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延庆五里营井逸出气体中主要组分是N2,微量组分含有He,CH4,Rn,CO2,Ar等.N2/Ar值为46.3,3 He/4 He为2.4 Ra,说明井热水中有深部幔源组分的加入;CH4含量为2.2％,CO2(TCD)为4.9 mg/L,显示了强还原环境下的热水释放活动,这与延怀盆地微量气体以还原性气体释放为主的气体背景场相符.五里营井气体释放更倾向于是热储库型气体释放而非断裂型释放,这可通过氦气动态观测及2次大震前后流体前兆氦气浓度异常释放得到体现.热储库型气体释放中深部气体上升进入热储并改变整个热储组成的时间较断裂型晚,消失的时间也会晚得多,这与处于八宝山断裂带的大灰场井氦气释放特征存在明显差异.五里营井气体释放特征与该区域地质、地球物理特征相符. 相似文献
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冲绳海槽活动热水成矿系统的氦同位素组成:幔源氦证据 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
冲绳海槽长英质火山岩的3He 4He比值 (R)为 5 3～ 8 7RA(RA 为大气的3He 4He比值 1 4× 10 - 6 ) ,显著不同于壳源花岗岩和壳源长英质火山岩 ,而接近于MORB和弧安山岩 ,揭示长英质岩浆系玄武质岩浆派生产物 ,后者来自受俯冲带组分混染的楔形地幔 .海底下部热水成矿系统具有极高的3He 4He比值 ,最下部浸染 脉状硫化物R RA 变化于 12 3～ 2 9 3之间 ,块状硫化物该比值介于 10 7～ 17 9之间 .3He极大富集可能与地幔热柱作用有关 ,反映了深部地幔氦的贡献 .上部热水成矿系统及其产物的R RA 变化于 2 6～ 8 0之间 ,黑烟囱流体该比值为 6 5 ,CO2 流体该比值为 5 8～ 6 6,重晶石为该比值 4 3～ 6 0 .硫化物烟囱显示R RA 分带 ,自内而外R RA 值降低 ( 8 0→ 6 0→ 2 6) ,证明上部热水成矿系统仍有地幔氦注入 ,但因热水流体与海水的大量混合而被稀释 . 相似文献
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气体地球化学监测结果显示,2002—2003年地幔来源CO2、He和CH4的含量出现明显的异常变化;2003年火山区深断裂型泉群逸出气体He的3He/4He比值都出现了异常升高,2004年该比值明显降低。热储型长白聚龙泉群逸出He中3He/4He比值2003年上升缓慢,2004年持续上升,其中逸出He中幔源He含量在2004年明显增加。2002—2004年天池火山区逸出气体及其He同位素异常变化与该区地震活动呈一定的对应关系,其中锦江泉群在2004年下半年地震活动趋势减弱后,异常明显减弱;而长白聚龙泉群在地震活动减弱后,异常反而明显增加,显示热储型泉群岩浆来源气体异常释放明显滞后于深断裂型泉点。上述异常特征对识别和判定火山区深部岩浆异常活动及预测未来火山地震可能有重要意义 相似文献
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文章概述了汕头东山湖高热水化学观测井的地质、水文地质等环境条件，并据实测资料分析认为，该井是震兆反映较灵敏的进中孔，其水化学灵敏震兆组分为Cl^-、HCO3^-、He、H2等多项组分。 相似文献
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秦岭北缘断裂带温泉水渗流特征与地震活动水平研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
前人对秦岭北缘断裂带出露温泉水的氢氧同位素、He同位素和SiO2含量进行了计算,得到了温泉水的热储温度和循环深度。在此基础上,运用温度场作用下的热水垂向运移数学模型演算了循环深度和断层带渗透性之间的关系。根据1970～2008年的区域台网资料,对断裂带进行了分段地震活动多参数组合方法分析,并结合历史中强地震(公元前781年～公元2008年)的空间分布特点,分析总结了断层带不同区段渗透特征和地震活动的关系。最后对秦岭北缘断裂带的渗透性成因进行了解释。 相似文献
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小江断裂带属现今仍在活动的断裂,同时也是一条破坏性地震多发带。为探究特定地区的地球化学场与地震的耦合关系,寻找特定的前兆观测组分,笔者选取并计算了小江断裂带及邻近地区的95处温泉的热储温度。利用温泉的水化学数据(K+、Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO2-4、Cl-、HCO-3),结合该区域的构造特征及地震活动规律,对温泉的水化学、水温、热储温度、稳定同位素(δ13C,3He/4He)等地球化学特征进行了研究。结果表明温泉中主要离子含量、TDS含量、水温及热储温度的高值区域在空间上主要沿小江断裂带展布,且呈北高南低的分布特征。水温和热储温度高值区内中强地震(M≥4.7)分布少;相反,低值区内中强震活动频繁,且强度相对较大。碳、氦同位素特征显示,CO2气体的碳同位素(δ13C)组成具有明显的生物成因特征;幔源氦(百分含量)同素所占比例相对较低,表明小江断裂带中南段壳幔连通程度低,脱气作用几乎都发生在地壳范围。 相似文献
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月球表面月壤中~3He含量分布的定量估算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
太阳风注入月球表面月壤层的3He是一种可供人类使用的潜在月球资源.月壤中3He含量主要与太阳风通量、月壤成熟度以及月壤中TiO2含量等主要因素有关.根据受地球磁尾影响的太阳风通量模型,给出了月球表面太阳风通量随经纬度的分布.根据Clementine(克莱门汀)的紫外-可见光光学数据,计算了整个月球表面月壤光学成熟度(OMAT,Optical Maturity)以及月壤中TiO2含量的分布.在此基础之上,根据Apollo(阿波罗)月壤样品的测量结果,给出月壤表层3He含量与月表归一化太阳风通量、月壤光学成熟度以及TiO2含量之间的关系,并由此计算了整个月球表面月壤表层3He含量的分布.根据Apollo测量数据,以月球表面数字高程经验性构造的月壤厚度为例,给出了月球表面整个月壤层单位面积内3He含量分布,并估算了整个月球表面月壤层所蕴含的3He的总量. 相似文献
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It is generally believed a variation of 3He/4He isotopic ratios in the mantle is due to only the decay of U and Th,which produces4 He as well as heat.Here we show that not only3He/4He isotopic ratios but also helium contents can be fractionated by thermal diffusion in the lower mantle.The driving force for that fractionation is the adiabatic or convective temperature gradient,which always produces elemental and isotopic fractionation along temperature gradient by thermal diffusion with higher light/heavy isotopic ratio in the hot end.Our theoretical model and calculations indicate that the lower mantle is helium stratified,caused by thermal diffusion