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基于特征点匹配及提纯的点云配准算法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对传统的基于ICP点云配准算法配准时间长、收敛慢、需要较好初始配准等限制,本文利用现有的点云特征提取算法和描述算法,提取并匹配点云中的特征点,用RANSAC算法结合坐标转换模型剔除误匹配点对,用匹配点对在两点云中的坐标计算之间的坐标转换参数,从而实现点云的配准。相比ICP类算法,提高了点云配准的效率,同时提高了点云配准的自动化程度。 相似文献
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对缺乏纹理物体建立三维模型,关键的难度在于缺乏特征点和点的坐标获得。本文采用ICP算法来对物体进行匹配,当特征点不足时,ICP算法是一个很适用的匹配方法,只需要对物体的给定点寻找最近点。为了计算目标点的坐标,利用投影器投射清晰稳定的纹理到缺乏纹理物体的表面,然后CCD相机对物体进行拍摄。通过线检测和空间前方交会解算出物体部分模型表面的空间点;并使用无需控制点的ICP方法对相互重叠的部分模型进行匹配,从而完成物体的三维重建。实验证明ICP方法对缺乏纹理物体的三维曲面匹配有效。 相似文献
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针对传统ICP算法在激光雷达目标点云配准中存在匹配时间长,以及受初值影响导致该算法应用在无人车SLAM技术中容易存在定位精度不高和稳健性较差的问题,本文提出了一种结合KD-tree算法的NDT-ICP算法。首先,通过Voxel Grid滤波对激光雷达获取的点云数据进行预处理,利用平面拟合参数的方法去除地面点云;然后,利用NDT算法进行点云粗匹配,缩短目标点云与待匹配点云距离;最后,通过KD-tree邻近搜索法提高对应点查找速度,并通过优化收敛阈值,完成ICP算法的精匹配。试验结果表明,本文提出的改进算法相比于NDT算法和ICP算法,在点云配准速度和精度上有明显提高,且在地图构建上精度和稳健性更好。 相似文献
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一种基于ISS-SHOT特征的点云配准算法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对点云配准过程中易产生错误对应点、收敛速度慢、配准时间长等问题,提出了一种基于内部形态描述子（ISS）及方向直方图描述子（SHOT）特征的点云配准算法。运用体素格网法下采样后,采用ISS算法提取特征点,并用SHOT对特征点进行描述,利用余弦相似度匹配对应点对,再采用RANSAC算法剔除错误对应点对,使得两片点云获得良好的初始位姿,最后采用点到平面的ICP算法进行精确配准。试验结果表明,与传统ICP算法及基于ISS的SAC-IA+ICP算法相比,本文算法配准精度及配准效率更高,对数据量大、重叠率较低点云具有很好的稳健性。 相似文献
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由于工业封头变形使得采集到的两期点云重心不一致,受点云重心变化的干扰,传统ICP算法出现局部收敛的情况,本文提出了一种基于点对间欧氏距离计算点云加权重心的ICP改进算法。该方法通过给不同距离的点对赋予权值,变形区域的点对距离较大,赋予的权值相对小,有效地消除了变形区域的点云对重心位置的影响。实验结果表明,该方法大大提高了ICP算法的精准性,有效消除重心变化的影响,从而可以准确地检测出工业封头变形区域。 相似文献
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迭代最近点算法（ICP）是一种用于点云精确配准的经典算法。针对多幅点云进行ICP配准存在耗时多、效率低的问题,本文利用消息传递接口MPI对多幅点云进行分批并行配准。首先并行求解相邻两幅点云的相邻变换矩阵,然后计算每幅点云在当前批次的局部变换矩阵,最后获得每幅点云的全局变换矩阵。本文以DELL PowerEdge R730服务器为计算平台,对空间点总规模达四千多万的65幅点云进行了分批并行配准。试验结果表明：利用MPI对多幅点云进行分批处理可显著加快配准速度,最优进程数为计算机的核数时,加速比为5.3。 相似文献
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针对"一对多""多对一""多对多"直线匹配结果难以检核的瓶颈问题,提出一种共线约束与匹配冗余的组直线匹配结果检核算法。该算法在已有组直线匹配结果基础上,首先将结果中的每对同名直线组分裂为两对同名单直线,分别建立直线组、单直线同名对应关系矩阵,矩阵的行、列号分别对应参考影像、搜索影像上直线组索引或单直线索引,矩阵元素值可用于记录其行、列号所表示对应关系出现的数目、特征相似性系数等多源信息;在此基础上,以同名直线关系矩阵为基础,提取局部关系矩阵,建立"一对多""多对一""多对多"匹配结果间的关联;然后基于局部关系矩阵,结合共线约束、匹配冗余、特征相似性系数对结果进行检核,剔除错误匹配,保留正确匹配;最后对结果中的"多"直线进行拟合得到"一对一"的同名直线。选取具有典型纹理特征的航空影像和近景影像进行组直线匹配结果检核试验,获得了可靠的同名直线,验证了本文算法的有效性。 相似文献
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基于SIFT的宽基线立体影像密集匹配 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
提出基于对极几何和单应映射双重约束及SIFT特征的宽基线立体影像多阶段准密集匹配算法。算法包括三个阶段：①基于特征点的空间分布和信息熵选取一定数量的最优SIFT特征点集并进行最小二乘初始稀疏匹配及立体像对的基本矩阵和单应矩阵估计;②对于其余特征,利用同名核线倾斜角及SIFT特征的尺度信息对匹配窗口的仿射变换参数进行迭代优化及变形改正、提取仿射不变SIFT特征描述符,并基于双重约束信息及欧氏距离测度进行匹配;③考虑宽基线立体影像较低的特征提取重复率,对第②步左右影像中未能成功匹配的特征点,基于双向搜索策略,采用基于盒滤波加速计算的SSD测度在变形改正后的双重约束区域中进行匹配,并对匹配结果进行加权最小二乘拟合定位。实际的宽基线立体影像试验结果证明了算法的有效性,可为后续的三维重建提供较为可靠的密集或准密集匹配点。 相似文献
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Partial occlusion and fragmented lines will result in the various cases of straight line correspondences, such as one-to-one,
one-to-many or many-to-many ones. However, the complex correspondences, such as one-to-many and many-to-many ones, are usually
ignored or cannot be established completely in the existing methods. Here, the essence of the complex correspondences will
