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1.
几种单胞藻对婆罗异剑水蚤群体增殖的影响   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
研究了不同浓度的三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)和不同种单胞藻单独喂养 及混合喂养对婆罗异剑水蚤 Apocyclops borneoensis群体增殖的影响。经10d的培养,初步得 出:三角褐指藻对婆罗异剑水蚤适宜的浓度为20×10~4~50×10~4cell/ml;在4种单胞藻中, 等鞭金藻(Isochrysis sp.)效果最好,扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica)次之,小球藻(Chlorella sp.)最 差;几种单胞藻混合喂养婆罗异剑水蚤,其群体增殖效果总体上比单种藻类喂养来得显著。 还就不同浓度的藻类及不同种藻类单独或混合喂养对婆罗异剑水蚤群体增殖的影响进行 讨论。  相似文献   

2.
扁藻在对虾育苗中的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
对虾蚤状幼体期,幼体以食植物活性饵料为主,许多地方,以三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin)和新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closteium)为主,这虽然适合幼体摄食,但因不适合于20℃以上水温生长繁殖,投喂后适应环境能力差,易下沉死亡,败坏水质。扁藻(Platymonas spp.)是一种绿藻,适盐、温范围广,与其他藻类相比,繁殖速度快,适应能力强,不易死亡,要求温度与育苗水温相近,是水产养殖幼体的理想饵料之一。牟平县林北盐场于1992年,1993年…  相似文献   

3.
1合理控制单胞藻培育水体与育苗水体之比例1.1亲贝促熟培养时期在亲贝蓄养时,饵料培养水体应为亲贝培育水体1倍以上,才能满足其需求,后期为1.2~1.5倍,开始为0.8倍。1.2幼虫时期一般单胞藻水体为育苗水体的1/2,前期低些,投附着基后高些。2贝类不同发育期选择不同的单胞藻2.1亲贝培育阶段应选择繁殖快,易培养,对亲贝发育有利的种类,如新月菱形藻(Nitzschiaclosteium)、三角褐指藻(Phaecdactylum tricornutumBohlin),等鞭藻3011(Isochry…  相似文献   

4.
不同的营养盐浓度对三角褐指藻生长的影响   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
在温度为22±1℃,盐度为28的条件下,用不同的营养盐浓度对青岛海洋大学微藻种质库保存的三角褐指藻Phaeodactylumtricornutum进行培养。实验结果表明,相对生长率最高的最优水平组合为:硝酸钠浓度为150mg/L,磷酸二氢钠浓度为35.2mg/L,硅酸钠浓度为240mg/L,微量元素浓度为f/2培养基中微量元素浓度。经过7天的培养,细胞最高密度可达4968.75cell/mL。  相似文献   

5.
研究了砷对近岸水中三角褐指藻和叉边金藻的毒性,其阈值分别为10^-4.1mol/dm^3和10^-4.9mol/dm^3。根据活性点模式计算砷与两藻的结合常数为692.5和989.7。砷对叉边金藻的毒性作用不受磷酸盐浓度影响;砷对三角褐指藻的毒作用随磷酸盐浓度降低而受到抑制。  相似文献   

6.
为探明三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)对抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)是否具有化感作用,本研究以三角褐指藻和抑食金球藻为实验材料,研究了抑食金球藻在单培养和共培养条件下的生长情况及三角褐指藻培养滤液对其生长和叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:三角褐指藻对抑食金球藻有明显的化感抑制作用。在单培养体系中,抑食金球藻的生长曲线可用逻辑斯谛增长模型拟合,随着起始密度的增加,环境容量(K)逐渐减小,而抑食金球藻的种群瞬间增长率(r)、进入拐点时间及稳定期细胞密度均较为接近;当三角褐指藻与抑食金球藻以不同起始密度比共同培养时,抑食金球藻的生长均受到了显著地抑制(P<0.05),但其抑制作用并未与三角褐指藻的密度呈明显的线性关系;滤液培养实验发现,10 mL和15 mL三角褐指藻培养滤液的加入可对抑食金球藻的生长产生显著影响(P<0.05),对其叶绿素荧光参数没有影响(P>0.05),25 mL和35 mL三角褐指藻培养滤液的加入可对抑食金球藻的生长和叶绿素荧光参数均产生显著的抑制作用(P<0.05),叶绿素荧光参数Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、alpha的值降低,Ik的值增加,PSⅡ受到损害。  相似文献   

