共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 500 毫秒
1.
通过形态结构观察结合rbcL和COI基因序列分析的方法,发现分布于海南省博鳌的台湾蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia taiwanensis S.M.Lin et H.Y.Liang)为海南新纪录种。结果表明:藻体直立,红色或紫红色,质地柔软黏滑,高6—18cm,宽2—3cm,叶片呈披针形,边缘长出的小育枝亦呈披针形,长5—25mm,宽1—5mm,固着器呈圆盘状;皮层由8—11层细胞构成,髓部非中空,髓丝纵走或相互交错;雌雄异体,精子囊由外皮层细胞形成,球形。果胞枝生殖枝丛主枝由6个细胞构成,辅助细胞生殖枝丛主枝由5个细胞构成(6cpb-5auxb型),均为典型的Grateloupia型。囊果散布于除固着器外的整个雌配子体的表面;四分孢子囊由四分孢子体的内皮层细胞产生,呈十字形分裂。rbcL基因序列分析结果显示4个采自海南的样本与产自台湾南部的台湾蜈蚣藻之间无碱基序列差异;COI基因序列分析结果显示4个样本间无碱基差异,在蜈蚣藻属这一大的进化支中聚集成独立的小分支,区别于其他种。 相似文献
2.
江蓠(Gracilaria verrucosa)生活史中有三个世代,即孢子体、配子体和果孢子体(囊果)。其中:孢子体和配子体均为单生、同形的多分枝藻体,果孢子体则附生在雌配子体上。在生殖期间,江蓠的孢子体,除基部老枝和初生的新枝不形成四分孢子囊外,藻体的各部分分枝,均可形成四分孢子囊,放散出四分孢子。雌配子体也是除基部老枝和初生新枝外,藻体的各部分分枝均可附生果孢子体(囊果)。果孢子体成熟放散出果孢子。关于江蓠四分孢子和果孢子放散方式和放散过程的研究,国内外只有零星记载。曾呈奎等1959年,在进行与江蓠幼苗培育试验时,仅记载着:“经过干燥刺激15分钟的藻体放回海水中,发现20～30分钟后,孢子就大量放出,但四分孢子囊是孢子成团冲破表皮脱离母体, 相似文献
3.
为研究单条胶黏藻(Dumontia simplex Cotton)的孢子发育类型和生活史,探明其孢子发育的最适环境因子,在实验室条件下,通过培养观察,研究不同温度、光照强度和盐度对其孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)早期发育的影响。结果表明:(1)孢子发育过程中无丝状体出现,孢子的发育类型为直接盘状体型。(2)温度、光照强度和盐度对其孢子的早期发育均有影响,温度6—30°C范围内,果孢子发育的最适温度为9°C,四分孢子为9—12°C;光强80—400μmol/(m2·s)范围内,果孢子发育的最适光强为160μmol/(m2·s),四分孢子为160—200μmol/(m2·s);盐度15—50范围内,孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)发育的最适盐度为30。(3)单条胶黏藻生活史由单倍的雌、雄配子体和二倍的果孢子体及四分孢子体构成,配子体和四分孢子体外形一致,交替出现,属于典型的同型世代交替。 相似文献
4.
5.
我们在对我国西沙群岛海藻的研究过程中,发现有两号标本,根据其形态构造,其地位应属于真红藻纲红皮藻目节荚藻科的腹枝藻属(Gastroclonium)或腔炼藻属(Coeloseira)。腹枝藻属是 Ktzing 在1843年建立的。本属的主要特征为藻体具一中实的主干,上生中空并有横隔膜的小枝,小枝由一些缢缩成节的节片组成;囊果中心有一大的融合胞,胞周围附有大的果孢子;四分孢子体具四分孢子囊,有时有多孢子囊。1940年,Hollenberg 相似文献
6.