be analyzed. Based on the two characteristics of a straight line, which are introduced by regarding a straight line as a set
of collinear points, the compatibility between the complex correspondences and the uniqueness constraint of point correspondence
is proved and a new uniqueness constraint of correspondence for matching lines is proposed. Based on the analysis of the complex
correspondences, a new concept of line feature group is defined to describe a set of integral correspondences among straight
line features from different images and then a new algorithm for establishing all the correspondences completely is described
simply. The experimental results with real stereo images illustrate that the complex correspondences among straight lines
are actual cases and can be established effectively. 相似文献
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DEM matching is a technique to match two surfaces or two DEMs, at different reference frames. It was originally proposed to replace the need of ground control points for absolute orientation of perspective images. This paper examines DEM matching for precise mapping of pushbroom images without ground control points. We proved that DEM matching based on 3D similarity transformation can be used when model errors are only on the platform’s position and attitude biases. We also proposed how to estimate bias errors and how to update rigorous pushbroom sensor models from DEM matching results. We used a SPOT-5 stereo pair at ground sampling distance of 2.5 m and a reference DEM dataset at grid spacing of 30 m and showed that rigorous pushbroom models with accuracy better than twice of the ground sampling distance both in image and object space have been achieved through DEM matching. We showed further that DEM matching based on 3D similarity transformation may not work for pushbroom images with drift or drift rate errors. We discussed the effects of DEM outliers on DEM matching and automated removal of outliers. The major contribution of this paper is that we validate DEM matching, theoretically and experimentally, for estimating position and attitude biases and for establishing rigorous sensor models for pushbroom images. 相似文献
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The paper deals with measurement of human facial deformations from synchronized image sequences taken with multiple calibrated cameras from different viewpoints. SIFT (Scale Invariant Feature Transform) keypoints are utilized as image feature points in the first place to determine spatial and temporal correspondences between images. If no temporal match is found for an image point by keypoint matching, then the tracking of the point is switched to least squares matching provided the point has one or more spatial corresponding points in the other views of the previous frame. For this purpose, a new method based on affine multi-image least squares matching is proposed where multiple spatial and temporal template images are simultaneously matched against each search image and part of the spatial template images also change during adjustment. A new method based on analyzing temporal changes in