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1.
小秦岭文峪金矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
文峪金矿位于小秦岭矿田南部,其产出受脆-韧性剪切带控制,赋矿围岩为太华群变质杂岩.根据脉体穿切关系和矿物交代关系,可以将文峪金矿流体成矿过程分为早、中、晚三个阶段,其热液石英中发育CO2-H2O型、纯CO2型和H2O溶液型三种类型流体包裹体.平阶段石英中原生包裹体主要是CO2-H2O型和纯CO2型,其成分为CO2+H2O±N2±CH4,均一温度集中在290～330℃,盐度为1.02％～9.59％ NaCleqv;中阶段为主成矿阶段,该阶段石英中包含了所有3种类型的包裹体,其中以CO2-H2O型包裹体为主,获得CO2-H2O和水溶液包裹体均一温度集中在250～290℃,盐度为0.02％～12.81％NaCleqv;晚阶段石英仅发育水溶液型包裹体,具有较低的均一温度(114～239℃)和盐度(4.18％～8.95％ NaCleqv).根据CO2-H2O型包裹体计算早、中阶段压力分别为130 ～ 178MPa和85 ～ 150MPa,对应的成矿深度分别为4.7～6.5km和3.1～5.5km.总体而言,文峪金矿的初始流体具有中高温、富CO2、低盐度的变质流体特征,晚成矿阶段流体演化为低温、低盐度水溶液流体,流体的不混溶导致了主成矿期矿质的大量沉淀,文峪金矿为中浅成的造山型矿床. 相似文献
2.
造山型金矿是全球重要的金矿类型。造山型金矿包含三种类型:产于绿岩带的含金石英碳酸盐脉、产于浊积岩中的含金石英脉和产于条带状铁矿(BIF)中的含金石英脉。造山型金矿的形成受板块构造控制,处于压缩或者转换挤压的造山构造环境。造山型金矿中的绿岩带金矿主要受剪切带、转换断层控制,浊积岩型金矿受褶皱和层间走滑断层控制,而赋存于BIF中的金矿则受剪切带和断层所控制。在这些金矿床中发现了4类流体包裹体:H_2O-CO_2型、富CO_2型、气液包裹体和含Na Cl子矿物的包裹体。所有年代的造山型金矿成矿流体的成分均为低盐度的水溶液和富CO_2的流体,温度在200~400℃范围内。稳定同位素研究表明造山型金矿的成矿流体源自变质流体和岩浆流体。金在成矿流体中的络合物应为Au HS~-或Au H_2S。虽然成矿流体中有丰富的CO_2,但Au在CO_2流体中的溶解度很低,有丰富的CO_2时Au在H_2S中的溶解度增大。流体包裹体研究表明,Au的成矿流体是Na Cl-H_2O-CO_2体系的流体,并在成矿过程中发生了相分离,即Na Cl-H_2O-CO_2流体分成两个流体:H_2O-Na Cl和CO_2-H_2O,Au的沉淀是在这种相分离过程中发生的。 相似文献
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新疆萨日达拉金矿位于西天山东段、中天山地轴北缘,是近年来望峰金矿带新发现的金矿床,规模达到中型。萨日达拉金矿床的直接赋矿围岩是前寒武纪绢云石英千糜岩和早古生代花岗岩类,矿床的形成明显受到胜利达坂韧性剪切带的控制,广泛发育黄铁矿化、绢云母化、硅化、钠长石化和碳酸盐化等蚀变。根据脉体穿切关系和矿物交代关系,可以将萨日达拉金矿分为早、中、晚三个成矿阶段。在萨日达拉金矿的石英中发育了CO2-H2O(C型)、纯CO2型(PC型)、H2O溶液型(W型)和含子矿物型(S型)四种类型流体包裹体。早期石英中原生的包裹体仅含有C型,均一温度为301.0～491.4℃;中阶段为主成矿阶段,该阶段石英中包含了所有四种类型的包裹体,其中C型包裹体占了大多数,成分为CO2+H2O±N2,盐度为0.43%～10.91%NaCleqv.,均一温度为255.8～475.0℃,由此计算主成矿阶段压力为115.1～307.5MPa,成矿深度为11km;晚阶段石英仅发育W型包裹体,盐度为1.32%～15.58%NaCleqv.,均一温度则为146.2～254.6℃。总体而言,萨日达拉金矿的初始流体具有中高温、富CO2、低盐度的变质流体特征,晚成矿阶段流体演化为低温、低盐度水溶液流体,流体的不混溶或减压沸腾作用导致了主成矿期的矿质的大量沉淀,萨日达拉金矿为中深成造山型矿床。 相似文献
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四川丹巴燕子沟金矿床成矿流体不混溶的流体包裹体证据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
四川丹巴燕子沟金矿床是产于泥盆系碳质板岩、千枚岩中的石英脉型金矿床,矿体形态呈脉状、似层状,明显受断裂构造和顺层韧性剪切带或层间破碎带控制。成矿过程可分为沉积期、热液期和表生期3个成矿期,其中热液成矿期为主要成矿期。该期石英脉中的流体包裹体分为H2O包裹体、CO2包裹体和CO2-H2O包裹体3大类,并以富含CO2-H2O包裹体为显著特征。加热时富H2O相CO2-H2O包裹体完全均一成H2O相,富CO2相CO2-H2O包裹体完全均一成CO2相,而且二者的完全均一温度和压力一致,说明它们是同期捕获的CO2-低盐水不混溶流体包裹体组合。当含CO2流体发生不混溶时,CO2的溶离使成矿流体中pH值升高、f(O2)降低,从而导致Au溶解度降低,这是形成本矿床的主要原因。成矿温度为393℃,成矿压力为148.5~179.0MPa,矿床属于高温高压的变质热液金矿床。 相似文献
5.
