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1.
氮、磷比对两种赤潮藻生长特性的影响及藻间竞争作用 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
研究了两种赤潮藻即假微型海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasleet Heimdalh)和裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)在不同氮磷比培养条件下的生长特性和藻间竞争作用,探讨了氮磷含量及其比值对赤潮爆发的影响机理.结果表明,在N/P=16条件下,假微型海链藻的最大比增长率最高、相对生长常数最大、平均倍增时间最短,叶绿素a含量最高,说明该N/P值是假微型海链藻最佳生长营养盐条件.对裸甲藻而言,N/P=6是其最佳生长的营养盐条件.叶绿素a含量受N/P值的影响和藻细胞密度所受的影响趋势基本一致.不同N/P值对藻间竞争作用和群落演替的总体影响不明显,都呈现先硅藻后甲藻的群落演替规律.裸甲藻可能具有利用体内磷来维持生长的特点. 相似文献
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3.
Batch cultures of water and algae from Lake Rotorua were subjected to nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace element additions, singly and in combination, at monthly intervals between June 1975 and May 1976. The algal responses to the additions were assayed after 5 d incubation, by extracting the chlorophyll from the algae and estimating the concentration by fluorescence. The chlorophyll production consistently responded positively to the addition of nitrogen, while responses to the addition of phosphorus and trace elements were minor by comparison. Although the chlorophyll responses to nitrogen may not have been paralleled by actual growth, the consistent pattern of behaviour by algae in the batch cultures was interpreted as evidence of persistent shortage of nitrogen in the Lake Rotorua environment. 相似文献
4.
表征赤潮水体太阳激发的叶绿素荧光高度的波段优化 --归一化荧光高度法 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用现场实测和室内培养两种方式测定了甲藻、赤潮异弯藻、叉角藻、海洋蓝绿藻等赤潮和新月菱形藻、叉鞭金藻、塔胞藻、扁藻和小球藻等非赤潮藻类光谱曲线.采用度量太阳激发的叶绿素荧光峰高度的归一化荧光高度法,建立了不同藻类归一化荧光高度与叶绿素浓度的关系.荧光高度计算方法是将红光波段的反射率最大值(Rmaxred)和R685分别归一化到560 nm处的R560和560 nm附近整个光谱曲线的最大值R560 max上或675 nm处的R675和675 nm附近的最小值R675mini上.结果表明,不同藻类的Rmaxred/R560max和Rmaxred/R675mini与叶绿素a的相关系数分别比R685/R560和R685/R675与叶绿素的相关系数高,但在海洋现场测量中由于近岸二类水体其他水色组分以及大气校正误差的影响,Rmaxred/R675mini和R685/R675更适合于实测的叶绿素浓度估算.采用三种统计回归方程建立了不同藻类归一化荧光高度与叶绿素浓度关系,除个别藻种外,大部分的相关系数在0.9以上,其中FLH=a+(Chla)b回归方程得到的相关系数优于其他两种方法,相关系数大于0.93,这表明藻类水体的荧光特性和叶绿素浓度之间的普遍关系是非线性的. 相似文献
5.
海州湾是南黄海赤潮高发区之一。为研究浮游细菌与赤潮及环境因子的关系,于2020年11月在海州湾赤潮期间进行了现场调查,采集了8个站位的浮游细菌、浮游植物样品,获取了温度、盐度、叶绿素a以及氮、磷、硅营养盐浓度等环境因子信息,分析了赤潮原因种及浮游细菌群落结构情况。结果显示,此次赤潮原因种为三叶原甲藻(Prorocentrum triestinum)、赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)及塔胞藻(Pyramimonas sp.),发生赤潮时水温、盐度较低,盐度与赤潮异弯藻的分布有一定的联系。使用16SrRNA高通量测序方法分析调查海域的浮游细菌情况,结果显示赤潮发生站位的浮游细菌多样性略低于其他非赤潮发生站位,优势细菌与其他站位有明显不同,以假单胞菌目(Pseudomonadales)、红杆菌目(Rhodobacterales)和黄杆菌目(Flavobacteriales)为主。赤潮发生站位的浮游细菌群落结构也存在一定的差异,不同站位可能处于不同的赤潮阶段,对浮游细菌群落具有不同的影响。相关性分析显示,黄杆菌目与叶绿素a显著正相关,表明黄杆菌目与赤潮发生有一定的关系。 相似文献
6.
