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1.
利用FY-4卫星云顶亮温（Cloud Top Temperature,CTT）资料和雷达回波资料,分析了2019年6-9月大连地区的闪电活动特征,重点分析了该地区2019年9月4日的一次强对流天气闪电活动特征与雷达回波及CTT之间的相关性。结果表明：此次过程雷暴起始于大连东南方向。在雷暴初始阶段,以云闪为主,云闪高度主要集中在7-12 km。闪电活动主要集中在雷达回波强度>30 dBz的区域,对应的云顶高度超过了8 km。闪电活动与FY-4卫星CTT之间存在较好的相关性,闪电主要发生在CTT为240-250 K左右区域。对2019年5-8月大连地区雷达与闪电活动进行量化分析,发现闪电活动主要集中于雷达组合反射率39.38 dBz附近区域,对应的云顶高度为8.21 km。 相似文献
2.
T. W. Krauss A. A. Sin’kevich N. E. Veremei Yu. A. Dovgalyuk V. S. Makitov V. D. Stepanenko 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2011,36(3):167-174
Development of a long-living Cb cloud in the desert part of Saudi Arabia on April 10, 2008 is analyzed. Continuous satellite and radar observations of the cloud are carried out during five hours. Numerical modeling of the cloud is performed using a nonstationary 1.5-dimensional model. Data on the Cb cloud and its anvil development dynamics are obtained. It is shown that the anvil characteristics differ significantly in the zone of its formation directly over the cloud and when moving away from it. It is pointed out that the radar underestimates the anvil sizes. Estimation of precipitation rate from the cloud under study by means of satellite and radar measurements is compared against the results of numerical modeling. It is found that precipitation rate could reach 100 mm/h. The radar estimates of the precipitation rate are significantly overstated, which is, in this case, due to presence of large hail particles. 相似文献
3.
河北春季一次飞机人工增雪的综合分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2013年4月19日,河北省人工影响天气办公室在河北中南部地区根据云系特点首次采用多层次水平催化和垂直验证的方式对层状云进行人工催化和探测。本文利用机载仪器所取得的飞机探测资料,结合实时天气、卫星、雷达、探空和雨量观测资料,分析了河北春季层状云增雪作业的技术指标,探讨了航测微物理参量和卫星、雷达、探空等资料在作业中的应用。结果表明：云在发展期雷达回波由15 dBZ逐步上升到25-35 dBZ,卫星反演的云顶高度、云顶温度、有效粒子半径、光学厚度等都有增加;云在中后期有效粒子半径、光学厚度、液水路径迅速下降,雷达回波同时减弱。在高度3 177-5 723 m之间过冷云滴达100-700个/cm^3,含水量在0.01 g·m^-3左右,最大0.081 g·m^-3,云粒子主要在此增长,形成降水粒子,该区间适宜催化。作业后,影响区内云体发展,雷达回波增强,出现35 dBZ强回波,且强回波中心扩大;卫星反演的云顶高度、光学厚度等比对比区有明显增加。 相似文献
4.
对流云是我国南方地区主要的降水云系, 含有丰富的云水资源, 是南方人工增雨作业的主要对象。为了研究江淮地区对流云发生发展规律, 利用双多普勒雷达反演技术分析了发生在2004年7月31日的一块对流云不同发展阶段的垂直运动结构。对流云在发展阶段以上升气流为主, 底层辐合明显, 结构紧密; 成熟阶段的上升与下沉气流势力相当, 且比发展阶段强盛, 强回波位置下移, 结构较发展阶段松散; 减弱阶段上升和下沉速度均减小, 水平辐散增强。结果表明:反演的不同阶段对流云垂直运动结构合理, 可以利用双多普勒雷达反演技术进行对流云三维运动结构研究。 相似文献
5.