河南祁雨沟金矿流体包裹体及矿床成因类型研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
河南祁雨沟金矿位于华北克拉通南缘的熊耳地体．产于燕山期火山隐爆角砾岩筒内。流体包裹体研究表明．祁雨沟金矿不同成矿阶段的石英中的流体包裹体有3种类型：水溶液包裹体、含子矿物包裹体和含CO2包裹体。成矿早期流体为高温（〉350℃）、高盐度（〉30wt％NaCl．eqv）、高氧逸度、富CO2的岩浆流体,经流体减压沸腾、挥发分逸失、氧逸度降低、温度降低演化为导致大量金属硫化物及金沉淀的还原性流体．再经大气降水的混入和降温等过程．演化为晚阶段低温、低盐度的大气降水热液。祁雨沟金矿的地质和成矿流体特征指示其应为爆破角砾岩型．而非浅成低温热液型． 相似文献
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大兴安岭北部砂宝斯金矿床成矿流体特征及矿床成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对不同阶段流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包襄体激光拉曼光谱等的分析,研究其成矿流体性质和演化,并探讨矿床成因类型,结果表明:流体包裹体主要为气液两相包裹体,另有少量含CO2 三相和纯CO2 包裹体.包裹体气相成分主要为N2,CH4,CO2和H2O.主成矿期流体包裹体的均一温度介于156℃～365℃(平均267℃),流体盐度介于5.4%～6.3%(平均5.9%),流体密度为0.82 g/cm3～0.87 g/cm3(平均0.86 g/cm3);成矿晚期辉锑矿阶段流体包襄体的均一温度介于164℃～224℃(平均182℃),流体盐度介于7.2%～8.3%(平均7.7%),流体密度为0.93 g/cm3～0.96 g/cm3(平均0.95g/cm3);成矿后期石英大脉阶段漉体包裹体的均一温度介于129℃～253℃(平均184℃),流体盐度介于5.4%～11.2%(平均7.6%),流体密度为0.88 g/cm3～0.98 g/cm3(平均0.95 g/cm3).从主成矿期、成矿晚期到成矿后期,流体包裹体均一温度降低、盐度增加、密度增大,表明随着流体的演化,变质流体逐渐减少,而地层建造水增加.主成矿期流体压力介于62 MPa～73 MPa(平均65 MPa),对应的成矿深度为6.3 km～6.9 km(平均6.5 km).砂宝斯金矿床的地质-地球化学特征与世界造山型金矿类似,应属造山型,其形成于蒙古-中朝板块与西伯利亚板块之间的陆-陆碰撞造山环境. 相似文献
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大兴安岭北部小伊诺盖沟金矿床流体包裹体特征及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小伊诺盖沟金矿床位于大兴安岭北部额尔古纳地块,其地质、地球化学特征与产于大兴安岭中生代火山岩地区的浅成低温热液型金矿床具有明显区别。本文通过矿床流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温学和包裹体激光拉曼光谱分析研究成矿流体性质,探讨矿床成因类型。研究结果表明,流体包裹体有气液两相、含CO2三相和纯CO2包裹体3种类型。气相成分以CO2为主,其次是H2O,总体属NaCl-H2O-CO2体系;流体包裹体的盐度低,介于2.1%~8.5% NaCl eqv之间;包裹体均一温度介于169~493℃之间,平均为295℃,属中温热液矿床。其成矿压力为38~172MPa,平均93MPa,对应的成矿深度为4~11km,平均8km。小伊诺盖沟金矿床的地质-地球化学特征与世界造山型金矿类似,应属造山型金矿,其形成于蒙古-中朝板块与西伯利亚板块之间的陆-陆碰撞造山环境。 相似文献
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藏南邦布大型造山型金矿成矿流体地球化学和成矿机制 总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7
