滇东北矿集区茂租铅锌矿床热液白云石稀土元素特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

吴永涛  韩润生 《矿床地质》2018,37(3):656-666

茂租铅锌矿床位于扬子地台西南缘,是滇东北矿集区内的一个大型矿床,矿体呈似层状产于震旦系灯影组白云岩中。矿石矿物以闪锌矿为主,次为方铅矿。脉石矿物主要为白云石、萤石和方解石。矿床的矿化蚀变分带明显,从围岩到矿体,矿化蚀变分带分别为:斑点状白云石化带、脉状白云石化带、星点状矿化带、细脉浸染状矿化带和矿体。白云石是该矿床的重要脉石矿物,除了震旦系灯影组的微晶-细晶白云石外,与成矿热液活动有关的白云石主要有斑点状白云石、脉状白云石和团块状白云石。文章对茂租铅锌矿床3种热液白云石及围岩灯影组白云岩的稀土元素地球化学特征进行了对比研究。结果表明:3种热液白云石与灯影组白云岩的稀土元素配分模式比较接近,总体上具有稀土元素总量低、轻稀土元素富集和Ce元素负异常的特征,这些相似的稀土元素特征表明3种蚀变白云石与围岩之间存在着成因联系。灯影组白云岩ΣREE含量较低,具有Eu元素负异常,而脉状和团块状热液白云石具有明显的Eu元素正异常,反映了存在较高温度的流体活动,热液蚀变白云岩是由高温热液流体形成。斑点状热液白云石Eu元素异常不太明显,可能是由于蚀变强度较弱,继承了原岩Eu元素负异常的特征。团块状白云石ΣREE和w(Y)、w(Sm)较高,表明有其他REE富集流体的加入。3种热液白云石是由高温流体形成,流体主要来源于地层,并有其他富含REE流体加入。  相似文献   

滇东北矿集区茂租铅锌矿床地球化学特征     

吴永涛  韩润生 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2019,49(2):400-413

茂租铅锌矿床位于扬子地台西南缘,是滇东北矿集区内的一个大型矿床,矿体主要呈似层状产于震旦系灯影组白云岩中;矿石矿物以闪锌矿为主,次为方铅矿;脉石矿物主要为白云石、方解石和萤石。本文对该矿床中与铅锌矿密切共生的团块状白云石、方解石和萤石以及围岩灯影组白云岩的REE地球化学特征和C、O、Sr同位素进行了对比研究。结果表明:团块状白云石和方解石的稀土配分模式、C同位素和Sr同位素比值与围岩灯影组白云岩比较接近,表明形成团块状白云石和方解石的成矿流体主要来源于围岩灯影组白云岩的溶解;但这两种矿物的稀土总量ΣREE高于灯影组白云岩,说明成矿流体除了主要由围岩提供REE外,还有部分其他富含REE流体的加入。萤石则具有LREE亏损和分配曲线相对平缓的稀土配分模式特征,表明萤石形成于成矿的晚阶段,有更多的外部流体的加入。团块状白云石、方解石和萤石表现出明显的Eu正异常,且团块状白云石和方解石的O同位素低于灯影组白云岩,反映了存在较高温度的流体活动,这3种脉石矿物是由高温热液流体形成的。灯影组白云岩和3种脉石矿物都具有明显的Ce负异常,说明成矿流体可能主要来源于地层循环水,继承了围岩的Ce负异常特征。方解石和萤石的Sr同位素比值高于围岩震旦系灯影组白云岩和峨眉山玄武岩,但小于基底岩石昆阳群和会理群,说明成矿流体主要由赋矿围岩等沉积地层中的循环流体与流经了基底岩石的深部流体混合形成。  相似文献   

滇东北茂租铅锌矿床热液方解石稀土元素地球化学特征     

《矿物学报》2013,(4)