Considered is a case of the cumulonimbus cloud development in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia with a very high precipitation intensity. The height of the cloud top amounted to 14 km and the radar reflectivity, to 60 dBZ. Carried out is the comparison of remote methods of measuring the intensity of precipitation from the cloud under study: the radar (using the relationship between the reflectivity and precipitation intensity) and satellite IR-radiometric (based on the results of sounding with the SEVERI radiometer installed at the Meteosat-8 satellite) methods. A split-window technique was used for detecting the position of the cloud top from the radiometric observations. The analysis enabled to select the best relationships for estimating the precipitation intensity from the data of radar and satellite measurements. The computations based on these relationships correspond most closely to the ground-based measurements with the precipitation gage. 相似文献
6.
利用CINRAD WSR-98D探测夏季对流云特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
利用南昌CINRAD WSR-98D多普勒雷达,对2002-2003年夏季36个对流云天气过程连续观测基础上,选取有代表性观测个例及不同层次、不同时刻回波产品资料,分析夏季对流云结构特征。结果表明,对流云回波基本反射率面积值为11．18×109 m2;组合反射率面积值为19．85×109 m2;对流云回波顶高平均10．71 km,最大顶高15．11 km,回波顶高面积值为7．71×109m2。分析结果可为江西范围内的人工增雨作业提供科学依据。 相似文献
7.
基于CloudSat卫星资料分析东太平洋台风的云、降水和热力结构特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用2006～2010年的CloudSat热带气旋过境数据集资料,依据风速大小划分为不同演变阶段,对各阶段内东太平洋台风的云、降水和热力结构进行综合分析。结果表明:雷达反射率在5 km高度上下的分布截然相反,沿径向回波强度和顶高不断减小。各类云沿径向和垂直方向的分布差异较大,而深对流云的垂直尺度和发生概率始终较大。有效粒子半径、分布宽度参数和冰水含量随高度减小而粒子数浓度却增大,沿径向各冰云参数以及降雨率都不断减小。各阶段降雨率总体上夏季大于秋季,沿纬向各季节在不同阶段的分布各异。内核区降雨率近似服从指数分布且对暖的海面温度SST较为敏感,其与雷达反射率的散点分布集中在三个区域内。内核区5～10 km高度存在暖核结构,其下方恰好对应湿心区,而10 km以上相对湿度距平较大值区对应台风顶部的卷云罩。各阶段4.5 km以上为对流性稳定层结而该高度以下的层结特性各异,此外假相当位温沿径向不断减小。 相似文献
8.
一次强飑线云结构特征的卫星反演分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NOAA卫星AVHRR资料,对2006年4月28日山东一次春季强飑线过程进行了分析,重点研究了卫星资料多光谱综合分析的强对流云微物理特征和卫星识别的对流强信号,并与雷达、FY-2C卫星观测资料进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)RGB合成图能清晰地显示云顶的结构、纹理、云砧、组成、高度及云厚等信息,是一种很方便的分析工具。(2)多光谱综合分析归纳出卫星探测对流强信号:云顶的对流结构和纹理突出,有明显的云砧,云顶以小粒子为主,粒子有效半径Re随高度增长缓慢,云团上部存在明显的Re随高度递减带,云顶Re和-dRe/dT能定量指示对流的强弱。据此,卫星识别出强中心A比实际降雹提前了近1h,比飑线发生提前了2.5h,比多普勒雷达监测提前了近2h,特别是识别出的强中心B比实际降雹提前了近4h。卫星探测为强对流天气的监测预报和预警提供了一种新途径。 相似文献
9.
10.
利用葵花8号(Himawari-8)卫星资料、沈阳SC天气雷达数据、ERA5再分析资料及常规天气观测资料, 分析了2019年7月3日辽宁开原强龙卷的卫星云图、雷达回波演变及大气环流特征。结果表明: 此次开原强龙卷发生在东北冷涡底部, 低层850 hPa有明显的暖湿气流, 形成了“下湿上干”的垂直结构。3日17:00龙卷初生地0—6 km有22.8 m·s-1、0—1 km有7.6 m·s-1强垂直风切变。龙卷生成之前, 初生地西侧比东侧气温偏高, 存在2—5 ℃地面温度差。生成后, 移动路径东侧形成明显冷池, 最低温度19 ℃, 与西侧温差最大达11 ℃。龙卷生成时可见光云图上对流风暴的云砧水平尺度明显增大, 云顶升高、亮温降低。雷达回波演变特征表明, 龙卷对流风暴的发展经历了由多单体非强风暴发展到多单体强风暴再发展到超级单体风暴三个阶段, 龙卷在最强等级时有对流单体的合并。开原龙卷风暴在三个阶段都有中气旋, 17:11中气旋向下伸展到低层, 反射率因子出现指状回波。 相似文献
11.
