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厦门港表层沉积物对海水中铅的吸附动力学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
模拟研究厦门港表层沉积物对海水中Ｐｂ的吸附动力学及水环境条件的影响,当海水温度由２０－３０℃、ＰＨ５－８和盐度３０－４变化时,吸附速率分别提高约５０％、、个数量和５倍。吸附速率与盐度之间呈负指数相关关系。吸附过程可用交换吸附动力学模式描述。测定吸附速率常数、表观活化能和平衡吸附量等参数研究表明,沉积物对Ｐｂ的吸附性质以华东作用为主。 相似文献
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黄河口磷酸盐缓冲机制的探讨 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
以黄河口为研究对象,通过对温度、盐度、平衡时间、县浮物含量等模拟河口现场条件,对黄河口磷酸盐的缓冲机制进行了探讨,黄河口悬浮行对磷酸盐的吸附和解吸一般在４－５ｈ后就已趋于平衡;随着水体悬浮物含量的增加,对磷酸盐的吸附－解吸量呈指数形式下降,粒度减小使吸附量－解吸量呈指数形式增加,盐度对解吸量的影响程度大于吸附量,最大附和最小解吸出现在低盐度区;温度对吸附－解吸平衡的影响较大,随温度升高吸附量和解吸 相似文献
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以苯酚为研究对象，系统地研究了其在南海沉积物上的吸附行为。实验中作者利用紫外可见分光光度计测定苯酚在沉积物上吸附前后的浓度变化，从而可以根据平衡浓度(Ce)和吸附在沉积物上的量(Cs)的关系来推测苯酚在沉积物上的吸附机理。研究表明，苯酚在海洋沉积物上的吸附行为可以同时很好地用Freundlich型、Langmuir型和线型三种吸附等温式来描述，这说明其吸附行为比较复杂。另外，通过改变吸附条件发现苯酚吸附行为受沉积物有机质的含量、介质的盐度、温度、酸度等因素的影响，并且饱和吸附量随着沉积物有机质含量、介质盐度和酸度的升高而增大，随着温度的升高而减小。 相似文献
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黄河口磷酸盐缓冲机制的探讨──Ⅰ.黄河口悬浮物对磷酸盐的吸附-解吸研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以黄河口为研究对象,通过对温度、盐度、平衡时间、悬浮物含量等模拟河口现场条件,对黄河口磷酸盐的缓冲机制进行了探讨。黄河口悬浮物对磷酸盐的吸附和解吸一般在4－5h后就已趋于平衡;随着水体悬浮物含量的增加,对磷酸盐的吸附-解吸量呈指数形式下降,粒度减小使吸附量-解吸量呈指数形式增加;盐度对解吸量的影响程度大于吸附量,最大吸附和最小解吸出现在低盐度区;温度对吸附-解吸平衡的影响较大,随温度升高吸附量和解吸量均呈线性关系增加,且平衡时间有所延长。 相似文献
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为跟踪2004年6月19日至7月13日实施的黄河第三次调水调沙工程,2004年7月21日于东营胜利黄河大桥站位采集水样。对黄河下游悬浮物浓度、粒度分布进行了分析。结果表明,当天本站位悬浮物质量浓度为1.43 g/L,悬浮颗粒物粒度在63μm以下部分累积分布占99.3%。作者模拟汛期黄河下游河水的悬浮物浓度、年平均水温及pH,研究悬浮物对重金属Cu2 的吸附规律,并探讨了悬浮物浓度及盐度对吸附的影响。Cu2 在水体中会由于水解、絮凝、沉淀、络和等损失一部分,在研究吸附时对此部分进行了扣除。水体悬浮颗粒物对重金属Cu2 的吸附等温线吸附符合Langmuir方程。随悬浮物浓度的增加,其对Cu2 的吸附容量增大,吸附量减小。悬浮物浓度、pH一定时,在盐度为0~5时,吸附量随盐度的升高而迅速降低,当盐度在5~25时,吸附量基本不变。 相似文献
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长江口潮滩表层沉积物对NH4+-N的吸附特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
沉积物对NH4+-N的吸附是氮素生物地球化学循环的关键过程之一,它在河口潮滩生态系统内氮素循环过程中起着非常重要的作用.以长江口滨岸潮滩为研究区域,运用实验模拟的方法,研究了沉积物对NH4+-N的吸附特征,结果表明,在长江口潮滩上覆水和孔隙水中NH4+-N含量的变化范围内,沉积物对NH4+-N的吸附呈线性变化;研究区域内沉积物对NH4+-N的吸附系数为3.81~9.00,且与沉积物中有机碳(TOC)含量有良好的相关关系,它揭示了有机质控制着长江口潮滩沉积物中NH4+-N的吸附行为.实验模拟与实测结果对比发现,在潮滩自然环境条件下,研究区域内沉积物对NH4+-N的吸附处在非热力学平衡状态过程中.盐度是影响NH4+-N吸附过程的重要环境因子,且导数方程关系式在低盐度范围内,盐度的微小变化对NH4+-N的吸附有显著的影响. 相似文献
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为研究多环芳烃从河口到近海的环境归趋行为与生态风险,考察了沉积物质量浓度、溶解性有机质、温度、盐度4种典型环境因子对菲在黄河口沉积物上吸附的影响,比较了黄河口与近海两种沉积物对菲的吸附性能。研究结果表明,沉积物质量浓度越低,单位质量颗粒物的菲吸附量越高;共存的溶解性有机质对菲的吸附具有增促作用,且腐殖酸比黄腐酸的作用更显著;温度的升高不利于菲的吸附,而盐度的增加有利于菲的吸附。菲在沉积物上的吸附是分配作用与表面吸附两种行为的耦合,其中黄河口沉积物以表面吸附为主,而近海沉积物以分配作用为主。近海沉积物菲吸附量显著高于黄河口沉积物菲吸附量。基于此,菲从河口到近海的迁移过程中,更易于在沉积物表面发生吸附沉降,从而可能降低水相中的生态危害,但对近海底栖生物具有潜在的健康生态风险。 相似文献
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人工海水介质中CTAB在胶州湾沉积物上的吸附动力学和热力学行为 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了人工海水介质中,阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)在胶州湾沉积物上的吸附动力学和热力学行为。结果表明:沉积物对CTAB的吸附动力学过程可以用伪二级模型进行较好的描述,拟合所得吸附速率常数k2随CTAB的初始浓度和温度的升高而增大。CTAB在沉积物上的吸附等温线可用Freundlich等温式来描述,而蒸馏水介质中,CTAB的吸附表现出两段特征。沉积物的吸附能力随着介质离子强度的增加而增大。计算得到的吸附活化能Ea以及热力学参数ΔH0、ΔS0和ΔG0表明CTAB在海洋沉积物上的吸附为物理吸附,是一个自发、放热、熵增加的过程。 相似文献
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用批量平衡实验法研究了腐殖酸(Humic acid,HA)在4种矿物蒙脱石、高岭石、针铁矿和水锰矿上的吸附。Freundlich和Langmuir模型都可以很好地描述吸附行为。矿物对腐殖酸的吸附能力顺序为:针铁矿水锰矿蒙脱石高岭石。增大盐度有利于促进吸附,但溶解有机质对吸附影响很小。腐殖酸在蒙脱石、高岭石和水锰矿3种矿物上的吸附随溶液pH值的升高而减少,而在针铁矿上的吸附只有当pH值高于7时才逐渐降低。腐殖酸在矿物表面上的作用机制最可能是疏水作用和氢键作用。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献