浙南海域的赤潮生物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2002—2004年浙南海域浮游植物的多次调查资料,对发生在浙南海域常见的赤潮生物进行分析整理,为赤潮的常规监测和应急监测提供背景资料。共检测到47种赤潮生物,其中有8种曾发生过赤潮,浙南海域主要的赤潮生物有具齿原甲藻Prorocentrumdentatum、微小原甲藻Prorocentrummininum、米金裸甲藻Gymnodiniummikimotoi、夜光藻Noctilucascintillans、长耳盒形藻Biddulphiaaurita等。此外,布氏双尾藻Ditylumbrightwellii、圆海链藻Thalassiosirarotula、掌状冠盖藻Stephanopyxispalmeriana、小等刺硅鞭藻DictyochafibulafibulaEhrenberg以及一些角藻属种类等赤潮生物也存在潜在威胁。 相似文献
7.
有毒赤潮藻及其毒素的危害与检测 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
海洋中可引发赤潮的藻类约有300种,其中有毒赤潮藻为80种左右。现已知道的赤潮藻主要毒素有麻痹性贝毒、腹泻性贝毒、记忆缺失性贝毒、神经性贝毒、西加鱼度和溶血性毒素,前5种毒素的结构已经基本得到证实。有毒赤潮藻的毒素可以在海洋生物体内积累,人类误食含有藻毒素的食品时可能中毒,严重者还可能死亡。海洋有毒赤潮藻及其毒素的检测已经成为当今全球赤潮研究和监测的重要内容之一,可以通过形态学分类方法、分子生物学技术(遗传探针)和免疫学检测技术对有毒赤潮藻进行检测;可以通过生物学、物理化学检测方法和神经受体结合、免疫学检测技术对赤潮藻毒素进行检测。 相似文献
8.
铅离子对海洋浮游植物生长影响的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用一次培养实验方法,研究了Pb^2 对8种常见海洋浮游植物生长的影响。在Logistic生长模型的基础上,结合Lorentz方程和GaussAmp方程,引入Pb^2 浓度项,建立新的方程来描述Pb^2 存在条件下海洋浮游植物的生长过程,并且通过对实验数据的非线性拟合,验证该方程是合理的。实验拟合结果表明,高浓度Pb^2 (c(Pb^2 )≥2500μg／L)对浮游植物的生长普遍有抑制作用,而较低浓度Pb^2 (c(Pb^2 )≤100μg／L)则易促进赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiuo Hada)、旋链角毛藻(Chaetoceros curvisetus Cleve)、三角褐指藻(Pheodactylum tricormutum Bohlin)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve)、青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolanidica Kylin var tsingtaoensis)、亚心型扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)的生长,它们最佳的促进生长浓度分别为：1991、2523、101、1488、627、509μg／L,但对于海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp．)的生长没有明显的影响。应用该方程在一定程度上不仅可以根据浮游植物的生长情况．推测相应海区的Pb^2 污染物浓度;而且也可以预测不同浓度Pb^2 条件下,相应海区的海洋浮游植物的生长情况。 相似文献
9.
Young Baek Son Joji Ishizaka Jong-Chul Jeong Hyun-Choel Kim Taehee Lee 《Ocean Science Journal》2011,46(4):239-263
To distinguish true red tide water (particularly Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms) from non-red tide water (false satellite high chlorophyll water) in the South Sea of Korea, we developed a systematic
classification method using spectral information from MODIS level products and applied it to five different harmful algal
bloom events. Red tide and nonred tide waters were classified based on four different criteria. The first step revealed that
the radiance peaks of potential red tide water occurred at 555 and 678 nm. The second step separated optically different waters
that were influenced by relatively low and high contributions of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (including detritus)
to chlorophyll. The third and fourth steps discriminated red tide water from non-red tide water based on the blue-to-green
ratio in areas with lower and higher contributions of CDOM to chlorophyll, respectively. After applying the red tide classification
(using the four criteria), the spectral response of the red tide water, which is influenced by pigment concentration, showed
different slopes for the blue and green bands (lower slope at blue bands and higher slope at green bands). The opposite result
was found for non-red tide water, due to decreasing phytoplankton absorption and increasing detritus/CDOM absorption at blue
bands. The results were well matched with the discoloration of water (blue to dark red/brown) and delineated the areal coverage
of C. polykrikoides blooms, revealing the nature of spatial and temporal variations in red tides. This simple spectral classification method
led to increase user accuracy for C. polykrikoides and non-red tide blooms (>46% and >97%) and provided a more reliable and robust identification of red tides over a wide range
of oceanic environments than was possible using chlorophyll a concentration, chlorophyll anomaly, fluorescence analysis, or proposed red tide detection algorithms. 相似文献
10.
甲藻赤潮与水体中营养盐的关系初探 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
作者在国家海洋局第三海洋研究所的陆基水池中，应用围隔实验技术，排除了水动力、盐度等环境因子的变动性的干扰，人工诱发甲藻赤潮．在这个围隔实验的两个围隔体中，分别发生了一种裸甲藻（Gymnodinium
sp.）和海洋原甲藻（Prorocentum micans）的赤潮．在赤潮发生和发展过程中所监测到的营养盐数据表明有些甲藻增殖不一定需要水体中高营养盐；营养盐供给的多寡会导致甲藻赤潮优势种的差异和赤潮规模． 相似文献
11.