A. A. Sinkevich T. W. Krauss S. D. Pavar N. E. Veremei Yu. A. Dovgalyuk A. B. Kurov V. Gopalakrishnan 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(9):577-589
Considered is a case of the development of the cumulonimbus cloud (Cb) in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia under the conditions of heavy pollution of atmosphere with natural aerosol. Using the ground-based radar and satellite radiometric instruments, the characteristics of the Cb are obtained for the cloud top height of more than 14 km and maximum reflectivity of 58 dBZ. To measure the precipitation rate using the radar data, the Z-I ratio obtained for the area under study was applied. To compute the precipitation rate, the results of the sounding with the SEVERI radiometer installed on the Meteosat-8 satellite were also used. Carried out are numerical experiments on the simulation of aerosol effects on the evolution of the cloud under study. The development of the cloud at the presence of background aerosol was simulated as well as at high aerosol concentration. Three cases are considered: aerosol is a passive admixture; aerosol has hygroscopic properties; aerosol has ice-forming properties. It is demonstrated that the most considerable effects on the cloud evolution are caused by the intensification of ice formation under the influence of aerosol; not only the time distribution of precipitation rate changes but also the amount of precipitation increases. 相似文献
12.
为研究GPM（Global Precipitation Measurement）资料对台风雨带降水结构的探测能力,利用GPM卫星资料、地基雷达资料和地面降水实况对2018 年第18号台风“温比亚”影响山东期间的降水结构进行分析。结果表明：台风螺旋雨带造成的降水远大于台风外围云系产生的降水;台风螺旋雨带的雨顶高度大于外围云系的雨顶高度,基本在7 km以上,最大雨顶高度达到15 km;台风螺旋雨带及其外围云系都以层云和对流云降水为主,其中螺旋雨带中对流云降水所占比例高于外围云系,对流云的平均降水率是层云的3倍左右,对流云降水对应近地面降水率和雨顶高度的大值区;台风螺旋雨带的降水柱与外围云系中的降水柱相比,具有数量多、密度大、高度高的特点,这与台风螺旋雨带中对流发展旺盛有关;2A DPR数据产品对降水估测具有较好的指示意义。研究结果为用GPM产品估测降水结构提供了参考依据。 相似文献
13.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、FY-4A静止卫星资料对“利奇马”生命过程的大气环流特征、云宏观特征进行了分析。针对“利奇马”超强台风期间的一次降水过程,利用GPM卫星的双频降水雷达(Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar,DPR)资料对其进行了宏微观特征分析。结果表明:在“利奇马”生命过程中,西太平洋副热带高压、40°N以北的高空槽脊、(35°N,80°E)的高压以及“罗莎”台风对“利奇马”的发展、移动均产生了重要的影响;其云系分布先后表现为螺旋状、逗点状、中心对称结构以及不规则形状,其南北两侧的云区范围、云顶高度也不断变化;在“利奇马”超强台风期间的一次降水过程中,近地表降水率大致呈环状分布,降水粒子浓度以及降水粒子半径的南北分布与东西分布相差较大,除了云墙降水为对流降水外,其他部分的降水以层云降水为主,层云降水对应的雨顶高度在4.5~12 km,主要集中在5.5~10 km;对流降水对应的雨顶高度在1~12 km,主要集中在2~5 km和6~11 km。 相似文献
14.
