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1.
在高分辨率１４Ｃ测年、岩石、生物、化学、同位素、气候及磁性地层学研究成果基础上,通过不同沉积背景典型钻孔的沉积学分析,运用层序地层学理论,对东海陆架全新统进行了高分辨率层序划分及对比;建立了全新世层序地层格架及海平面变化过程;提出了相应的层序成因模式。研究结果表明,东海陆架全新统相当于一个发育中的六级（１～１０ｋａ）层序,可进一步划分为３个七级（０．１～１ｋａ）层序和若干个更次级层序。代表１个六级或３个七级周期相对海平面变化过程中叠加有若干更次级的海平面波动,它们与地球旋回谱系中的太阳带、历法带密切相关。七级层序具有与三级层序相近的内部构型和成因格架。在东海陆架全新世沉积演化过程中,长江三角州至少有３次不同程度地越过东海陆架进入冲绳海槽,并滞留有至少３层海侵改造“残积砂”沉积。在东海陆架全新世海平面变化期间,最大海平面时期为约距今６～５ｋａ,大致高于现今海平面２～４ｍ,最低海平面在距今１０ｋａ左右,大约低于现今海平面１３０ｍ。目前,由于温室效应的影响,海平面仍呈小幅度波浪式上升。事实证明,层序地层学不仅丰富了现代海洋沉积学的内容,而且解决了许多海洋沉积学未能解决的问题。 相似文献
2.
《Sedimentary Geology》2006,183(1-2):1-13
Integrated sedimentological and micropaleontological (foraminifers and ostracods) analyses of two 55 m long borehole cores (S3 and S4) drilled in the subsurface of Lesina lagoon (Gargano promontory—Italy) has yielded a facies distribution characteristic of alluvial, coastal and shallow-marine sediments. Stratigraphic correlation between the two cores, based on strong similarity in facies distribution and AMS radiocarbon dates, indicates a Late Pleistocene to Holocene age of the sedimentary succession.Two main depositional sequences were deposited during the last 60-ky. These sequences display poor preservation of lowstand deposits and record two major transgressive pulses and subsequent sea-level highstands. The older sequence, unconformably overlying a pedogenized alluvial unit, consists of paralic and marine units (dated by AMS radiocarbon at about 45–50,000 years BP) that represent the landward migration of a barrier-lagoon system. These units are separated by a ravinement surface (RS1). Above these tansgressive deposits, highstand deposition is characterised by progradation of the coastal sediments.The younger sequence, overlying an unconformity of tectonic origin, is a 10 m-thick sedimentary body, consisting of fluvial channel sediments overlain by transgressive–regressive deposits of Holocene age. A ravinement surface (RS2), truncating the transgressive (lagoonal and back-barrier) deposits in core S4, indicates shoreface retreat and landward migration of the barrier/lagoon system. The overlying beach, lagoon and alluvial deposits are the result of mid-Holocene highstand sedimentation and coastal progradation. 相似文献
3.
The Neoproterozoic and Palaeozoic Taoudeni basin forms the flat-lying and unmetamorphosed sedimentary cover of the West African Craton. In the western part of this basin, the Char Group and the lower part of the Atar Group make up a 400-m-thick Neoproterozoic siliciclastic succession which rests on the Palaeoproterozoic metamorphic and granitic basement. Five erosional bounding surfaces of regional extent have been identified in this succession. These surfaces separate five stratigraphic units with lithofacies associations ranging from fluvial to coastal and fluvial-, tide-, or wave-dominated shallow marine deposits. Owing to their regional extent and their position within the succession, the erosive bounding surfaces correspond to relative sea-level falls, and accordingly the five stratigraphic units they bound represent allocyclic transgressive–regressive depositional sequences (S1–S5). Changes in the nature of the deposits forming the transgressive–regressive cycles reflect landward or seaward shifts of the stacked sequences. These successive relative sea-level changes are related to the reactivation of basement faults and tilting during rifting of the Pan-Afro-Brasiliano supercontinent 1000 m.y. ago. The stromatolite bearing carbonate-shale sequences which form the rest of the Atar Group mark the onset of a quiet period of homogeneous subsidence contemporaneous with the Pan-African I oceanization 800–700 m.y. ago. 相似文献
4.