《热带海洋学报》2016,(2)
2014年3—4月间,在西沙群岛鸭公岛海藻资源调查中采集到一种石花菜类海藻,经鉴定为匍匐石花菜扁平变种Gelidium pusillum var.pacificum Taylor。其主要特征为:1.藻体紫红色,丛生;2.藻体高约1~2cm,由匍匐茎和直立枝构成,直立枝基部圆柱形或扁压,上部扁平,具有不规则或羽状分枝,匍匐茎近圆柱形,其下生有不规则或尖锥状固着器;3.皮层细胞2~3层,根丝细胞数量较多,集中分布在髓层;4.四分孢子囊生于小枝顶端,形成囊群,四分孢子囊横切面观长卵圆形,埋于皮层细胞中,十字形分裂;5.枝顶端轴细胞形态为穹形,突出于皮层外。上述特征1~3可将匍匐石花菜扁平变种区别于我国产的匍匐石花菜其他变种,特征5可将该变种区别于个体较小的蓝色拟鸡毛菜,特征4不能有效地区分近缘种。综合如上特征,利用营养生长特征鉴定我国分布的个体较小的石花菜和拟鸡毛菜类群是一种可行的方法。该变种为我国三沙市西沙群岛首次记录,丰富了南海诸岛海藻区系的植物地理成分,也为进一步分析该区系的植物地理全貌提供了技术资料。 相似文献
7.
在实验室条件下,以细弱蜈蚣藻(Grateloupia tenuis Wang et Luan)为材料,进行了不同温度和光照强度等主要环境因子对其发育影响的研究,同时对其生活史进行了详细观察。结果表明:(1)在4—30°C范围内,盘状体形成与直立枝生长的最适温度为24°C;(2)在光照强度10—200μmol范围内,盘状体形成和直立枝生长的最适光照强度为120μmol/(m2s);(3)孢子(果孢子和四分孢子)发育类型为间接盘状体类型;(4)生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,双倍体的果孢子体(囊果)及四分孢子体构成,四分孢子体和配子体在形态上完全相同,属于典型的同型世代交替;与属模蜈蚣藻(G.filicina)一致。 相似文献
8.
9.
以本实验室保存的萱藻(Scytosiphon lomentaria)丝状体为材料,用包埋脱水法超低温保存萱藻丝状体,研究了蔗糖预培养浓度和时间、胶球含水量、化冻温度以及胶球恢复时间对萱藻丝状体存活率和冻存后生长发育能力的影响。结果显示:(1)萱藻丝状体胶球在0.4mol/L的蔗糖溶液中预培养6h能获得最高的存活率;(2)萱藻丝状体胶球的最佳含水量较低,为15%左右,当含水量高于27%时,冻存后的存活率为0;(3)40°C为最适的化冻温度;(4)化冻后,将萱藻丝状体胶球在黑暗条件下恢复18h能显著提高存活率;(5)在最佳条件下,萱藻丝状体经冻存后的存活率最高可达54.79%,恢复后的丝状体与冻存前丝状体并无区别,且经诱导后能够产生正常的孢子囊,放散的孢子可以发育成叶状体。 相似文献
10.
冈村石叶藻（Lithophyllum okamurae）是一种重要的壳状珊瑚藻，在海洋生态系统中具有提供初级生产力、产生碳酸盐沉积物以及为海洋生物提供栖息环境等功能。本文于三亚的热带海岸采集L. okamurae，首次基于形态解剖学特征和分子生物学方法对其进行了详细的描述。研究表明，L. okamurae的藻体为二组织性的拟薄壁组织结构，被分成三部分，包括：由1-3层呈扁平状正方形或长方形表皮细胞组成的表层，由一层正方形或长方形细胞组成的基层，以及由多层正方形或狭长形细胞组成的围层。在围层中可观察到栅状细胞，相邻藻丝细胞间通过次生纹孔相连，未见细胞融合。本文观察到L. okamurae的四种单孔生殖窠，即果孢子囊生殖窠、精子囊生殖窠、二分孢子囊生殖窠以及四分孢子囊生殖窠。其中，精子囊生殖窠通常浅埋于藻体中并微凸于藻体表面，果孢子囊生殖窠和无性生殖窠呈突出的圆锥形。基于18S rDNA、COI、rbcL和psbA基因序列的系统发育研究表明，L. okamurae和L. atlanticum在同一个进化枝上，亲缘关系最近。本文基于形态解剖学特征和分子生物学数据详细地对L. okamurae进行了描述，为海洋生态系统中藻类资源的利用和保护工作提供理论基础。 相似文献
11.