雷达反射率因子垂直廓线研究和多种遥感资料综合估计降水 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用同一Ｚ－Ｉ关系下地面降水与雷达回波强度的空间最佳匹配思想,提出了一种定量降水的新方法：考察Ｉ－Ｈ曲线,确定与地面的雨量计资料最相近的Ｉ值的所在高度,然后此用此高度上的Ｉ值反演降水。发现降水与很多因子有关,而云顶温度,反照率及云顶温度的时间梯度最为明显。研究表明用多因子方程估计降水效果较好。 相似文献
15.
Summary This paper is concerned with the simulation of deep convection for the CCOPE 19 July 1981 case study. Clark's three-dimensional (3D) cloud model modified to use the bulk water parameterization scheme of Lin et al. has been used in the simulation of the CCOPE 19 July 1981 case in coarse mesh, fine mesh, and interactive grid nested schemes, respectively. Comparisons with observations show this 3D grid nested cloud model is capable of both capturing both the dynamic and microphysical properties of the cloud.In the nested grid fine mesh model simulation, the timing and mode of cloud growth, the diameter of liquid cloud, the cloud top rate of rise, the maximum cloud water content, and the altitude of first radar echo are consistent with observations. The simulated thunderstorm begins to dissipate, after precipitation reaches the ground as indicated by the decreasing values of maximum updraft and maximum liquid cloud water content, and ends as a precipitating anvil as was observed in the actual thunderstorm. The model precipitation developed through ice phase processes consistent with the analysis of observations from the actual thunderstorm.Qualitative comparisons of the actual radar RHIs with simulated reflectively patterns from the 3D model show remarkable similarity, especially after the mature stage is reached. Features of the actual RHI patterns, such as the weak echo region, upshear anvil bulge, strong upwind reflectivity gradients, and the upwind outflow region near the surface are reproduced in the simulation. Comparison of the actual radar PPIs with horizontal cross sections of radar reflectivity simulated by the 3D model, however, show modest differences in the storm size with the 3D simulated thunderstorm being 1–2 km longer in the west-east direction than the actual thunderstorm. The model-predicted maximum updraft speed is smaller than the 2D model-predicted maximum updraft speed, but still greater than what was observed.Comparisons among the nested grid fine mesh model (MB), nested grid coarse mesh model (MA), fine mesh model (FM), coarse mesh model (CM), and 2D model results previously published show that the nested grid fine mesh model (MB) gives the best simulation result. The various 3D model simulation results are generally similar to each other except for the difference in the domain maximum values. The domain maximum values in the fine mesh models (MB and FM) are generally higher than the coarse mesh models as a result of averaging over a smaller area.With 7 Figures 相似文献
16.
利用雨滴谱和Ka波段毫米波云雷达等资料,针对2020年7月21日发生在那曲地区的一次对流云降水过程进行特征分析。结果表明:此次强对流云降水过程表现出明显的日变化特征,对流云在傍晚达到最强。强对流区内存在明显的上升气流和下沉气流,降水最强时雷达回波达到40 dBZ以上,降水过程中最大云顶高度为12 km,最小为720 m。那曲地区Gamma分布相对于M-P分布更适用于对流云小直径粒子（0~1 mm）的雨滴谱拟合,随着粒子直径增大,降水越来越不稳定。 相似文献
17.
A. A. Sin’kevich Yu. P. Mikhailovskii Yu. A. Dovgalyuk N. E. Veremei E. V. Bogdanov A. Kh. Adzhiev A. M. Malkarova A. M. Abshaev 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(9):610-619
The results of synchronous radar, radiometric, and lightning-detection measurements are analyzed to reveal interrelations between the parameters of electric discharges and the parameters of cumulonimbus clouds developing in the North Caucasus. The dependences of electric activity of the cloud on radar parameiers as well as on the parameiers reirieved from Meteosat SEVIRI radiometer measurements are considered. Electric discharges (intracloud discharges and lightnings) were registered for 1 hour 40 minutes (the maximum frequency was equal to 448 discharges per minute). The relation ships are identified that connect the parameters of electric discharges with the precipitation rate and with the field of cloud top temperaiure. It was found that the frequency of eleciric discharges increases as the precipitation rate increases. The maximum frequency is reached at the precipitation rate equal to 70 mm/hour. Normalized autocorrelation functions ofthe field ofcloud top temperature retrieved from the satellite data are constructed. The high correlation is revealed between the scale of inhomogeneity of the field of cloud top temperature and the frequency of electrical discharges. 相似文献
18.