the image coordinates of the tracked points in multiple views is then presented for detecting the 3-D points which move only rigidly between consecutive frames. These points are used to eliminate the effect of rigid motion of the head and to obtain the changes in the 3-D points and in the corresponding image points due to pure deformation of the face. The methods are thoroughly tested with three multi-image sequences of four cameras including also quite large changes of facial deformations. The test results prove that the proposed affine multi-image least squares matching yields better results than another method using only fixed templates of the previous frame. The elimination of the effect of rigid motion works well and the points where the face is deforming can be correctly detected and the true deformation estimated. A method based on a novel adaptive threshold is also proposed for automated extraction and tracking of circular targets on a moving calibration object. 相似文献
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This paper proposes an automatic method for registering terrestrial laser scans in terms of robustness and accuracy. The proposed method uses spatial curves as matching primitives to overcome the limitations of registration methods based on points, lines, or patches as primitives. These methods often have difficulty finding correspondences between the scanned point clouds of freeform surfaces (e.g., statues, cultural heritage). The proposed method first clusters visually prominent points selected according to their associated geometric curvatures to extract crest lines which describe the shape characteristics of point clouds. Second, a deformation energy model is proposed to measure the shape similarity of these crest lines to select the correct matching-curve pairs. Based on these pairs, good initial orientation parameters can be obtained, resulting in fine registration. Experiments were undertaken to evaluate the robustness and accuracy of the proposed method, demonstrating a reliable and stable solution for accurately registering complex scenes without good initial alignment. 相似文献
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拼接是地面激光点云数据处理的必要步骤,但基于同名点的点云拼接方式已成为阻碍点云处理效率提升的长期瓶颈,而直接匹配点云识别同名特征的方法亦对点云重叠区域具有较高的要求。本文提出一种融合语义特征与GPS位置的地面激光点云拼接方法,通过语义知识自动识别出原始三维点云中所包含的地面特征与建筑物立面特征,并使用这两种面状特征结合点云测站中心的GPS位置作为同名标靶进行点云初始拼接,随后使用点到面最小距离约束下的ICP进行点云精确拼接。实验表明,本方法可以有效提高地面激光点云拼接的整体效率,尤其对于包含平面结构（如马路、建筑物）的场景具有良好的拼接效果。 相似文献
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多尺度点云噪声检测的密度分析法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
当前机载激光雷达数据和影像匹配得到的点云是密集点云数据的两类主要来源,但都不可避免存在着噪声点。本文提出一种新的点云去噪算法,可适用于这两类数据中所包含的噪声点的去除。算法主要包括两步:第1步利用多尺度的密度算法去除孤立噪声和小的簇状噪声;第2步利用三角网约束将第1步中误检测为噪声的点重新归为正常点。针对真实数据进行了剔噪试验,结果表明本文提出的基于密度分析的多尺度噪声检测算法对孤立噪声和簇状噪声都有较为效,且对于质量较差的影像匹配点云的检测也能有效处理。本文算法检测率达到97%以上。 相似文献
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同名点及高程平面约束的航空影像直线匹配算法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
针对直线匹配的难点问题及匹配约束的有效性,提出了同名点及高程平面约束的航空影像直线匹配算法。该算法在边缘点匹配结果和直线提取结果的基础上,首先利用直线邻域内的同名点确定候选直线及直线投影平面的高程值,再结合物方和像方相似性约束确定同名直线;然后根据直线索引对"一配多"的匹配结果进行整合,并对结果中的多直线进行合并,得到"一对一"的同名直线;最后利用"像方-物方-像方"的映射模式确定同名直线的同名端点。论文选取典型纹理特征的航空影像进行直线匹配试验,结果表明,本文算法能获得可靠的直线匹配结果。 相似文献