滇东北茂租铅锌矿床赋存于震旦系灯影组白云岩中,矿体呈似层状、脉状和不规则状,矿石主要由黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿、方解石和白云石等组成。方解石是该矿床中最为主要的脉石矿物,其形成贯穿整个成矿过程。本文选择与硫化物紧密共生的团斑状方解石为研究对象,借助等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),获得了5件热液方解石的稀土元素含量数据。结果显示,全部样品的总稀土元素含量较低(ΣREE=19.56×10-6⁶2.55×10-6),轻、重稀土元素间分异较明显[ΣLREE/ΣHREE=1.3062.55×10-6),轻、重稀土元素间分异较明显[ΣLREE/ΣHREE=1.30¹0.83,(La/Yb)N=2.8310.83,(La/Yb)N=2.83³1.40]。全部样品的(La/Sm)N(0.9231.40]。全部样品的(La/Sm)N(0.92⁶.30)和(Gd/Yb)N(3.086.30)和(Gd/Yb)N(3.08⁵.24)值表明轻稀土和重稀土元素内部分异不显著,δEu=1.875.24)值表明轻稀土和重稀土元素内部分异不显著,δEu=1.87⁴.27,呈明显的Eu正异常特征,而δCe=0.834.27,呈明显的Eu正异常特征,而δCe=0.83¹.18,显示Ce异常特征不明显。茂租铅锌矿床中热液方解石稀土元素含量、配分模式及相关参数与赋矿围岩灯影组白云岩不同,与区域上不同时代地层沉积岩及二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩也不同,但与会泽超大型铅锌矿床中的团斑和脉状热液方解石相似,暗示茂租铅锌矿床成矿流体中的REE来源与可能会泽矿床相似。结合同标本的C-O同位素组成和Sm-Nd同位素年龄,认为茂租铅锌矿床形成于晚三叠纪(196±13 Ma),其成矿流体中的不同组分具有不同的来源,可能与川滇黔铅锌矿床属于同构造热事件的产物,与VMS、SEDEX和MVT型不同,暂归为川滇黔型。  相似文献   

贵州竹林沟锗锌矿床碳酸盐矿物学和矿物化学特征及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨智谋  周家喜  罗开  杨德智  余杰  周发朝 《岩石学报》2021,37(9):2743-2760

以碳酸盐岩为容矿岩石的后生热液铅锌矿床(Mississippi Valley-type,MVT矿床)是世界上一种重要的铅锌矿床类型,也是锗的重要工业来源之一。热液碳酸盐矿物是MVT矿床中最主要的脉石矿物,其形成贯穿整个MVT矿床成矿过程。因此,碳酸盐矿物携带丰富的成矿信息,是认识MVT矿床成因的重要补充。位于贵州省贵定县境内的竹林沟锗锌矿床,是近年来新发现的富锗锌矿床(平均品位97.9×10~(-6)Ge,6.54%Zn),赋存于泥盆系碳酸盐岩中。本次工作发现该矿床不同期次热液白云石的矿物学和微量元素地球化学特征存在明显差异:成矿期前白云石(Dol1)主要呈细脉状穿插围岩,被成矿期白云石和硫化物脉穿插,部分呈细粒状被后期白云石包裹;成矿早期白云石(Dol2)主要呈粗粒状,与闪锌矿共生;主成矿期白云石(Dol3)主要呈脉状、团块状,与闪锌矿和黄铁矿共生;成矿晚期白云石(Dol4)呈团块状充填于闪锌矿矿石或者围岩中;成矿期后白云石(Dol5)呈脉状穿插或包裹其它期次白云石/闪锌矿-黄铁矿条带。C-O同位素研究表明,成矿期白云石主要来源于碳酸盐围岩的溶解,成矿流体中的C来源于围岩,而较低的δ~(18)O值可能是亏损~(18)O的成矿流体和围岩间水/岩反应过程中O同位素发生交换的结果。激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)白云石原位微量元素分析结果表明,Dol2-Dol4的Y/Ho比值相对稳定(30.5～47.9),结合区域成矿特征,认为形成成矿期白云石的流体主要为盆地卤水,与该矿床属于MVT矿床事实吻合。Dol1和Dol5具有相对较低的稀土总量(∑REE=3.97×10~(-6)～29.7×10~(-6)),很可能与白云岩围岩(∑REE=25.2×10~(-6)～61.3×10~(-6))溶解作用有关,直接继承围岩的稀土元素组成特征;成矿期Dol2-Dol4的∑REE较高(∑REE=39.2×10~(-6)～117×10~(-6)),暗示成矿流体本身也携带了部分稀土元素。成矿各期次白云石均具有明显的Eu负异常(δEu=0.38～0.72)特征,指示成矿温度可能较高( 200℃),Ce正异常相对稳定(δCe=1.10～1.28),暗示其成矿流体pH值保持弱酸性。综上,本文认为竹林沟锗锌矿床的形成经历如下过程:在伸展背景下,深循环盆地卤水萃取下伏地层和基底岩石中的Zn、Ge和REE等元素,形成富金属流体,受构造作用驱动沿区域性断裂不断向上运移,在赋矿层位与富硫流体发生混合作用,导致闪锌矿等硫化物沉淀;在整个成矿过程,成矿环境经历了还原→氧化的转变,成矿元素发生了共生分异,在竹林沟形成富锗锌矿体,在牛角塘形成富镉锌矿体,而pH始终保持弱酸性,直至被围岩碳酸盐岩中和。  相似文献   