due to*400℃temperature contrast across the lower mantle.The highest3He/4He isotopic ratios and lowest He contents are in the lowermost mantle,which is a consequence of thermaldiffusion fractionation rather than the lower mantle is a primordial and undegassed reservoir.Therefore,oceanicisland basalts derived from the deepest lower mantle with high3He/4He isotopic ratios and less He contents—the long-standing helium paradox,is solved by our model.Because vigorous convection in the upper mantle had resulted in disordered or disorganized thermal-diffusion effects in He,Mid-ocean ridge basalts unaffected by mantle plume have a relatively homogenous and lower!3He/4He isotopic compositions.Our model also predicts that 3He/4He isotopic ratios in the deepest lower mantle of early Earth could be even higher than that of Jupiter,the initial He isotopic ratio in our solar system,because the temperature contrast across the lower mantle in the early Earth is the largest and less4 He had been produced by the decay of U and Th.Moreover,the early helium-stratified lower mantle owned the lowest He contents due to over-degassing caused by the largest temperature contrast.Consequently,succeeding evolution of the lower mantle is a He ingassed process due to secular cooling of the deepest mantle.This explains why significant amount of He produced by the decay of U and Th in the lower mantle were not released,another long-standing heat–helium paradox. 相似文献
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Giovanni Chiodini Stefano Caliro Giorgio Caramanna Domenico Granieri Carmine Minopoli Roberto Moretti Lavinia Perotta Guido Ventura 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(4):759-780
The marine sector surrounding Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, South Italy) is affected by widespread submarine emissions
of CO2 -rich gases and thermal water discharges which have been known since the Roman Age. On November 3rd, 2002 an anomalous degassing event affected the area, probably in response to a submarine explosion. The concentrations of
minor reactive gases (CO, CH4 and H2) of samples collected in November and December, 2002 show drastic compositional changes when compared to previous samples
collected from the same area in the 1980s. In particular the samples collected after the November 3rd phenomenon display relative increases in H2 and CO and a strong decrease in the CH4 contents, while other gas species show no significant change. The interaction of the original gas with seawater explains
the variable contents of CO2, H2S, N2, Ar and He which characterize the different samples, but cannot explain the large variations of CO, CH4 and H2 which are instead compatible with changes in the redox, temperature and pressure conditions of the system. Two models, both
implying an increasing input of magmatic fluids are compatible with the observed variations of minor reactive species. In
the first one, the input of magmatic fluids drives the hydrothermal system towards atypical (more oxidizing) redox conditions,
slowly pressurizing the system up to a critical state. In the second one, the hydrothermal system is flashed by the rising
high-T volcanic fluid, suddenly released by a magmatic body at depth. The two models have different implications for volcanic
surveillance and risk assessment: In the first case, the November 3rd event may represent both the culmination of a relatively slow process which caused the overpressurization of the hydrothermal
system and the beginning of a new phase of quiescence. The possible evolution of the second model is unforeseeable because