以陕西镇安西口石炭-二叠系界线剖面为具体实例, 探讨了冰川型海平面变化控制下的台地碳酸盐岩成岩作用规律.描述了陕西镇安西口石炭-二叠系界线剖面碳酸盐岩的各种成岩作用类型.根据成岩组构将研究区碳酸盐岩的成岩环境分为海水、大气淡水和埋藏环境.综合分析了各种成岩作用及其成岩环境的纵向分布特征.研究表明, 剖面上碳酸盐岩成岩作用和成岩环境的特征与岩石在高频旋回中的相对位置存在明显的对应关系, 受大振幅、高频率的冰川型海平面变化控制.早期海平面相对上升, 形成旋回的下部单元, 岩石首先经历海底成岩作用, 随着上覆沉积物的增加, 逐渐进入浅埋藏环境, 成岩作用表现为以压溶、重结晶作用发育为主要特征.晚期形成旋回的上部单元, 由于海平面相对下降, 沉积物逐渐抬升, 早期海底成岩作用尚未充分发育就脱离海水环境, 进入大气淡水成岩环境, 以强烈的大气淡水成岩作用为特征. 相似文献
5.
内蒙古西南部石炭系砂坝─泻湖沉积体系的比较沉积学分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
石炭纪内蒙古西南部广泛发育砂坝─泻湖沉积体系,该体系不同时期形成的泻湖沉积物相互叠置?沉积厚度大?沉积层序多样,这在全新世泻湖中难以形成和观察到?依据沉积特征?沉积层序,识别出与现代同类沉积体系相似的四种基本类型:海侵型?海退型?稳定型和局部海侵型?这表明研究全新世砂坝─泻湖体系得出的地层模式有助于识别地质时期的同类沉积体系?由于研究地区石炭纪砂坝─泻湖体系发育于广阔的空间和较长的时间内,它们常成复合类型,如海侵型─局部海侵型?稳定型─局部海侵型?此外,全新世稳定型砂坝─泻湖体系的上覆和下优层皆为陆相,但是石炭系同类沉积体系在同一地区连续叠置,这是长时期构造持续下陷和岸线相对稳定的反映?海侵型砂坝─泻湖体系形成于海侵层序中,泻湖沉积物的厚度大于砂坝沉积物的厚度,据此,建立了不同于现代同类沉积体系的地层模式? 相似文献
6.
沉积盆地的层序和沉积充填结构及过程响应 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
现代层序地层学的理论发展,把沉积过程纳入到地质演化的时空框架中并与地球的多旋回或节律演化结合研究,形成了一套带有革命性的、在等时地层格架中研究沉积作用的新方法,成为了油气资源等沉积矿产预测勘探的重要工具。沉积盆地的沉积充填可划分出与各级沉积旋回相对应的层序地层单元。追踪对比由不整合面或不整合面及其对应的整合面为界的高级别层序地层单元建立的区域性等时地层格架,对盆地构造古地理再造和油气勘探战略性研究至关重要;追踪四、五级等低级别层序地层单元和体系域建立的高精度层序地层格架,可为重点区域或区带的沉积体系和储集体的沉积构成和分布等的解剖提供精细的地层对比基础。依据沉积基准面的变化,从层序内水进到水退的沉积旋回中可划分出正常水退沉积、强制性水退沉积、水进沉积及垂向加积等成因沉积类型。海相或湖相盆地中三级层序地层单元内均可较好地划分出低位、水进、高位及下降体系域。盆地构造作用、气候变化、海、湖平面升降过程对层序发育的控制作用及沉积响应研究,一直是层序地层学或沉积地质分析领域的研究热点。沉积盆地的层序地层序列演化是盆地地球动力学过程的总体响应。层序地层学把盆地古构造、古地理的变迁纳入到统一的地球演化系统中研究,形成了与区域地球演化史或盆地动力学演化相结合的重要研究领域。多旋回盆地或叠合盆地中多期次的构造变革导致了多个区域性不整合面所分隔的多个构造层序的叠加。注重构造—层序地层的结合分析,揭示盆地的层序地层序列与多期盆地构造作用的成因联系,是构造活动盆地或大型叠合盆地沉积地质演化和油气聚集规律研究的关键。盆地构造作用,如前陆盆地多期次的逆冲挠曲沉降和回弹隆起的构造作用、多幕裂陷过程、多期构造反转等与重要不整合及区域性沉积旋回或层序的形成密切相关;而由气候变化引起的海或湖平面变化是控制高频沉积旋回或低级别层序发育的主要因素。在构造活动盆地中,构造坡折带对沉积体系域和沉积相的发育分布具重要控制作用。 相似文献
7.