黔西北纳雍枝铅锌矿床热液白云石地球化学特征及其找矿指示     

《矿物学报》2018,(6)

黔西北纳雍枝铅锌矿床位于扬子板块西南缘,是近年来贵州境内新发现大型的铅锌矿,其铅锌资源量超过135万吨。铅锌矿体呈层状、似层状和脉状产于下寒武统清虚洞组白云岩地层中,矿物主要为闪锌矿、方铅矿、白云石以及少量黄铁矿和方解石等。白云石是该矿床最为主要的脉石矿物,其形成贯穿整个成矿过程,对成矿期白云石的地球化学特征研究,可以为揭示成矿流体来源和演化提供重要信息。本次分析结果显示,成矿期白云石稀土元素含量介于61.79×10~(-6)～63.03×10~(-6)之间,以富集轻稀土,较明显Eu异常(δEu=0.63～0.66)和不明显Ce异常(δCe=1.28～1.33)为特征。成矿期热液白云石与赋矿围岩稀土含量虽不同,但均呈现轻稀土富集型。阴极发光下成矿期白云石呈亮暗相间的同心环带状,暗示在整个白云岩化过程中热液流体经历了至少8次的化学成分改变或脉动变化。结合成矿期白云石稀土元素分配模式、Y-REE和Y-Sm组成,我们认为本矿床成矿流体具有多源性特征,赋矿碳酸盐岩、下伏地层以及基底岩石均可能为成矿提供部分流体,白云石生长环带与赋矿白云岩溶解与/或硫化物沉淀有关。此外,成矿期白云石和期后热液白云石阴极发光图像和稀土元素地球化学特征明显不同,可作为在区内寻找经济性铅锌矿化的重要地球化学标志。  相似文献   

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床构造带方解石稀土元素地球化学   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

黄智龙  李文博  陈进  吴静  韩润生  刘丛强 《矿床地质》2003,22(2):199-207

云南会泽超大型铅锌矿床明显受北东向构造带控制 ,构造带中的脉状方解石为富碳酸盐流体活动的产物。文章通过对这种脉状方解石的稀土元素地球化学研究 ,探讨构造流体的来源及其与成矿流体的关系。结果显示 ,矿区北东向构造带中脉状方解石的稀土含量范围较宽 (∑REE :5 .4 71× 10 -6～ 5 6 .788× 10 -6)、稀土配分模式为相似的轻稀土富集型、存在较强的铕负异常 (δEu :0 .4 39～ 0 .74 2 )。结合地层、矿石中脉石矿物方解石、峨眉山玄武岩的稀土元素含量和碳、氧同位素组成 ,认为控矿构造带中方解石稀土为同源构造流体的结晶产物 ,构造流体稀土元素地球化学特征明显受成矿流体的控制  相似文献   

陕西南郑马元铅锌矿床热液白云石地球化学     

《大地构造与成矿学》2015,(6)

陕西南郑马元层控型铅锌矿床位于扬子板块北部碑坝穹隆构造的南缘,呈似层状产于震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩构造带中。矿石矿物为闪锌矿、方铅矿,脉石矿物有白云石、石英、重晶石、方解石和固体沥青。矿区明显发育早期微晶脉状和晚期(成矿期)粗晶团斑状热液白云石。本文对马元铅锌矿床两类热液白云石及围岩的C、O、Sr同位素及稀土元素(REE)地球化学特征进行了对比研究。结果表明:早期脉状白云石的δ~(13)C(0.18‰)、δ~(18)O(-7.39‰)及~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr(0.70967)值与围岩震旦系白云岩大致一致,表明成矿流体中C、O、Sr来源于震旦系白云岩的溶解,稀土元素具明显的Eu正异常(δEu=1.78),可能反映了其形成于较强的还原环境。成矿期团斑状白云石δ~(13)C值(-2.51‰~0.93‰)与围岩震旦系白云岩(-3.2‰~1.33‰)一致,δ~(18)O值(-12.91‰~-10.95‰)较围岩(-9.2‰~-3.85‰)平均偏低5.7‰,且团斑状白云石具有较围岩白云岩高的稀土总量和~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值,表明流体可能流经了具有高87Sr/86Sr值和高稀土总量的基底或上覆碎屑岩系,其较围岩偏低δ~(18)O值和Eu正异常(δEu=1.42)可能与流体具有较高的温度有关。早期脉状白云石可能与震旦系地层中封存的低温压实作用流体有关,晚期(成矿期)与团斑状白云石有关的成矿期流体可能主要与循环达基底的深部中低温流体有关。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