邦布金矿位于青藏高原雅鲁藏布江结合带东段的南侧,矿体受大型脆-韧性剪切带的次级断裂控制,是目前西藏境内已发现的为数不多的大型原生金矿之一。系统的显微测温和激光拉曼测定显示邦布金矿矿石中存在三类流体包裹体:(Ⅰ)纯液相水溶液包裹体;(Ⅱ)含CO2盐水溶液包裹体,此类包裹体又分为两相(Ⅱa)和三相(Ⅱb)两个小类;(Ⅲ)纯气相碳氢化合物包裹体。邦布金矿床中流体包裹体显微测温结果如下:含CO2盐水溶液包裹体的盐度范围为2.20%NaCleqv～9.45%NaCleqv,峰值在6.0%NaCleqv～7.0%NaCleqv,平均值为6.25%NaCleqv;均一温度的范围在166.7～335.8℃,峰值在210～250℃,平均值为235.4℃。相对应的密度范围在0.63～0.96g.cm-3,峰值为0.85～0.95g.cm-3,平均值为0.87g.cm-3。以含CO2盐水溶液包裹体为代表的邦布金矿床成矿流体具有富含CO2、低盐度、低密度、中低温度的特征,与造山型金矿成矿流体相似。同位素测定显示成矿流体的氢氧同位素组成分别为δDH2O=-44.4‰～-105.3‰,δ18OH2O=4.7‰～9.0‰,说明成矿流体主要为变质水,但有地幔流体的加入。综合成矿地质特征和成矿流体的证据,提出邦布金矿为喜马拉雅期陆陆碰撞造山型金矿。 相似文献
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西秦岭铧厂沟金矿床流体包裹体特征研究及矿床成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
铧厂沟金矿位于西秦岭勉略缝合带南侧,其产出受韧脆性剪切带控制,赋矿围岩为泥盆系细碧岩、凝灰质绢云千枚岩和灰岩。根据脉体穿切关系和矿物交代关系,可以将铧厂沟金矿分为早、中、晚3个成矿阶段。在铧厂沟金矿的石英中发育了CO2-H2O型、纯CO2型、H2O溶液型和含子矿物型四种类型流体包裹体。早期石英中原生包裹体主要是CO2-H2O型和纯CO2型,其成分为CO2+H2O±N2±CH4±H2S,均一温度集中在320~360℃,盐度为0.43%~5.14% NaCleqv;中阶段为主成矿阶段,该阶段石英中包含了所有四种类型的包裹体,其中H2O溶液型包裹体占了大多数,CO2-H2O和水溶液包裹体均一温度集中在240~320℃,盐度为0.43%~11.19% NaCleqv;晚阶段石英仅发育水溶液型包裹体,具有较低的均一温度(118~228℃)和盐度(0.18%~6.59% NaCleqv)。根据CO2-H2O型包裹体计算主成矿阶段压力为70~195MPa,成矿深度为5~7km。总体而言,铧厂沟金矿的初始流体具有中高温、富CO2、低盐度的变质流体特征,晚成矿阶段流体演化为低温、低盐度水溶液流体,流体的不混溶导致了主成矿期的矿质的大量沉淀,铧厂金矿为中浅成的造山型矿床。 相似文献
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新疆萨热阔布金矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
新疆萨热阔布金矿床位于阿尔泰造山带南缘克兰火山-沉积盆地内,矿体呈脉状产于康布铁堡组上亚组地层中(D1k2)。不同成矿阶段石英脉中广泛发育流体包裹体,可划分为H2O-CO2包裹体(C型)、纯CO2包裹体(PC型)、水溶液包裹体(W型)及含子矿物多相包裹体(S型)四类。测温结果显示,成矿早阶段主要发育C型和PC型包裹体,均一温度范围为271～446℃,流体盐度介于5.9%～8.4%NaCleqv之间;中阶段主要发育C、PC、W和S型包裹体,均一温度低于早阶段,为236～374℃,流体盐度介于4.8%～15.0%NaCleqv之间;晚阶段主要发育W型包裹体,均一温度范围为139～264℃,流体盐度介于1.1%～6.9%NaCleqv之间。对成矿压力和深度的估算表明,成矿压力为90～330MPa,成矿深度为9～12km。综上所述,萨热阔布金矿成矿流体具有富CO2、中低盐度的变质流体特征,流体沸腾导致了成矿物质的沉淀。结合矿床地质特征,萨热阔布金矿床属于造山型金矿床。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
20.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献