渤海是一个仅通过渤海海峡与北黄海相接的半封闭陆架浅海,晚第四纪以来的地层演化过程复杂,目前尚不清楚,且海相地层的形成时代存在争议.为了研究渤海西部晚第四纪以来的地层层序,对高分辨率浅地层剖面声学地层与典型钻孔沉积地层的进行对比分析.研究表明:高分辨率浅地层剖面自下而上划定的7个声学地层单元（U5、U4-2、U4-1、U3、U2、U1-2、U1-1）与钻孔岩心划分的沉积地层单元具有良好的对应关系.与MIS4期、MIS2期低海面时期的沉积间断密切相关的两个层序界面R5、R3,将渤海西部晚第四纪（MIS5期）以来的地层层序自下而上划分为3个层序（SQ3、SQ2、SQ1）:SQ3识别出下部海侵体系域与高水位体系域、上部海退体系域,分别对应MIS5期海平面相对较高时期的滨-浅海相交替沉积（U5）、MIS4期早期滨海相沉积（U4-2）;SQ2自下而上由低水位体系域[MIS4期中晚期与黄河、滦河相关的河湖相沉积（U4-1）]与海侵体系域[MIS3期早中期滨海相沉积（U3）]组成;SQ1自下而上包括低水位体系域[末次冰盛期与滦河相关的河湖相沉积（U2）]、海侵体系域[全新世早中期滨海相沉积（U1-2）]高水位体系域[全新世高海面以来的浅海相沉积（U1-1）].研究区的地层发育受控于海平面变化、沉积物供应、渤海海峡地形及活动构造的共同作用. 相似文献
8.
The diagenesis of modern and ancient carbonatesedi ments has been widely studied and systematicallyreviewed since the 1960s (e .g. Moore ,2001 ,1989 ;Wang et al ., 1994 , 1991 ; McIlreath and Morrow,1990 ; Tucker and Bathurst , 1990 ; Schneidermannand Harris , 1985 ; Longman, 1980 ; Bathurst ,1975) . With the development of sequence stratigra-phy and its more widespread application, discussionabout the relationship between diagenesis and se-quence stratigraphy/sea-level changes ,as well as… 相似文献
9.
贵州南部的泥盆系为一个大型的楔状体。从深水背景的广西南丹罗富剖面到古陆边缘的贵阳乌当剖面,泥盆系由13个层序变薄尖灭成5个层序,这是泥盆纪早期海侵尖灭与晚期海退尖灭的结果。研究区泥盆系由海侵碎屑岩岩系到清水台地碳酸盐岩岩系地层序列构成2个二级层序,又可进一步划分为13个三级层序。二级层序和三级层序均由其特殊的沉积相序列组成。研究区泥盆系层序地层划分和层序地层格架的建立提供了一个在年代地层与海平面变化框架内研究“相迁移”的良好实例。 相似文献
10.