2015年5月至2016年7月在辽宁省大连市黑石礁海域发现红皮藻科入侵种具孔斯帕林藻Sparlingia pertusa(Postels et Ruprecht)G.W.Saunders,I.M.Strachan et G.T.Kraft,对其进行了详细的形态结构观察和分子系统分析。结果表明:(1)藻体直立;成熟藻体高0.2—0.8m;呈红色或暗红褐色;藻体表面分布着密集的孔洞;皮层由2—3层圆形细胞组成;髓部由3—5层椭圆形薄壁细胞组成。(2)rbc L基因序列分析结果显示本研究的6个具孔斯帕林藻样本之间无碱基差异,与产自日本的样本无碱基差异,与美国和加拿大产的样本之间的碱基序列差异为1bp(0.98%);COI基因序列分析结果显示本研究的6个具孔斯帕林藻样本之间无碱基差异,与产自加拿大的样本之间无碱基差异。具孔斯帕林藻在我国海域首次发现为中国新纪录种,同时发现斯帕林藻属Sparlingia G.W.Saunders,I.W.Strachan et G.T.Kraft为中国新纪录属,认为海洋经济物种太平洋牡蛎和虾夷扇贝的引进、船舶压舱水以及海水的流动等是该种入侵的主要原因。 相似文献
12.
对我国沿海地区10个菲律宾蛤仔野生群体线粒体16S r RNA和COI基因部分序列进行测序,分别得到了长度为473bp和632bp的片段。结果表明,16S r RNA 193条序列A+T平均含量为66.6%,共检测到21个变异位点,193个个体具有22种单倍型;COI基因183条序列A+T平均含量为64.8%,共检测到126个变异位点,183个个体具有67种单倍型。基于群体间遗传距离利用Mega5.1软件构建10个群体的NJ树,聚类结果表明,大连群体和荣成群体聚为一支,其余8个群体聚为一支。AMOVA分析表明,大连群体和荣成群体间分化不显著,而荣成、大连群体与其余8个群体间的分化达到极显著水平(P0.01),说明我国沿海的菲律宾蛤仔野生群体存在一定的遗传分化。 相似文献
13.
基于线粒体COI 基因的毛蚶群体遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用PCR技术,扩增了大连、乳山、烟台、舟山4个毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)地理群体共38个个体的线粒体COI基因部分序列,并分析了4个毛蚶群体的遗传多样性和系统发育关系。研究结果显示:38个毛蚶COI部分序列经处理得到长度均为625bp的基因片段,共分为30种单倍型;基于COI部分序列的分析结果,毛蚶4个地理群体总的变异位点为301个,多样性指数Pi为0.15048,平均核苷酸差异数为92.242,单倍型多样性指数S为241。聚类分析显示毛蚶大连群体、乳山群体和烟台群体具有高度的遗传多样性,3个群体交叉聚在一起,没有明显的群体分化;舟山群体单独聚为一支,与其他3个群体分化明显。研究表明,线粒体COI基因不能单独做为毛蚶大连、乳山和烟台群体的遗传标记,但可以作为毛蚶舟山群体的有效群体遗传标记,为线粒体COI基因在群体遗传学的应用提供了基础资料。 相似文献
14.