本文报道了1989年8～9月河北省黄骅市沿海一带由裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)引起的赤潮水质的监测结果。阐述了此次赤潮的基本特征及其与环境的关系。讨论了赤潮的成因及对策。 相似文献
12.
夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）藻华是我国近海常见的生态灾害,其暴发机制尚不明确。为探究营养条件在其形成机制中的作用,本文分析了几种常见饵料藻与同海域硅藻培养下夜光藻的种群增长,同时探究模拟海水混合与营养盐水平对其种群增长的影响。结果发现,不同饵料藻培养下,夜光藻种群增长有着显著差异,其中亚心形扁藻（Platymonas subcordiformis）组中夜光藻的平均增长率为（0.151±0.001）d?1,远高于其他饵料藻。海水混合对夜光藻种群增长有一定的促进作用,模拟海水混合时,部分实验组中夜光藻增长率显著高于静置实验组,其中微小海链藻（Thalassiosira minima）培养下的夜光藻种群增长率为（0.136±0.001）d?1,远高于除亚心形扁藻以外的其他实验组。随着营养盐水平的增加,与亚心形扁藻共培养的夜光藻种群增长出现明显的先增强后减弱的趋势,拟合结果表明,其种群增长符合Boltzmann模型,并与营养盐水平相关。结果表明,海水混合与营养盐输入引起的平潭海域微藻的快速繁殖在当地夜光藻藻华的形成机制中可能起着重要的作用。 相似文献
13.
渤海赤潮藻类生态动力学模型的非线性动力学研究 总被引：11，自引：3，他引：11
基于渤海典型赤潮藻类——中肋骨条藻 ,考虑浮游动物的捕食、光照及营养物质的作用 ,建立了渤海湾的浮游动物—藻类—营养物质三者的动力学模型。运用现代非线性动力学理论着重分析了模型的稳定性及分岔行为。研究了多个参数对藻类生长的影响 ,发现某些参数对藻类的生长影响不大 ,而某些参数则会致使藻类模型出现分岔乃至混沌行为 ,并给出了这些参数的阀值 ,这与赤潮的形成 (爆发性增殖 )密切相关 ;并根据渤海湾的赤潮数据进行了有效的数值模拟 ,所得结果对于研究赤潮的形成机理有一定的参考价值 相似文献
14.
在添加浒苔和紫菜干体的条件下,通过测定藻细胞数量,观察藻细胞形态,分析海藻干体对米氏凯伦藻、中肋骨条藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的半抑制和完全抑制浓度以及半抑制和完全抑制浓度有效作用的起始藻细胞数量范围,研究了浒苔和紫菜干体对3种赤潮微藻生长的影响.在此基础上,设定海藻干体的添加量为其完全抑制浓度,通过监测微藻培养液中总氮(硝酸态氮、氨态氮和亚硝酸态氮)和总磷等变化,分析海藻干体添加对培养液营养化程度的影响.结果表明:(1)当浒苔和紫菜干体浓度分别大于0.8 g/L 和1.0 g/L 时,海藻干体能显著抑制3种赤潮微藻的生长,它们对赤潮微藻的生长抑制率超过60%(第12 d).(2)浒苔和紫菜干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度(IC50)接近,在0.71~1.22 g/L 之间;但完全抑制浓度(IC10)差别较大,浒苔干体对3种赤潮微藻的完全抑制浓度在2.4~2.8 g/L 范围,其数值约为紫菜干体对它们的完全抑制浓度的2倍.(3)3种赤潮微藻起始藻细胞数量不超过40伊104·mL-1(对于米氏凯伦藻和中肋骨条藻来说,起始藻细胞数量可增大至60伊104·mL-1),海藻干体对3种实验微藻的半抑制浓度和完全抑制浓度均有效.(4)添加海藻干体的实验组培养液中总氮和总磷含量均明显高于对照培养液中总氮和总磷含量.其中,实验组培养液中总氮浓度为382滋g/L,总磷浓度明显低于100滋g/L.综上所述,浒苔和紫菜干体具有强烈的抑藻作用,且不会造成培养液营养加剧现象,可尝试应用于赤潮微藻的控制与治理中. 相似文献
15.