苏中堂  陈洪德  徐粉燕  张成弓  林良彪 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,(Z2):53-61

稀土元素具良好的地球化学过程示踪性,且受成岩流体影响小,在分析白云岩化流体性质和白云岩化成岩环境方面具有独特效果。采用中子活化法对鄂尔多斯盆地马家沟组白云岩稀土元素地球化学特征进行研究。结果表明:泥微晶白云岩REE质量分数为(2.907～140.09)×10-6,平均为46.917×10-6,低于泥晶灰岩中的含量,δEu平均为0.634,δCe平均为0.942,配分模式与泥晶灰岩相似,显示该类白云岩形成于低温氧化环境,白云岩化流体为海水或海源流体,可能为准同生白云岩化;晶粒白云岩REE质量分数为(3.392～18.435)×10-6,平均为8.788×10-6,远小于海相泥晶灰岩,δEu平均为0.724,δCe平均为0.78,配分模式与泥晶灰岩相似,且与泥微晶白云岩趋于一致,说明其形成于相对高温还原环境,白云岩化流体为海源流体,可能为埋藏白云岩化;溶蚀残余白云岩REE含量高,配分模式与泥晶灰岩不同且不具Eu正异常,指示岩溶流体可能为大气淡水。  相似文献   

康家湾铅锌矿床方解石的稀土元素和碳-氧同位素地球化学特征     

张帮禄  彭建堂  阳杰华  黄金川 《矿物学报》2018,(1)

湖南康家湾铅锌矿床是水口山铅锌矿田的重要组成部分,是一个发现较晚、埋深较深的隐伏矿床。作者对该矿2种不同产状的方解石进行了稀土元素和碳-氧同位素研究。研究表明,该矿与黄铁矿、铅锌矿共生的团块状方解石的稀土元素含量较低(4.11×10~(-6)~38.09×10~(-6)),并表现出LREE富集型的配分模式。胶结方铅矿和闪锌矿的脉状方解石,其稀土元素含量更低(1.52×10~(-6)~5.57×10~(-6)),大体表现出MREE富集型的配分模式,轻稀土略微亏损。2类方解石野外产状不同,稀土元素含量差别明显,REE配分模式也不同,暗示其成矿流体性质不同,流体来源也可能不同。这2类方解石的C、O同位素组成亦存在明显差别,脉状方解石的δ~(13)C低于块状方解石,但其δ~(18)O明显大于后者。理论模拟结果表明,该矿方解石的形成是流体沸腾CO_2去气和温度降低造成的,此外大气降水的加入也起到一定的作用。团块状方解石成矿流体的可溶性碳以HCO-3为主,其δ~(13)C、δ~(18)O值分别为-4‰和5‰,是混入了45%左右大气降水的岩浆热液。脉状方解石的成矿流体是来源不同的岩浆热液且混入约10%的大气降水,其可溶性碳以H_2CO_3为主,δ~(13)C、δ~(18)O值分别为-6‰和5‰。  相似文献   