The Lower Jurassic Mashabba Formation crops out in the core of the doubly plunging Al-Maghara anticline, North Sinai, Egypt. It represents a marine to terrestrial succession deposited within a rift basin associated with the opening of the Neotethys. Despite being one of the best and the only exposed Lower Jurassic strata in Egypt, its sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic framework has not been addressed yet. The formation is subdivided informally into a lower and upper member with different depositional settings and sequence stratigraphic framework. The sedimentary facies of the lower member include shallow-marine, fluvial, tidal flat and incised valley fill deposits. In contrast, the upper member consists of strata with limited lateral extension including fossiliferous lagoonal limestones alternating with burrowed deltaic sandstones. The lower member contains three incomplete sequences (SQ1-SQ3). The depositional framework shows transgressive middle shoreface to offshore transition deposits sharply overlain by forced regressive upper shoreface sandstones (SQ1), lowstand fluvial to transgressive tidal flat and shallow subtidal sandy limestones (SQ2), and lowstand to transgressive incised valley fills and shallow subtidal sandy limestones (SQ3). In contrast, the upper member consists of eight coarsening-up depositional cycles bounded by marine flooding surfaces. The cycles are classified as carbonate-dominated, siliciclastic-dominated, and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate. The strata record rapid changes in accommodation space. The unpredictable facies stacking pattern, the remarkable rapid facies changes, and chaotic stratigraphic architecture suggest an interplay between allogenic and autogenic processes. Particularly syndepositional tectonic pulses and occasional eustatic sea-level changes controlled the rate and trends of accommodation space, the shoreline morphology, the amount and direction of siliciclastic sediment input and rapid switching and abandonment of delta systems. 相似文献
11.
相对海平面变化与南海珠江深水扇系统的响应 总被引：41，自引：2，他引：39
根据微体古生物分析建立起来的珠江口盆地第三系相对海平面曲线,具有与全球海平面变化相一致的三级旋回和不一致的二级旋回。三级海平面升降导致了各沉积层序体系域在宽广陆架和陆坡之间的迁移,研究证实,位于南中国海北缘、珠江口外的陆坡深水区广泛发育第三系多层序叠置的南海珠江深水扇系统。区域性构造作用使得珠江口盆地二级海平面变化与全球海平面变化具有不一致性,并形成与全球海退趋势相反的海侵型海平面曲线。受相对海平面变化的控制,现今处于陆坡深水区的白云凹陷自32Ma南海扩张以来经历了三台阶式的海侵事件,形成了台阶式退积层序组合,具有下粗上细的沉积序列;造就了23.8Ma以前的浅水三角洲-滨岸砂泥岩沉积组合;23.8~10.5Ma的深水扇砂泥岩为主的沉积组合;以及10.5Ma以来主要为远端的细粒沉积为主。 相似文献
12.
采用EXXON公司"Vail"学派的观点,将晚二叠世划分为2个三级层序。层序Ⅰ发育低位体系域、海侵体系域及高位体系域,比较完整。层序Ⅱ只发育海侵体系域及高位体系域。通过绘制各种单因素等值线图,并与单井剖面相和连井剖面相分析相结合,从点到线再到面,展开古地理分析。2个层序均反映出海侵自东向西的脉动推进、东深西浅的格局,从而产生了潮坪三角洲-海湾(泻湖)-潮坪-浅海沉积模式在垂向上和平面上的展布特征,其中海湾-潮坪及碳酸盐台地构成了研究区基本骨架。物源区主要来自西部康滇古陆。总体上晚二叠世研究区遭遇了一个海水自东北向西南不断侵进的过程,因此成煤环境随着海平面的上升而不断向西南迁移。煤层主要发育在海湾-潮坪环境里,其次为低地残积平原。 相似文献
13.
通过对广西六景、贵州独山和乌当泥盆系剖面层序、体系域、副层序及作用相和环境相的系统研究,识别出2种层序界面;3种海进过程和10种层序、体系域和相对海面变化.并发现,阶跃型高幅海平面变化形成的层序界面、层序、体系域、副层序和旋回层往往可在大区域追踪对比;剖面作用相、环境相分析是露头层序地层和相对海平面变化研究的基础,剖面上层序、体系域及其反映的相对海平面变化的频率、幅度、速度和相位研究对层序界面、层序、体系域、副层序和旋回层的空间延拓、等时追踪对比和驱动机制的成因解释有重要的指导、预测作用. 相似文献
14.
