属岩浆成因;锆石~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb加权平均年龄分为2 385Ma及2 211 Ma两组,前者应为捕获锆石的年龄,后者可以代表原岩结晶年龄。这一结果暗示,至少有部分甲坝岩组地层形成于古元古代。综合分析,江浪穹窿很可能发育古元古代基底,且部分地层时代亟待重新厘定。 相似文献
8.
为厘定江浪穹窿文家坪花岗岩的侵位时代并探讨岩石成因,开展了地球化学、锆石U Pb年代学和Hf同位素研究。文家坪花岗岩岩性为黑云母花岗岩,由石英(约40%)、钾长石(约35%)、黑云母(约15%)及斜长石(<10%)等矿物组成。主微量元素分析表明,江浪穹窿文家坪花岗岩具有高的SiO2含量(6770%~7009%)、Na2O+K2O含量(743%~784%)、Zr+Nb+Ce+Y含量(363×10-6~476×10-6)、Mg#指数(359~387)及10 000×Ga/Al比值(258~284),显示右倾的稀土配分型式,富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素。锆石U Pb定年与Hf同位素示踪表明,花岗岩结晶年龄为(1646±09) Ma(n=21,MSWD=32),εHf(t)值介于-130~+14之间。综合研究提出,文家坪花岗岩属后造山A2型花岗岩,形成于岩石圈伸展构造背景,岩浆源区主要为江浪穹窿核部的中元古界里伍岩群及少量的幔源物质。结合其他地质成果,认为江浪穹窿成穹时代为早—中侏罗世,且区域Cu、W成矿作用很可能与约165 Ma花岗质岩浆活动具有成因联系。 相似文献
9.
通过对苏北盆地高邮凹陷古近系戴南组一段35件泥岩样品的稀土元素和4件碎屑岩的锆石U- Pb年代学分析,对苏北戴南组地层的物源及苏北盆地基底构造演化进行了深入探讨,恢复了沉积盆地与源区之间的耦合关系。全岩稀土元素特征表明苏北盆地古近系戴南组沉积物主要来自大别—苏鲁造山带广泛分布的新元古代浅变质酸性火成岩,具体母岩可能为高钾I型花岗片麻岩。376组协和年龄数据主要集中在2450~2600Ma、1700~2000Ma、750~850Ma、100~300Ma四个区间,其中2450~2600Ma这个年龄峰与全球新太古代晚期古陆核生长事件基本一致;1700~1900Ma这组年龄指示下扬子陆块东北部存在古元古代变质和岩浆事件,说明下扬子地块存在古元古代统一变质基底;750~850Ma这组年龄为指示扬子与华夏板块最终聚合的年龄;在100~300Ma这个年龄段中,250~300 Ma年龄锆石指示扬子地块发生裂解导致玄武岩喷发及后期伴生酸性岩浆侵入;200~250Ma为三叠纪华南陆块俯冲进入华北陆块之下形成大陆碰撞型造山带构造事件在本区的记录;100~200Ma 对应于侏罗纪-白垩纪（燕山期）,指示苏北盆地及周围有晚白垩纪侵入岩物源的存在,大别山-苏鲁造山带侵入岩的侵位时间可能要推迟到晚白垩世。本次测试最小年龄为94±2Ma,早于仪征运动的时间（83.5Ma）,说明高邮凹陷南部陡坡带戴南组沉积物多为再旋回沉积物,沉积物来自扬子地块基底的古老岩石和大别—苏鲁造山带的新元古代浅变质岩基底,并受张八岭隆起区南段的中生代火成岩影响。 相似文献
10.
江西武功山地区老虎塘组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素: 沉积时代厘定及其源区特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
江西宜春武功山地区出露的震旦纪老虎塘组由薄层状的砂岩、粉砂岩和泥岩组成,岩石普遍经历了强烈的变形和变质作用。由于缺乏古生物化石和年龄值,其沉积时代和源区存在着争议。本文运用LA-ICP-MS技术,对老虎塘组两件变砂岩中的碎屑锆石进行了U-Pb和Hf同位素测定,共获得187个U-Pb年龄值,主要位于423~537 Ma和660~1 280 Ma两段。两个样品中最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为(432.7±1.8)Ma,结合区域地质资料限定老虎塘组形成时代为志留纪。锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素表明,年龄为423~537 Ma的碎屑锆石主要来源于华夏板块北缘加里东期的花岗岩,而年龄为660~1 280 Ma碎屑锆石显示物源主要来自钦—杭结合带,而其它少量的古元古代和太古代物质可能主要来源于华夏板块基底或者再循环的物质。因此,碎屑锆石年龄显示老虎塘组物源主要来源于华夏板块北緣加里东期岩浆岩和钦—杭结合带。大量的早古生代碎屑锆石数据反映了华夏板块北緣加里东期的造山事件,这次造山事件为早古生代晚期沉积盆地提供了大量的物质来源。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献