Codium, one of the largest marine green algal genera, is difficult to delimit species boundary accurately based on morphological identification only. DNA barcoding is a powerful tool for discriminating species of seaweeds. The plastid elongation factor TU(tuf A) is considered as maker to perform DNA barcoding of green algal species than rbc L gene due to universality and rapid evolution rate. We conducted DNA barcoding application to Codium specimens from the Jeju Island, Korea to overcome the limit of morphological identification and to confirm the species diversity. As a result of applying tuf A marker, we newly generated fifty-five tuf A barcodes to resolve eight species. Tuf A marker exhibited 6.1%–21.8% interspecific divergences, wider than the gap of rbc L exon 1,3.5%–11.5%. Molecular analysis of rbc L exon 1 sequences of Codium revealed eight distinct species like tuf A analysis separated in five phylogenetic groups. DNA barcoding of the genus Codium using tuf A marker is more helpful to overcome the limit of morphological identification, and this is more potential to reveal cryptic species and to resolve the relationships among subspecies than rbc L analysis alone. The complement of tuf A barcoding and rbc L analyses including morphology for the genus Codium in the northwestern Pacific will give much more reliable achievement for discovering species diversity and resolving the phylogenetic relationships. 相似文献
15.
CHI Shan QIAN Hao LI Tianyong WANG Xumin LIU Cui REN Lei TANG Xuexi LIU Tao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(9):139-151
In the past two decades, many studies have focused on the classification within genus Laminaria, ultimately trying to divide it into two subgroups or genera: Laminaria and Saccharina. A significant debate still surrounds the question of its division, as the conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses that have resulted from the classification studies are based on different taxon sampling, molecular markers, or analysis methods. It is aimed at elucidate the molecular phylogeny within Laminaria and Saccharina. The nine species of Laminariales are sampled from northern Asia and Europe, and 23 new sequences in the nuclear, plastid, and mitochondrial genomes are determined to identify their taxonomic status. The phylogenetic analyses of 71 species are performed, including representatives from six of the seven families of the order Laminariales, based on three separate data sets. An evidence is provided to strongly support a clear split that maintains the two recognized genera, Laminaria and Saccharina, with Laminaria appearing to be the ancestor group. Further, analyses indicate that all taxa in Saccharina and Laminaria did not form a monophyletic lineage, instead Laminariaceae and Lessoniaceae grouped together interlacedly, and Costariaceae appeared as the sister taxon of the Lessoniaceae–Laminariaceae clade. In the phylogenetic analysis, mitochondrial c oxidase I(COI) sequences appeared to be the most credible molecular marker which was more befitting than nuclear encoded internal transcribed spacer(ITS) and plastid encoded rbcL for establishment of Laminariales systematics. It is the most comprehensive phylogeny of the order Laminariales, and contributes to an enhanced understanding and estimation of the phylogenetic relationships for the economically important seaweeds, Laminaria and Saccharina. 相似文献
16.
近来的研究表明，一些所谓的环球或环极地分布的广布种实际上包含着一些局限性分布的隐存种，物种多样性可能被低估。本文采用形态学和DNA条形码技术相结合的方式，对印度洋和西北太平洋海域的龟螺属(Cavolinia)和小龟螺属(Diacavolinia)的种类进行了分类学研究和物种鉴定。结果表明，线粒体16S rRNA基因数据不支持小龟螺属形态种的划分，分布于西北太平洋的D. grayi、D. vanutrechti、D. pacifica、D. elegans、D. angulosa等多个形态种可能属同一个种，即长吻小龟螺(D. longirostris)。COI基因数据也不支持钩龟螺(C. uncinata)亚种和变形的划分。许多形态特征不能作为种或种下分类单元的区分依据。钩龟螺、球龟螺(C. globulosa)和长吻小龟螺在COI系统树中均形成2个地理支系，其内部可能存在隐存种。西北太平洋海域长吻小龟螺的核基因组中存在线粒体假基因，对DNA条形码分析产生严重干扰。 相似文献
17.