华北石炭-二叠纪层序地层格架及其特征 总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15
华北石炭二叠纪沉积建造由两部分组成,下部为碳酸盐岩与硅质碎屑岩构成的含煤建造,上部为硅质碎屑岩红色建造。根据不整合面及其它识别层序界面的标志,该沉积建造可划分为５个沉积层序。ＤＳ１、ＤＳ２、ＤＳ３层序属陆表海型层序,其底界面为Ⅰｅ型层序界面,层序内仅发育海侵体系域和高位体系域;ＤＳ４层序为过渡型层序,由低位体系域、海侵体系域和高位体系域构成;ＤＳ５层序为湖泊型层序,包括低水位体系域、水进体系域和高位体系域。盆地充填超层序（ＤＳ１-ＤＳ５）的发育受控于全球二级相对海平面变化,而沉积层序的发育则与区域性造山作用引起的三级海平面变化有关。 相似文献
15.
Analysis of 92 engineering core logs located in the Balize sector of the eastern Mississippi delta focuses on the late Wisconsin unconformity and lithofacies of strata lying immediately below and above this stratigraphic horizon. This major sequence boundary is a key feature used to correlate strata across shelf and slope to the basin. Observations emphasize lithofacies distributions of the latest Pleistocene sediments underlying the unconformity, the late Pleistocene to early Holocene transgressive facies, and the immediately overlying deltaic deposits. Maps and a cross-section compiled with this information highlight the critical relation between lithofacies distributions and late Wisconsin sea-level oscillations. Core analysis reveals that the transgressive facies comprises distinct environments of deposition, offshore to onshore. Findings identify criteria to determine the approximate position of the shoreline at the late Wisconsin maximum sea-level lowstand and at the extent of early Holocene maximum marine inundation in the Balize complex. Mapping of lithologies along the late Wisconsin unconformity serves to improve correlation of sediment facies with changes in acoustic response along high-resolution seismic profiles. An estimate of long-term averaged land subsidence suggests lowering of at least 1 mm/year near the shelfedge during the past 18 000 years. This mapping also refines sea-level response models for the Mississippi delta, including criteria to locate key paleogeographic features such as shelfedges and maximum flooding surfaces in other Recent marine deltas and in older, stacked deltaic sequences. 相似文献
16.
The Quaternary sediments of the West Sussex Coastal Plain have produced a wide range of floral, faunal and archaeological remains. These sediments consist of marine sands and gravels exhibiting transgressive and regressive trends which occur from present day sea-level to c. +43.0 m O.D. and are overlain by terrestrial silts and cold climate periglacial sediments. At the present day coastline, channel fill deposits occur below modern beach levels. New field observations, coupled with a re-investigation of old sites and literature, suggest that five discrete high stands of sea-level may be preserved in the area of the West Sussex Coastal Plain. Age estimates for these deposits suggest that they span large parts of the Middle and Upper Pleistocene (Oxygen Isotope Stages 13 to 5). Conformable relationships between many of the marine and terrestrial sediments suggest that the potential exists within the area to correlate the marine and terrestrial Quaternary stratigraphic records. In addition sediments associated with two of these high sea-level stands are associated with extensive buried landsurfaces covering large areas of the coastal plain. At some locations these intact landsurfaces are associated with evidence for human activity and represent stratigraphic and cultural resources of international importance. 相似文献
17.