7.
4种海洋微藻对久效磷的抗性与其抗氧化能力的相关性   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
于1994年8月-1995年12月,动用生态毒理学和生物化学实验方法,选用扁藻、叉鞭金藻、三角褐指藻及盐藻4种海洋微藻为材料进行海洋微藻对效磷的抗性与抗氧化能力相关性的实验。结果表明,久效磷在协迫过程中,微藻细胞内产生了过量的对细胞有伤害作用的活性氧,4种海洋微藻细胞内活性氧清除酶-超氧化物歧化酶的活性高低依次为盐〉三角褐指藻〉叉鞭金藻〉扁藻。比较毒性实验证明:4种海洋微藻对久效磷的基本身抗氧化能  相似文献   

8.
温度和光照对三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素含量的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
岩藻黄素(fucoxanthin)是一种特殊的类胡萝卜素,具有许多显著的功效和很高的应用价值。三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)是一种海洋硅藻,是一种可用于提取岩藻黄素的合适材料。作者以三角褐指藻的生物量、光合活性和岩藻黄素含量为指标,研究了不同的温度(20℃、25℃、30℃)、不同的光照强度(12800 lx、7200 lx、4000 lx)和不同光质(红光、蓝光、绿光)对三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素含量的影响。实验结果表明,25℃对三角褐指藻的生长没有影响,但提高了岩藻黄素的含量,30℃对三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素积累均有抑制现象;12800 lx、7200 lx的光照强度都可促进三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素含量的升高,其中,7200 lx的光照强度对三角褐指藻的生长及岩藻黄素含量的提高更加显著;红光条件可促进三角褐指藻的生长和提高三角褐指藻的岩藻黄素含量,而绿光和蓝光抑制三角褐指藻的生长,并导致三角褐指藻的岩藻黄素含量降低。因此,25℃、7200 lx和红光的培养条件是三角褐指藻生长和岩藻黄素积累的最适宜条件。  相似文献   

9.
海洋微藻除菌及降菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点比较   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
林伟  刘秀云 《海洋与湖沼》2000,31(6):647-652
于1995年4-12月在中国科学院海洋研究所进行微藻除菌及比较除菌与自然带菌微藻生长特点的研究,经平板培养排除霉菌后,利用组合抗生素(青霉素+卡那霉素+链霉素+庆大霉素)获得除菌球等鞭金藻,三角褐指藻及小球藻,对抗生素处理前后的微藻生长特点进行比较研究,结果表明,与未除菌时相比,除菌后的球等鞭金藻及小球藻不易老化(可保持良好悬浮30d以上);回加细菌于除菌藻,藻细胞下沉附底,说明细菌可促使微藻细胞老化。无维生素时,除菌后的球等鞭金藻细胞形态发生一定变化,回加细胞后藻细胞形态有部分恢复,与未除菌时相比,除菌后三角褐指藻更能面受高温(如30℃),另外,某些抗生素能够刺激球等鞭金藻的生长。  相似文献   

