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巢湖地区早三叠世碳氧同位素地层对比及其古生态环境意义 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
二叠纪-三叠纪之交的环境恶化事件不但导致了生物大绝灭，而且造成了自然界正常的碳循环崩溃。为了研究三叠纪早期生物复苏过程中的环境特征、碳氧同位素演化上的地层学意义，对巢湖平顶山西坡剖面下三叠统碳酸盐岩取样分析。研究结果表明，巢湖平顶山西坡剖面早三叠世碳氧同位素地层曲线与已知的平顶山北坡剖面碳氧同位素地层曲线相似。δ^13C值在Indian阶、Olenekian阶底部首先表现为大幅度负漂，随后呈上升趋势。δ^18O值除了表现出l Ma的周期性波动之外，与δ^13C低值区对应处也具负偏趋势。δ^13C、δ^18O值的演化趋势反映了早三叠世海洋环境恶化、生物复苏十分缓慢。 相似文献
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下三叠统殷坑阶和巢湖阶及其界线研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
系统介绍层型剖面殷坑阶和巢湖阶的定义和地层特征，并重点讨论了两阶之间的界线，即巢湖阶的底界。巢湖阶的底界层型位于近期提出的全球印度阶一奥伦尼克阶界线层型候选剖面——安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面上，界线定义为以牙形石Neospathodus waageni的首现点作为第一标志，菊石Flemingites-Euftemingites带底界作为参考标志。在巢湖剖面上，该界线位于三叠纪第2个正向磁极性带上部、三叠纪碳同位素曲线第1次正向漂移峰值附近；在岩石地层系统中，它位于殷坑组中上部位。简要概述了该界线地层的国际和国内对比的主要标志性化石。 相似文献
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西藏地质旅游资源概况及开发建议 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西藏地区孕育了如地貌、水体、地质构造、地层剖面和地质灾害遗迹等种类繁多的地质遗迹资源,使得西藏发展地质旅游成为可能.在概述西藏地质旅游资源的基础上,论述了开发西藏地质旅游资源对西藏社会经济可持续发展、改善西藏投资环境和提高招商引资环境容量的重要意义,提出了在开发过程中应遵循"在保护中开发和在开发中保护"的总体原则及几点相关建议. 相似文献
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西藏地区孕育了如地貌、水体、地质构造、地层剖面和地质灾害遗迹等种类繁多的地质遗迹资源,使得西藏发展地质旅游成为可能.在概述西藏地质旅游资源的基础上,论述了开发西藏地质旅游资源对西藏社会经济可持续发展、改善西藏投资环境和提高招商引资环境容量的重要意义,提出了在开发过程中应遵循“在保护中开发和在开发中保护“的总体原则及几点相关建议. 相似文献
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安徽巢湖地区下三叠统牙形石生物地层分带及其全球对比 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
安徽巢湖地区早三叠世处于下扬子碳酸盐岩缓坡较深水区域,地层序列完整、清晰,各类化石是区域乃至全球最为丰富、序列最为完整的,是研究国际早三叠世年代地层最经典地区之一．对安徽巢湖平顶山西坡剖面、平顶山北坡剖面、马家山南剖面系统采样和精细的牙形石生物地层研究结果表明,下三叠统至少可以划分为8个牙形石带,建立了在华南具有代表性的下三叠统牙形石生物地层序列,自下而上为（1）Hindeodus typicalis带;（2）Neogondolella krystyni-Neogondolella planata带;（3）Neospathodus kummeli带;（4）Neospathodus dieneri带;（5）Neospathodus iaageni带;（6）Neospathodus pingdingshanensis带;（7）Neospathodus homeri带;（8）Neospathodus anhuinensis带．并与世界其他地区同期地层进行精确对比,为建立下三叠统印度阶与奥伦尼克阶界线的全球层型（GSSP）提供可靠依据． 相似文献
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西藏地区孕育了如地貌、水体、地质构造、地层剖面和地质灾害遗迹等种类繁多的地质遗迹资源,使得西藏发展地质旅游成为可能。在概述西藏地质旅游资源的基础上,论述了开发西藏地质旅游资源对西藏社会经济可持续发展、改善西藏投资环境和提高招商引资环境容量的重要意义,提出了在开发过程中应遵循“在保护中开发和在开发中保护”的总体原则及几点相关建议。 相似文献
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安徽巢湖平顶山下三叠统牙形石生物地层序列 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
简要介绍安徽巢湖平顶山下三叠统牙形石生物地层研究的最新成果.对平顶山西坡剖面112.8 m厚的下三叠统地层所采集的286件牙形石样品, 经处理后获得2 870余枚牙形石样本, 经鉴定共有11属51种.这些属分别是Hindeodus, Isarcicella(?), Neogondolella, Neospathodus, Platyvillosus, Cratognathodus, Parachirognathus, Pachycladina, Ellisonia, Aduncodina和Cornudina.牙形石生物地层从老到新可划分为9个牙形石带: (1)Hindeodus typicalis- Neogondolella planata带; (2)Neogondolella krystyni带; (3)Neospathodus kummeli带; (4)Neospathodus dieneri带; (5)Neospathodus n. sp. C- Neospathodus n.sp. D带; (6) Neospathodus waageni带; (7)Neospathodus n.sp. M带; (8)Neospathodus eotriangularis带; (9) Neospathodus abruptus- Neospathodus homeri带.牙形石的组合面貌基本可与国内外其他地区牙形石带相对比.但其中牙形石(2), (3), (5), (7), (8)带为巢湖地区首次建立.在下三叠统菊石带控制下所建立的连续的牙形石分带对全球的三叠系阶的对比具有十分重要的意义. 关键词: 牙形石; 牙形石生物地层; 下三叠统; 安徽巢湖. 相似文献
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皇藏峪及周边地区具有得天独厚的地质构造条件和自然地理环境,地质遗迹众多,分布集中,保存完整,构成了以皇藏峪国家森林公园为中心的地质遗迹景观区。主要地质遗迹有推覆构造、寒武纪和前寒武纪典型地层剖面、榴辉岩等深源捕虏体、灵璧石、叠层石等,具有重要的科学价值和美学价值。可以利用已有皇藏峪国家森林公园的旅游资源和知名度,开发地质遗迹为主题的地质旅游,建设并申报地质公园,建设地质博物馆,同时要系统开展地质遗迹调查工作,以及地质现象的成因研究工作,做好地质遗迹保护。 相似文献
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中国地质遗迹资源保护 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在地球形成与演化过程中,由于内外动力共同作用形成了众多具有科学价值和观赏价值的地质遗迹。地质遗迹是地质环境的重要组成部分,因此对于地质遗迹的保护也是自然环境保护的重要部分。中国地质遗迹资源丰富,主要有地层剖面、构造剖面以及古生物化石等。本文系统总结我国地质遗迹分布现状、地质遗迹调查工作进展情况和遗迹保护现状,分析了我国地质遗迹保护工作中存在的主要问题,提出了地质遗迹资源保护与开发利用建议。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献