Sarah K. Schultz James A. MacEachern Octavian Catuneanu Shahin E. Dashtgard 《Sedimentology》2020,67(6):2974-3002
Variability in accommodation and sedimentation rates within a basin generates significant deviations in the along-strike stratal stacking patterns of systems tracts. This variability can lead to coeval depositional units that record the juxtaposition of transgressive (retrogradational) and regressive (progradational) stratal stacking patterns. In scenarios where transgressive and regressive units are deposited concurrently, challenges arise when attempting to correlate and place systems tracts into a sequence stratigraphic framework. In these scenarios, the maximum flooding surface records a high level of diachroneity, with the position of the surface variable throughout the stratigraphic column. In this study, Viking Formation (late Albian) deposits in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, central Alberta, Canada, preserve significant along-strike variability of palaeoshorelines that developed in response to autogenic processes as well as allogenic controls that were active during deposition. Specifically, structural reactivation of Precambrian basement structures during Viking deposition led to significant variability in depositional environments along the palaeoshoreline. The incremental basement reactivation of the Precambrian Snowbird Tectonic Zone influenced sedimentation patterns and the creation of anomalous zones of accommodation in localized areas of the basin. Across fault boundaries and within the anomalously thick strata, both progradational and retrogradational stacking patterns occur within broadly contemporaneous deposits, complicating the correlation of stratigraphic units. While the concomitant deposition of transgressive and regressive units has been documented in a number of modern marine analogues, the concept is rarely applied to ancient successions. By identifying along-strike variabilities in shoreline geometries and incorporating the autogenic and allogenic controls that were active during deposition, a more accurate sequence stratigraphic framework can be proposed. 相似文献
18.
利用辽东湾西北部A区6口井的录井、测井、岩心资料,通过细致的层序地层学及沉积学分析,将研究层段自下而上划分为SQs2和SQs1两个三级层序,每个层序均可划分出湖扩体系域(TST)和高位体系域(HST),并识别出三个层序边界和两个最大湖泛面,自下而上分别为SQs2底界面SBs2、最大湖泛面mfss2、SQs1底界面SBs1、最大湖泛面mfss1、SQs1顶界面SBd3。钻井揭示沙二段主要为砂岩、含砾砂岩,以粗碎屑岩发育为特征;沙一段主要为泥岩和白云岩,以泥岩发育为主要特征。研究区沉积相为湖泊相,滨浅湖亚相,微相发育泥滩、混合滩、砂质滩坝和钙质浅滩。低突起及其斜坡地区,在SQs2以混合滩沉积为主,在SQs1以泥滩沉积为主;陡坡地区,在SQs2发育砂质滩坝,在SQs1发育钙质浅滩。SQs2砂岩发育层段和SQs1的生物白云岩发育层段为良好的储层。 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》1999,17(3):369-393
Neogene strata of the northern part of the Pegu (Bago) Yoma Range, Central Myanmar, contain a series of shallow marine clastic sediments with stratigraphic ages ranging from the Early to Late Miocene. The studied succession (around 750 m thick) is composed of three major stratigraphic units deposited during a major regression and four major transgressive cycles in the Early to Late Miocene. The transgressive deposits consist of elongate sand-bars and broad sand-sheets that pass headward into mixed-flats of tidal environments. Marine flooding in transgressive deposits is associated with coquina beds and allochthonous coral-bearing sandy limestone bands. Major marine regressions are associated with lowstand progradation of thick estuary point-bars passing up into upper sand-flat sand bodies encased within the tidal flat sequences and lower shoreface deposits with local unconformities. The succession initially formed in a large scale incised-valley system, and was later interrupted by two major marine transgressions in the generally regressive or basinward-stepping stratigraphic sequences. Successive sandbodies were formed during a sea-level lowstand and early stage of the subsequent relative rise of sea level in a tide-dominated estuary system in the eastern part of the Central Myanmar Tertiary Basin during Early to Late Miocene times. 相似文献
20.
前陆盆地由于其独特的构造和沉积背景形成不同的层序地层格架样式.以准噶尔盆地车排子地区为例,详细分析了造山带前缘隆起斜坡带层序样式.在准西车排子地区中新生界主要目的层段(下白垩统吐谷鲁群、古近系安集海河组、新近系沙湾组和塔西河组)充填沉积中识别出5条主要等时界面,据界面的性质和级别划分出一级层序2个,二级层序组3个,三级层序4个.受前陆盆地造山带前缘隆起斜坡带独特的沉积背景及多幕逆冲构造活动作用过程的控制,准西车排子地区中新界各三级层序具有二元沉积结构特征,仅发育低位和湖扩体系域.逆冲挤压期发育低位粗碎屑沉积,应力松弛期发育湖扩细碎屑沉积.低位下切谷、大型扇三角洲和湖扩滩坝砂是准西车排子地区的有利储集砂体及勘探目标. 相似文献