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1.
(一)天气概况常年五月,正值冬季环流型向夏季环流型转换的过渡季节,冷暖空气的频繁交汇使得天气变化比前期更为激烈而复杂,强对流天气增多。今年五月,这一特点尤为突出,在降水方面,本月阴雨日数多,陕北一般7—8天,关中、陕南一般12—15天,最多有17—18天。且多雷阵雨和冰雹天气,造成雨量分布不均匀。常年五月降水较少的陕北和 相似文献
2.
14时探空在改进北京地区对流天气潜势预报中的作用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了探讨增加14时探空对于对流天气短时临近潜势预报的作用。用1995—2005年北京地区22个人工观测站资料统计了夏季常见的对流天气日变化特征。结果表明，41．6％的雷阵雨、61．3％的冰雹以及58．5％的雷暴大风发生在15—-20时之间。利用探空资料计算并对比了出现在2006年7—9月14时探空释放后到20时期问11个雷暴个例的08时和14时BCAPE、DCAPE、CIN等对流参数。结果表明，对于多数个例，在判断对流是否发生时14时探空优于08时。因此，增加14时探空对于提高对流天气有无预报准确率有帮助。 相似文献
3.
前言 1988年3月14—15日无锡市出现了罕见的寒潮天气过程。在3月15日的24小时内,无锡市先后出现了雷阵雨、冰雹、冰粒、大雪等天气。不到48小时,气温差达27℃,似乎经历了“春夏秋冬”四季。这一天气过程的形势类似于江南初夏入梅形势,在3月份 相似文献
4.
南京地区7—8午后雷阵雨天气 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文主要分析南京地区７－８月发生午后雷阵雨天气,气候与其相关的革些参数的特征,以及大尺度的天气形势条件,用南京单站资料分析位热不稳定度和不稳定能量,从物理场判定南京是否处于产生雷阵雨的潜在不稳定区内,从相关资料中建立南京地区７￣８月午后雷阵雨天气的概率预报方程。e 相似文献
5.
《干旱气象》2016,(5)
针对晋西北地区2013年8月6—8日出现的一次雷阵雨天气过程,利用垂直高分辨率探空资料获取此次天气过程中大气重力波的周期、水平波长、垂直波长、波传播方向和群速等参数值,分析这些波参数值随时间的演变特征。结果表明:在此次雷阵雨生成和发展期(6—7日),由小尺度强对流天气系统引起的非地转平衡,激发出周期小、水平波长短且群速快的重力内波,其中,重力波周期、水平波长分别由1.05 h、23.36 km减小到0.22 h和5.67 km,而波群速由5.30 m·s-1增大到18.69 m·s-1,波传播方向由-93.51°转变为35.05°;当雷阵雨进入消亡期(8日),大气重新调整为准平衡状态,导致重力波周期及水平波长显著变大、且波群速明显变慢,其中,重力波周期和水平波长分别由0.22 h、5.67 km迅速增大到9.06 h和268.98 km,而波群速由18.69 m·s-1快速减小到2.60 m·s-1,波传播方向由35.05°转变为-140.10°;在整个天气过程中,重力波垂直波长变化不大。因此,是否存在周期小、水平波长短且群速快的重力波与雷阵雨的发生关系密切。 相似文献
6.
单站大──暴雨预报专家系统金瑜，尹学绵，景学义１前言哈尔滨市区单站暴雨，特别是伴有雷阵雨强度大的暴雨，是哈尔滨市区夏季的主要灾害性天气之一。它具有北方暴雨次数少、强度大、时间集中的特点。为了减少单站暴雨预报的盲目性，提高预报确率，我们把单站暴雨预报作... 相似文献
7.
安冬亮 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2007,1(5):29-31
应用1994—2003年NCEP逐日再分析资料,对石河子地区10a夏季出现的10次持续性高温天气过程进行了综合分析,总结了石河子地区高温天气的主要环流及相关物理量的特征,提出了石河子地区夏季高温天气的预报模型。 相似文献
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9.
温湿多雨洪涝成灾--2004年夏季(6-8月)山东天气评述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2004年6—8月山东省气温、降水、500hPa高度场和距平场资料，分析了2004年夏季的环流特征、山东天气气候特点和主要天气过程，并时夏季天气气候时农业和人民生活的影响作了简要评述。 相似文献
10.
桔枫 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1986,(3)
夏季天气现象较为复杂,观测内容相应地要多些.现将夏季地面测报工作中易出现的几个问题,提出来供参考. 一、夏季观测要特别注意作好准备工作班前思想准备:大、小夜班上班前要保证休息.要根据当日的天空状况判断可能出现的天气现象及其需要做的工作;接班员最好提前几分钟到值班室,听交班员介绍天气情况等.接班后,除认真翻阅值班日记和巡视观测场外,应随时注意天气演变,提前作好应急时的准备工作;例如:cb云继续发展,应考虑其量达5成时发“雷雨形势”的危险报;天气闷热、空气湿度增加,要估计到午后有雷阵雨的可能,应作好航危报、重要报、雨量报的 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献