10.
张展  孙松  李捷  陶振铖 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(6):612-618
研究6种饵料微藻:微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)、小球藻(Chlorella.sp)、球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)、亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subordi-formis)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)对双刺纺锤水蚤(Acartia bifilosa)雌体繁殖的影响,以探索适合培养双刺纺锤水蚤的藻类。应用解剖镜下计数方法对雌体存活率、产卵率、孵化率、排粪率几个指标进行检测。结果表明微绿球藻、小球藻和球等鞭金藻明显不适于用作雌体饵料;中肋骨条藻组产卵率最高,亚心形扁藻和三角褐指藻组的产卵率没有显著差异;亚心形扁藻组的排粪率明显低于中肋骨条藻和三角褐指藻组;摄食三角褐指藻的雌体所产的卵其平均孵化率要显著低于亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻;亚心形扁藻组雌体的产卵率尽管较中肋骨条藻组低,但却保持最高的雌体存活率,而且排粪率也要比中肋骨条藻低得多。综合比较得出结论:6种饵料微藻中,亚心形扁藻和中肋骨条藻是两种最适宜培养双刺纺锤水蚤雌体的优良饵料,二者混合使用效果会更好。  相似文献   

11.
一种提高粘土矿物去除赤潮生物能力的新方法   总被引:36,自引:7,他引:36  
在研究粘土颗粒与赤潮生物絮凝作用的基础上,建立了粘土表面改性对其絮凝作用影响的理论模型,认为改变粘土颗粒的表面性质提高其去除赤潮生物能力的主要途径,提出在粘土中引入PACS(聚羟基氯化铝)的改性方法。结果表明,对于微型原甲藻(Proro-centrum minimun)体系,粘土中引入微量PACS后,其去除率达90%以上的高岭土用量由原来的2g/L降至0.1g/L,去除效率提高近20倍。考察了PA  相似文献   

12.
The growth and interspecies competition of two red tide algal species Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal and Gymnodinium sp.were studied under different concentration ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus,and the algal batch culture experiments were conducted.The physiological and biochemical indexes were measured periodically,including the maximum comparing growth rate,relative growth rate,average double time and chlorophyll a concentration.The results showed that when the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 16:1,the maximum comparing growth rate,relative growth rate and chlorophyll a concentration of Thalassiosira pseudonana all reached the highest,and average double time was the shortest.This implied that the optimal concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of Thalassiosira pseudonana is 16:1.When the concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus was 6:1,the maximum comparing growth rate,relative growth rate and the chlorophyll a concentration of Gymnodinium sp.reached the highest,and average double time was the shortest,so the optimal concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of Gymnodinium sp.is 6:1.From the growth curves as indicated both in the cell density and the chlorophyll a concentration,it is suggested that the influence of concentration ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus on the chlorophyll a concentration and the cell density are almost the same.Different concentration ratios of nitrogen to phosphorus had weak influence on community succession and the competition between the two algae.Gymnodinium sp.may use the phosphorus in vivo for growth,so it is important to pay attention to the concealment of phosphorus,in order to avoid the outbreak of red tide.On the basis of the importance of nitrogen and phosphorus and the ratio of their concentration,the possible outbreak mechanism of red tide of the two algae was also discussed.  相似文献   

13.
本文报道了1989年8~9月河北省黄骅市沿海一带由裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)引起的赤潮水质的监测结果。阐述了此次赤潮的基本特征及其与环境的关系。讨论了赤潮的成因及对策。  相似文献   

14.
福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
许翠娅  黄美珍  杜琦 《台湾海峡》2010,29(3):434-441
福建沿岸海域是中国的赤潮多发海区之一.据统计,1962~2008年间,福建沿岸海域共发生赤潮180起以上,潜在的赤潮生物有124种,已经引发过赤潮的种类有27种.本文对中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、角毛藻(Chaetocerosspp.)、夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、东海原甲藻(Proro-centrum donghaiense)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium spp.)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)等福建沿岸海域主要赤潮生物的生态学特征和发生原因进行了分析和探讨,评述了福建沿岸海域赤潮发生的特点.福建沿岸海域引发赤潮频率最高的赤潮生物是夜光藻,米氏凯伦藻造成的水产养殖损失最大.其赤潮多发季节在春夏季的4~7月.其赤潮多发区主要分布在3个区域:宁德沿岸海域(以四礵列岛为中心)、厦门西港海域和平潭沿岸海域.对福建沿岸海域几种主要赤潮生物的研究表明,赤潮的发生与水温、盐度、气象、水动力、营养盐等环境条件密切相关.  相似文献   