Molecular identification of ascaridoid nematodes from the deep-sea onion-eye grenadier (Macrourus berglax) from the East Greenland Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Esra Kellermanns Sven Klimpel Harry Wilhelm Palm 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2007,54(12):2194-2202
Macrourus berglax from the East Greenland Sea was studied for the presence of ascaridoid nematodes in 2001, 2002 and 2003. The fishes were collected between 278 and 413 m water depth using a benthopelagic net. Based on the amplification of the internal transcribed spacer ITS-1, 5.8S, ITS-2 and flanking sequences (=ITS+), three ascaridoid nematode species were identified. The prevalence of infestation during the 3 years ranged from 42.9% to 62.9% and 22.9% to 40.0% for the anisakids Anisakis simplex (s.s.) and Pseudoterranova decipiens (s.s.), respectively, and from 28.6% to 60.0% for the raphidascarid Hysterothylacium aduncum. A total of 18 specimens, two of each species and examination year, revealed no sibling species, suggesting a limited distribution of other ascaridoid siblings into the deep sea. The ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 sequences of A. simplex (s.s.) from the East Greenland Sea did not differ from previously published sequence data (GenBank) from other regions in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The sequences of P. decipiens (s.s.) corresponded most closely to those of specimens from Richardson Bay, western Pacific, and differed in four positions (0.5%). They corresponded least to those of specimens from Japan (1.5%). The sequence data for H. aduncum differed in two positions in the ITS-1 (0.2%) and three positions in the ITS-2 (0.3%) from sequences from Japan. A high genetic similarity between the regions can be explained by (a) extensive final host migration in the case of A. simplex (s.s.), (b) an overlapping distribution of final host populations along the continental shelves for P. decipiens (s.s.) and (c) a low host specificity and large population size in the intermediate and final hosts for H. aduncum. The occurrence of the identified species in the macrourid fish underlines the potential of cosmopolitan ascaridoid nematodes to distribute not only horizontally but also vertically in the deep sea. 相似文献
18.
采用通用引物对辽宁盘锦、辽宁大连、山东日照的3个地理群体黑龙江河蓝蛤(Potamocorbula amurensis)COI和16S r RNA序列进行扩增、测序分析,得到30条658bp的COI基因部分序列和27条450 bp的16S r RNA基因部分序列。其中COI和16S r RNA基因部分序列T、C、A、G和A+T的平均含量分别为45.4%和32.0%、13.5%和13.3%、20.7%和29.3%、20.4%和25.3%、66.1%和61.3%,AT含量高于GC含量,这与其他软体动物门动物的COI和16S r RNA的观测结果相近。COI和16S r RNA分别检测到了24个单倍型、43个核苷酸多态位点和9个单倍型、19个核苷酸多态性位点。AMOVA分析表明,3个群体间COI和16S r RNA部分基因总遗传分化系数分别为Fst=0.0090(P0.001)和Fst=0.0674(P0.001),群体内遗传分化远大于群体间、群体内存在较高的遗传分化。用NJ法构建分子进化树,3个地理群体的黑龙江河蓝蛤聚为一个族群,有少数个体和其他群体的个体聚在一起。 相似文献
19.
Copper and iron concentrations in three brown algae, Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Laminaria digitata (and additionally Mn in L. digitata) from the Irish west coast were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Metal concentrations in the three species were indicative of prevailing bioavailable metal concentrations in situ but varied greatly between functional tissue parts, between sites and over time. Cu concentrations in actively growing tips of A. nodosum decreased over a 4-month period during autumn/winter, while Fe concentrations increased. Both Fe and Cu concentrations in different thallus sections of A. nodosum and F. vesiculosus increased with increasing age of thallus part in a clean site, but there was no consistent trend for F. vesiculosus from an industrialized site. Within sites, concentrations of all Cu and Fe were similar in both fucoids, but concentrations at the industrialized site were about twice as high as at the pristine site. In L. digitata, all three metals were highest in holdfasts, but had distinctly different distribution patterns in stipes and blade sections, which were most likely related to growth pattern and tissue function. Fe was lowest in meristematic and young blade regions, suggesting small-scale Fe limitation in actively growing tissue. Mn concentrations were higher in distal blade sections than in stipes, and Cu concentrations were highest in meristematic and young thallus parts. 相似文献