it is mainly related to the thermal, baric and compositional state of the deep magmatic system that is poorly known. 相似文献
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Geochemistry of Quaternary travertines in the region north of Rome (Italy): structural, hydrologic and paleoclimatic implications 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the Tyrrhenian region of central Italy, late Quaternary fossil travertines are widespread along two major regional structures: the Tiber Valley and the Ancona-Anzio line. The origin and transport of spring waters from which travertines precipitate are elucidated by chemical and isotopic studies of the travertines and associated thermal springs and gas vents. There are consistent differences in the geochemical and isotopic signatures of thermal spring waters, gas vents and present and fossil travertines between east and west of the Tiber Valley. West of the Tiber Valley, δ13C of CO2 discharged from gas vents and δ13C of fossil travertines are higher than those to the east. To the west the travertines have higher strontium contents, and gases emitted from vents have higher 3He/4He ratios and lower N2 contents, than to the east. Fossil travertines to the west have characteristics typical of thermogene (thermal spring) origin, whereas those to the east have meteogene (low-temperature) characteristics (including abundant plant casts and organic impurities). The regional geochemical differences in travertines and fluid compositions across the Tiber Valley are interpreted with a model of regional fluid flow. The regional Mesozoic limestone aquifer is recharged in the main axis of the Apennine chain, and the groundwater flows westward and is discharged at springs. The travertine-precipitating waters east of the Tiber Valley have shallower flow paths than those to the west. Because of the comparatively short fluid flow paths and low (normal) heat flow, the groundwaters to the east of the Tiber Valley are cold and have CO2 isotopic signatures, indicating a significant biogenic contribution acquired from soils in the recharge area and limited deeply derived CO2. In contrast, spring waters west of the Tiber Valley have been conductively heated during transit in these high heat-flow areas and have incorporated a comparatively large quantity of CO2 derived from decarbonation of limestone. The elevated strontium content of the thermal spring water west of the Tiber Valley is attributed to deep circulation and dissolution of a Triassic evaporite unit that is stratigraphically beneath the Mesozoic limestone. U-series age dates of fossil travertines indicate three main periods of travertine formation (ka): 220-240, 120-140 and 60-70. Based on the regional flow model correlating travertine deposition at thermal springs and precipitation in the recharge area, we suggest that pluvial activity was enhanced during these periods. Our study suggests that travertines preserve a valuable record of paleofluid composition and paleoprecipitation and are thus useful for reconstructing paleohydrology and paleoclimate. 相似文献
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Mantle-derived magmatic gas releasing features at the Rehai area, Tengchong county, Yunnan Province, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
This paper deals with the chemical and isotopic compositions of escaped gases from the Rehai geothermal area in Tengchong
county of Yunnan Province. Results indicate that there is the mantle-derived magmatic intrusion in shallow crust at this area.