15.
甲藻赤潮与水体中营养盐的关系初探   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
林昱 《台湾海峡》2001,20(1):77-79
作者在国家海洋局第三海洋研究所的陆基水池中,应用围隔实验技术,排除了水动力、盐度等环境因子的变动性的干扰,人工诱发甲藻赤潮.在这个围隔实验的两个围隔体中,分别发生了一种裸甲藻(Gymnodinium sp.)和海洋原甲藻(Prorocentum micans)的赤潮.在赤潮发生和发展过程中所监测到的营养盐数据表明有些甲藻增殖不一定需要水体中高营养盐;营养盐供给的多寡会导致甲藻赤潮优势种的差异和赤潮规模.  相似文献   

16.
粘土矿物去除赤潮生物的动力学研究   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12  
于1992年4-9月进行粘土矿的絮凝赤潮生物(微型原甲藻)的动力学研究;考察粘土种类、浓度、第二组分(PACS)和PH等因素对絮凝速率的影响,建立粘土矿物絮凝赤潮生物的动力学模型,从理论上分析和讨论各种因素的影响,并提出提高絮凝速率的方法和途径。结果表明,高岭土体系絮凝速率大于蒙脱土体系,其速率方程可用双分子反应来描述。其中,速率常数随絮凝过程发生变化;粒子间的相互作用能和作用半径是控制和影响絮凝  相似文献   

17.
有害赤潮对海洋生态环境和沿海经济危害巨大,如何安全、有效地治理有害赤潮非常重要。文章考察了几种常见芽孢杆菌对近海典型赤潮生物——东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)的去除作用,发现解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)对其去除作用最强。进一步考察解淀粉芽孢杆菌对不同赤潮生物的去除作用,发现该芽孢杆菌对米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)的去除作用高于东海原甲藻。在此基础上,将解淀粉芽孢杆菌与高岭土复合,研究了微生物复合粘土对典型赤潮生物的去除效果。结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌与高岭土复合后,能够有效促进该菌的生长,进而提升了其对赤潮生物的去除能力。文章对芽孢杆菌及其复合粘土去除赤潮生物的机制进行了分析和探讨,为进一步发展和优化改性粘土治理赤潮技术体系提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

18.
海洋底栖甲藻的浮游行为特征研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究了日本濑户内海屋岛湾沙质海滩底栖甲藻中具有底栖-浮游兼性行为的种类及其浮游行为特征。发现具有游游兼性特征的有8种,分别是Amphidinium carterae,A.klebsii,A.herdmanae,Gymnodinium sp1,G.pyrenoidosum,Peridinium quinquecorne,Prorocentrum emarginatum和Pror.sp1,几乎全是该潮间带底栖甲藻的优势种,占水样中甲藻种数的11.6%,个体数占海水样品中甲藻总个体密度的0-51.3%,具有明显的季节性,当这些种类在沉积物样品中数量较少时,在海水样品中就极少出现,具有随潮汐变化的行为特征。研究表明这些种类是真底栖种,浮游生活只是其兼性行为特征,是长期进化和对潮间带特殊环境适应的结果,本文还探讨了底栖甲藻的浮游习性及其与内湾近岩赤潮的关系和可能产生的影响。  相似文献   