黔东铅锌矿床方解石稀土元素组成与矿床成因     

唐永永  张克学  田亚江  张嘉玮  黄智龙  吴涛 《矿物学报》2020,40(4):356-366

湘西—黔东是我国重要的铅锌成矿区,具有类似的成矿地质背景。但是,贵州境内铅锌矿化的规模远不如湘西,何种原因导致这种差异性成矿尚不清楚。本文开展黔东卜口场、嗅脑和克麻铅锌矿床成矿期热液方解石稀土元素(REE)研究,并与区带上(花垣、牛角塘)和国内典型超大型铅锌矿床(会泽、金顶)进行对比,为认识成矿物质来源提供制约。卜口场、嗅脑和克麻矿床方解石具有一致的REE_(SN)配分模式,其ΣREE含量低(1.6×10~(-6)～22.5×10~(-6)),轻、重稀土分异不明显,有弱负Ce异常(δCe_(SN)=0.62～0.81)和正Gd和Y异常(δGd_(SN)=0.78～1.23;δY_(SN)=0.99～1.78),指示成矿流体中的REE主要来源于赋矿围岩寒武系第二统清虚洞组碳酸盐岩。花垣和牛角塘矿床方解石ΣREE含量较高(平均为28×10~(-6)和24×10~(-6)),暗示富REE流体加入或者成矿流体与REE含量高的基底岩石发生过水岩反应。金顶和会泽矿床方解石ΣREE最高(平均为78×10~(-6)和73×10~(-6)),具有正Eu异常(δEu_(SN)平均值为1.11和1.55),指示成矿流体在地壳深部或基底经历过高温水岩作用。综合分析认为,黔东铅锌矿床成矿流体主要来自赋矿的碳酸盐岩地层,而花垣、牛角塘、会泽和金顶铅锌矿床的成矿流体具有多源性或与富REE的基底岩石发生过强烈水岩反应,这可能是超大型-大型铅锌矿床形成的重要诱因。  相似文献   

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometric determination of Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites     

S. Viswanathan  K. Surya Prakash Rao  B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627

Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours.  相似文献   

高压微波消解法测定醋酸纤维过滤器采集的微尘粒子中的砷镉钴铬铜铁锰镍铅钒锌     

奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306

最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提  相似文献   

Isotopic systematics of He,Ar, S,Cu, Ni,Re, Os,Pb, U,Sm, Nd,Rb, Sr,Lu, and Hf in the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits     

E. M. Prasolov  S. A. Sergeev  B. V. Belyatsky  E. S. Bogomolov  K. A. Gruzdov  I. N. Kapitonov  R. Sh. Krymsky  V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64

This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (³He/⁴He, ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar, ³⁴S/³²S, ⁶⁵Cu/⁶³Cu, ⁶²Ni/⁶⁰Ni, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, ^206–208Pb/²⁰⁴Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

硅酸盐中铁、锰、钛、钙、钾、磷、硅、铝、镁、钠、锶、铷、钡的X-射线荧光光谱定量测定   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

李国会  刘德慧  苏幼銮 《物探与化探》1986,10(1):60-65

本文介绍样品经四硼酸锂熔融制成玻璃小饼。采用Lachance模式和理论a系数来校正元素间的效应,由3080E型X-射线荧光谱仪和DF-350B数据处理系统完成硅酸盐中十三个项目的测定。  相似文献   

硅酸盐类样品中硅、铁、铝、钛、锰、钙、镁、钾、钠和磷的x射线荧光光谱测定     

肖德明  甘璇玑  卜正才 《铀矿地质》1986,(4)

本文拟定了一种以熔融法制备样片,用X射线荧光光谱测定硅酸盐类样品中Si、Fe、Al、Tj、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P等元素的分析方法。在对不同靶材X光管和分光晶体实验对比的基础上,选择了最佳的测量条件。该法具有快速、准确,测量范围广,检测限低,价格便宜等优点。经过近百个各种类型标样或管理样品的分析对比表明,本法不仅适用于硅酸盐类岩石样品的分析,还适用于铁矿、铝土矿、碳酸盐类岩矿样品以及水泥、耐火材料等样品的分析。  相似文献   

Viscous, cohesive, non-Newtonian, depositing, radial slurry flow     

Habib Alehossein   《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2009,93(1):11-19

Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance.  相似文献   

Marine geotechnics,H. G. Poulos,Unwin Hyman,London, Boston,Sydney, Wellington     

M. Budhu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1989,13(6):675-675

  相似文献   

Mountains,nations, parks,and conservation     

Daniel Taylor-Ide  Alton C. Byers III  J. Gabriel Campbell 《GeoJournal》1992,27(1):105-112

Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km² and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world.  相似文献   

Regional distribution of Al,B, Ba,Ca, K,La, Mg,Mn, Na,P, Rb,Si, Sr,Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region: influence of geology,seaspray and human activity     

《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km² area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population).  相似文献   

NEW SET OF LOW CONCENTRATION STANDARDS FOR LA, CE, SM, YB, LU, Y, SC, V, NB AND TA IN SILICATES     

Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE  Alberto PATINO-DOUCE  Mazhar QAYYUM  Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198

We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses.  相似文献