印度洋海水营养盐添加模拟实验中浮游植物生长的营养盐限制作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
借助"中国首次环球科学考察航次",在印度洋海区进行了N、Fe、N+Fe以及N+Fe+P的营养盐添加模拟实验。通过对实验过程中水体营养盐浓度、叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度以及温度等参数进行分析,探讨了添加不同营养盐对该实验海区浮游植物生长的影响。结果表明,N的添加会引起浮游植物的快速爆发,而单独添加Fe并不能刺激浮游植物快速生长,N、P联合作用对浮游植物生长的影响远远大于单独N的作用。另外,在实验海区浮游植物优先利用海水中的硝酸盐,在硝酸根耗尽后,海水中可被利用的P会促进浮游植物的生长。实验过程中水体N/P比值的变化同叶绿素a浓度以及浮游植物生长速度(R)没有可对比性,而且N/P比值与后两者之间的相关性都差,所以认为水体中N/P比值并不能单独决定浮游植物生长。此外,实验水体温度同Chl-a浓度和R值之间相关性分析表明,水体温度虽对浮游植物生长有重要作用,但不能控制浮游植物生长。 相似文献
16.
Eight common red tide species including the Dinoflagellates Alexcandrium tamarense,Prorocentrum minimum , Prorocentrum mican , Diatoms Skeletonema costatum , Cerataulina pelag-ica, Leptocylindrus minimus, a Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and a Chrysophyte Isochrysis galbana were chosen to study the effect of four nitrogen substrates (NO_3 - N, NH_4 - N, Urea - N, Mixed - N) on the growth of these algae. After two transfers, the results showed that at N concentration of 550 μmol,, NO_3 - N was the best nitrogen source among these four nitrogen substrates; Urea - N and Mixed - N were also good for the growth of most algae, but not as good as NO_3 - N for some species; NH_4 - N inhibited the growth of all these species except H. akashiwo. At concentrations of 280 and 50 μmol experiments on the growth of I. galbana , P. minimum and L. minimus in NH_4 - N and NO_3 - N substrates were also performed. The results showed that the growth rates of I. galbana were not significantly different from each other in 相似文献
17.
--Eight common red tide species including the Dinoflagellates Ale randrium tamarense,Prorocentrum minimum, Prorocentrum mican, Diatoms Skeletonema costatum , Cerataulina pelagica, Leptocylindrus minimus, a Raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo and a Chrysophyte Ivohrysis galbana were chosen to study the effect of four nitrogen substrates ( NO3 - N, NH4 - N, Urea - N,Mixed - N) on the growth of these algae. After two transfers, the results showed that at N concentration of 550μrnol, NO3 N was the best nitrogen source among these four nitrogen substrates; Urea - N and Mixed- N were also good for the growth of most algae, but not as good as NO3 - N for some species; NH4 - N inhibited the growth of all these species except H. akashiwo. At concentrations of 280 and 50 μmnol experiments on the growth of I. galbana, P. minimum and L. minimus in NH4 - N and NO3 - N substrates were also performed. The results showed that the growth rates of I. galbana were not significantly different from each other in NO3 - N and NH4 - N substrates both concentrations of 280 and 50 μmol. In concentration of 280μmol NH4 - N substrate, the growth rates of P.minimum and L. minimus were slower than in same concentration of NO3 - N; At concentration of 50μrmol , the growth rate of P. minimum in NH4 - N was not significantly different from that in NO3 - N, while the growth rate of L. minimus was only about 30% of that in NO3 - N substrate.The results indicated that each alga had its own preference in N-substrate and concentration, therefore,different nitrogen substrates may play a role in red tide formation. 相似文献
18.
Susumu Yamochi 《Journal of Oceanography》1983,39(6):310-316
Growth-limiting nutrients of the red tide flagellateHeterosigma akashiwo in Osaka Bay, the Seto Inland Sea, were examined using the method of algal growth potential. The growth yield ofH. akashiwo was enhanced by addition of chelated iron to filtered seawater, but not by the addition of nitrogen, phosphorus or vitamins. An areal survey conducted in June 1981 demonstrated that the concentration of soluble iron in the surface seawater was highest in the southeastern part of Osaka Bay where salinity was less than 30‰ and iron was correlated with the concentration ofH. akashiwo. Increased supply of chelated iron caused by the increase in river runoff during the rainy season is a crucial factor involved in outbreaks ofH. akashiwo red tides in Osaka Bay. 相似文献
19.
The concentration and partition ratio of various speciations of nutrients in domestic sewage were determined. The transformation and transportation among the speciations, as well as their biological effects during sewage-seawater mixing were simulated in laboratory. The results are compared with field observation and the following findings are: i) The suitable range of ratio DIN/DIP in seawater for growth of phytoplankton in subtropical estuary and harbor is quite wide. It could grow well even in the range of 15-55 in atom ratio, and is independ of the variation in levels of N and P. ii) The transformation rate among the speciations of phosphorus is within the range of 0. 5 to 1. 1 μmol/d . iii) Phytoplankton uptakes P prior to N during its growth. The growth rate for Skeletonema costatum (the major species) and field algae are 0. 34-0. 58/d and 0. 30-0. 31/d, respectively. iv) The red tide species Prorocentrum micans could become the dominant species to a density 107 cells/L after Skeletonema costatum 相似文献