19.
The cause of red tides appearing in neritic waters in Japan have been discussed by several workers in relation to the development of eutrophication. The author has been engaged in marine environmental studies on outbreaks of red tides, mainly, in the Seto Inland Sea since 1964 using a combination of the following approaches:
  1. surveys of the red tides that have occurred,
  2. elucidation of the oceanographical and biological characters of the water areas where red tides occur,
  3. isolation of the red tide organisms for physiological studies of their growth,
  4. chemical and biological assays of the growth promoting factors, and
  5. estimation of the effects of pollutants on the growth of the red tide organisms.
The red tide organisms surveyed wereEutreptiella sp. (Euglenophyceae),Dictyocha fibura (Chrysophyceae),Chattonella marina, C. antiqua, Fibrocapsa japonica, Heterosigma akashiwo (Chloromonadophyceae),Prorocentrum minimum, P. triestinum, Gymnodinium mikimotoi, G. nelsoni, Gymnodinium type '65,Noctiluca miliaris, Protogonyaulax catenella, Gonyaulax polygramma, Peridinium quinquecorne (Dinophyceae) andMesodinium rubrum (Ciliata). Most of these species were isolated and cultured for physiological studies. Algal growth potential in sea water was assayed in Hiuchi Nada and Beppu Bay. Growth promoting activity was found in sea water about 2km off shore from the industrial zone which locates along the coast of Beppu Bay. The effects of industrial wastes were examined forEutreptiella sp.,Heterosigma akashiwo andProrocentrum triestinum. Sulfite pulp waste caused marked promotion of growth in these organisms. The growth promoting activity of the waste was elucidated by chelation of the waste with iron. After the oil spill which occurred at Mizushima Bay in 1974, a heavy red tide ofNoctiluca miliaris appeared, followed byProrocentrum minimum. Polycyclic and polar fractions in heavy oil separated by chromatography were suspected to be the growth promoting substances. Natural growth promoting chemicals, uracil and thymine, were found in interstitial water of bottom mud of Beppu Bay in concentrations of 58–120, and 28–83?g per 100 g dry mud, respectively. The mechanism of fish kills caused by red tides was another subject of study.  相似文献   

20.
Extensive bloom of red tide, accompanying mass mortality of fish and the other animals, occurred in Bingo-Nada, the Seto Inland Sea, in August, 1970. Two species of microorganisms,Eutreptiella sp. andExuviaella sp., were isolated from the water and were obtained in axenic culture by micropipette washings.These organisms are stimulated by trace metals. The highest growth resulted from the addition of chelated Fe (<3 mg/l) or/and Mn (<2 mg/l) to enriched sea water. The organisms prefer low salinity. The optimal salinities are Cl 8.0–17.0 forEutreptiella sp., Cl >11.0 forExuviaella sp. respectively. These organisms can tolerate a wide range of pH.Exuviaella sp. needs vitamin B12 for growth. The pattern of specificity toward B12 analogues2) is similar to that ofEuglena gracilis. On the other hand,Eutreptiella sp. requires B12, biotin, and thiamine. The B12 specificity fits toEscherichia coli. Both organisms prefer NH4-N in lower concentrations than 1 mg/l (optimal 0.3 mg/l) as nitrogen sources.Exuviaella sp. also likes urea. Inorganic and organic phosphates are utilized by the organisms:Eutreptiella sp. utilizes Na2-glycerophosphate, guanylic acid,Exuviaella sp. utilizes Na2-glycerophosphate, adenylic acid. KH2PO4 is the most favorable to the growth of both organisms. All the purines, pyrimidines, plant hormones tested increase the growth ofExuviaella sp. Especially, guanine, xanthine, thymine, indoleacetic acid, and gibberellic acid promote the growth remarkably.These organisms do not grow to high densities without Fe or/and Mn in high concentrations even under the conditions provided by optimal temperature, salinities, pH, and essential nutrients. On the other hand, the coastal area of Fukuyama where the red tide first occurred has been fertilized with the nutrients essential to the organisms, and also polluted with trace metals such as Fe (Iwasaki, Inoue unpublished data). From these results, it can be considered that the great increase of the organisms is caused principally by the high concentration of iron in the sea water.  相似文献   

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