Precipitation Structures of a Thermal Convective System Happened in the Central Western Subtropical Pacific Anticyclone 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this paper, characteristics of precipitating clouds in a thermal convective system (TCS) occurred in the southeastern mainland of China at 15:00 BT (Beijing time) on August 2, 2003 in the central western subtropical Pacific anticyclone (WSPA) is studied by using TRMM tropical rainfallmeasuring mission PR (precipitution radar) and IR Infrared radiation measurements. The precipitating cloud structures in both horizontal and vertical, relationship among storm top, cloud top, and surface rain rate are particularly analyzed. Results show that a strong ascending air at 500 hPa and a strong convergence of moisture flux at 850 hPa in the central WSPA supply necessary conditions both in dynamics and moisture for the happening of the TCS precipitation. The TRMM PR observation shows that the horizontal scale of the most TCS precipitating clouds is about 30-40 km, their averaged vertical scale is above 10 km, and the maximum reaches 17.5 km. The maximum rain rate near surface of those TCS clouds is beyond 50 mm h-1. The mean rain profile of the TCS clouds shows that its maximum rain rate at 5 km altitude is 1 km lower than the estimated freezing level of the environment. Compared with the mesoscale convective system (MCS) of "98.7.20", both systems have the same altitude of the maximum rain rate displayed from both mean rain profiles, but the TCS is much deeper than the MCS. From the altitude of the maximum rain rate to near surface, profiles show that rain rate reducing in the TCS is faster than that in the MCS, which implies a strong droplet evaporation process occurring in the TCS. Relationship among cloud top, storm top, and surface rain rate analysis indicates a large variation of cloud top when storm top is lower. On the contrary, the higher the storm top, the more consistent both cloud top and storm top. And, the larger the surface rain rate, the higher and more consistent for both cloud top and storm top. At the end, results expose that area fractions of non-precipitating clouds and clear sky are 86% and 2%, respectively. The area fraction of precipitating clouds is only about 1/8 that of non-precipitating clouds. 相似文献
19.
庆阳2次强对流天气过程的新一代雷达资料对比分析 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
通过新一代天气雷达观测,利用基本数据产品和物理量产品,分析了庆阳市2005年5月30日强冰雹过程和7月1～2日连续暴雨过程中雷达回波强度、速度、云顶高度、垂直积分液态含水量的特征,并将2次过程的雷达产品特征进行了对比分析。结果表明:冰雹和连续性暴雨回波反射率因子差异大,冰雹回波发展移动快,达50 km/h,中心强度超过50 dBZ;回波移动前沿梯度大,速度图上出现速度模糊,雷达探测出中气旋,云顶高度超过12 km;降雹前VIL出现跃增,中心超过20 kg/m2都有降雹。而连续暴雨强度只有25～35 dBZ,移速慢,零速度线分布有规律,能反映低空急流和冷暖气团移动规律,云顶高度低,仅为5～8 km,降水过程中VIL变化小。 相似文献
20.
雷达回波顶高（ET）产品在广西冰雹云识别中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用广西2009至2012年降雹样本资料和新一代天气雷达回波顶高（ET）产品,对广西冰雹云回波顶高变化特征进行统计分析,结果显示广西冰雹云的ET整体呈现明显的阶段性变化特征,降雹时间和ET值达到最大值时间基本一致。冰雹云量化识别指标分别为：2月份回波顶高≥8km且回波顶高与0℃层高度差36.1km;3-4月份回波顶高≥10km且回波顶高与0℃层高度差≥6.1km;5月份回波顶高≥13且回波顶高与0℃层高度差38.1km。降雹直径与冰雹云ET值和特征层高度差值成正相关关系,可作为估计降雹直径的一个重要参考依据。 相似文献