Modern mantle-derived magmatic volatiles are being released currently in a steady stream by way of active faults. The escaped
gases are mostly composed of CO2, together with subordinate amounts of H2S, N2, H2, CH4, SO2, CO and He. At the studied area, the north-south directed fault is the deepest, and it may be interlinked with the deep-seated
thermal reservoir that would be directly recharged by the mantle-derived magmatic volatile. The He, C isotopic evidence reveals
that the modern active magma beneath Rehai area may originate from the historical mantle-derived magma which caused the latest
eruptive activity of volcanoes in that region. 相似文献
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青海湖热力状况的模拟与未来情景之研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
运用基于湖泊热量收支与湍流扩散的湖泊热力学模型模拟了青海湖近３０年来湖水热力状况,内容包括湖泊水面温度,温度沿深度的垂直分布,冬季结冰与融冰的起迄时间,冰盖厚度;积雪深度与天数等。在此基础上,运用４个ＧＣＭｓ模型输出的ＣＯ２倍增情景下该地区的气候状况,评价了湖泊热力状况在未来的可能变化情况。 相似文献
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中国大陆科学钻探工程主孔地下流体特征及与地震活动的关系初步研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
收集了中国大陆科学钻探主孔工程(CCSD)主孔中117～2045 m深度地下流体某些组分(He、 Ar、 CO2、 CH4)的浓度资料和2001年7月1日至2002年4月30日时间段内钻孔周围500 km范围内震级ML≥1.0地震目录资料, 对其流体资料进行日均值处理、 差分分析和最大相关系数处理。 由日均值浓度看出地震前后He、 Ar、 CO2、 CH4浓度存在明显异常; 最大相关系数分析表明, CH4和CO2组分两者相关性好, 最大相关系数平均值为0.95, 均方差为0.08, 说明两者可能具有相同的来源。 CH4和CO2浓度日均值最大相关系数在地震前后出现明显的异常波动。 主孔中的地下流体特征及与周围地震活动的对应关系揭示大陆科学钻探主孔中的地下流体异常与区内地震活动可能存在一定关系。 相似文献
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Influence of soil properties on active layer thermal propagation along the western Antarctic Peninsula 
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下载免费PDF全文 The rate of energy transfer through soils is an important factor governing the active layer (seasonal thaw layer) in polar regions. Energy is transferred through conductive and convective means, which are primarily influenced by the bulk density and water content of soils. With global temperatures changing, it becomes important to understand how soil properties influence heat transfer and active layer depths in climatically sensitive regions, such as the Antarctic Peninsula. In this study we analyzed conductive energy transfer through several soil types on Amsler Island and Cierva Point in the central region of the western Antarctic Peninsula. Active layer temperatures on Amsler Island were monitored every three hours using iButton thermistors installed at regular depth intervals down to 2 m. Soil textures were loamy to sandy with water contents between 5 and 27%. Freezing and thawing transmission rates for all soils ranged from 1.4 to 6.9 cm/day. Thermal transmission rates were fastest in sandy soils with low water contents, indicating that the large, interconnected pores of the sandy soils facilitated the quick movement of heat with water flow through the soil profile. Snow accumulation differences also played a significant role on winter thermal propagation by providing a thermal barrier between the ground surface and atmosphere. Although there was a wide range in thermal transmission among the soils, active layer depths had little variation (7.8–9.7 m). This consistency derives from the greater dependence of very thick active layers on long‐term climatic conditions rather than on soil properties. The presence of thick moss significantly slowed thermal transmission and decreased active layer thicknesses. These effects primarily are due to the high heat capacity of water and air retained within the moss, slowing thermal transmission rates, acting as a thermal buffer between atmospheric conditions and the underlying soils. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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(U-Th)/He热定年技术是近年来用于沉积盆地热史研究的新技术,目前主要是利用磷灰石和锆石的He年龄来揭示地层的构造抬升和热历史.本文依据塔里木盆地钻井样品的实测磷灰石和锆石(U-Th)/He年龄数据,初步得出了该地区磷灰石(U-Th)/He年龄的封闭温度为85℃,并建立了深度/温度－年龄演化模式;锆石则未达到其较高的封闭温度.综合利用本次实测的He年龄数据结合磷灰石裂变径迹和等效镜质组反射率等古温标,模拟计算了塔里木盆地孔雀1井（KQ1）自奥陶纪末期以来的热历史.模拟结果表明,孔雀1井区奥陶纪末期的地温梯度可达35.5℃/km,志留纪—泥盆纪时期的地温梯度为33.3～34.5℃/km,白垩纪末期地温梯度27.6℃/km左右.因此,(U-Th)/He年龄结合其他古温标综合模拟的方法可以很好地揭示沉积盆地的热历史.特别是该技术为缺乏常规古温标的塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩层系所经受热史的恢复提供了新的方法. 相似文献
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根据五大连池火山区的气体地球化学特征,分析了二氧化碳气的生成条件和成因,对火山区CO_2的泄出量进行了概算。通过一年定点观测,查明了南泉和二龙眼泉各气体组分的动态变化特征,认为南泉氢和氦于1988年2月～4月出现的大幅度异常和附近的小震活动有关 相似文献