共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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海底输油管线是海洋油气田开发的生命线工程,在复杂的海洋环境中易发生破坏.为使管线实现自埋防护,提出用柔性材料代替刚性导流板安装在管线顶部,不仅可以增加阻水面积,加大冲刷深度和范围,而且可以减缓刚性导流板对管线上部水流的扰动强度和尾流涡旋的扰动强度,减小管线的振动.利用力学关系由变形方程推导出海底管线与海底间距离为零以及不为零情况下柔性导流板变形的二次曲面方程和自由端最大挠度.在单向流条件下将不同材料不同长度的柔性导流板安装在管线中轴上方开展试验研究,测量柔性导流板在水流作用下的变形曲面.对比分析利用公式计算柔性导流板的自由端最大挠度和曲面变形数据与试验结果,发现两者吻合较好. 相似文献
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The spoiler is a kind of device to disturb current and promote burying.At present,all submarine pipeline spoilers at home and abroad are parallel spoilers,that is,the plane of the spoiler is parallel to the vertical plane of the pipeline axis.According to the results of indoor experiments,when the pipeline with the forward spoiler is installed perpendicular to the direction of water flow,the spoiler will accelerate the seabed erosion and cause the pipeline to endure downward pressure,which will eventually cause the pipeline self-buried to form a protection.However,when the pipeline direction is consistent with the flow direction,the self-buried behavior and protective effect is vanished.By aiming at the defect that the forward spoiler cannot be self-buried when the direction of the pipeline and the flow are basically parallel,the spoiler burying aid device perpendicular to the pipeline axis has been innovatively developed,and the hydrodynamic changes and sediment erosion characteristics near the pipeline after the installation of the device were studied based on the experiment.Results reveal that although the perpendicular spoiler cannot generate downforce,it can greatly increase the turbulent kinetic energy of the flow and the rate of sediment erosion.The larger the angle between the pipeline axis and the spoiler plane is,the larger the increase in turbulent energy will be.The increase in turbulent energy near the bed surface can reach up about 70%when the angle is 90°,while serious sediment erosion mainly occurs along both sides of the pipeline with a distance of about 2?4 times the pipe diameter.In the future,we can further explore the influence of the perpendicular spoiler size and installation position on the pipeline downforce and the effect of burying promotion.At the same time,field tests on the perpendicular spoiler burying aid device currently developed will conduct to observe the actual effect of perpendicular spoiler promoting pipeline scouring and burying,and improve submarine pipeline safety protection technology. 相似文献
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从管道尾流区泥沙颗粒的受力平衡着手,探讨了管道冲刷的临界压力差。在此基础上,提出了一种防止或减少管道冲刷的新方法,即在管道下方安装柔性阻流器。通过物理模型试验,研究了单向恒定流及规则波作用下,柔性阻流器对管道两侧床面压力、冲刷深度的影响。试验结果表明:柔性阻流器的安装能明显减小管道两侧床面的压力差。在单向恒定流作用下,管道的冲刷深度随阻流器长度的增加而减小;当阻流器达到临界长度时,冲刷消失。规则波时,因阻流器的扰动作用,冲刷深度有所增加;但随阻流器长度的增加,其扰动作用减小,对床面的防护作用增加,因而冲刷深度减小。 相似文献
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1.IntroductionMost of the crude oil producedfromoffshore China has a highcontent of wax,which makesthe oilagglomerate at hightemperature.Heat preservation measures,therefore,must be adopted to maintainthe temperature higher thanthe oil’s pour point,sotha… 相似文献
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海底管道阻流板(Spoiler)自沉埋技术是一种新型管道自埋技术,为深入了解其作用机制及其效果,本文通过分析安装有阻流板的杭州湾海底管道历年检测资料,结合管道附近海域海床、潮流动力特性,深入探讨了阻流板装置在实际工程中的运行效果,分析了其作用机制及其适用条件。研究发现安装阻流板装置的杭州湾海底管道在往复潮流作用下逐渐埋入海床,其埋入段长度由2005年的50%增加到2013年的80%以上,而且平均埋入深度超过2.6 m,自埋效果较好;而在管道路由与海流平行段或管道敷设于抗冲刷强海床上时,阻流板作用不能有效发挥,管道仍然呈现裸露状态。 相似文献
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通过物理模型试验研究水流作用下轴线倾斜海底管道的三维局部冲刷问题。利用超声波探头监测管道下部冲刷沿管轴线方向的扩展过程,分析海底管道三维局部冲刷的动态发展机理。由模型沙的冲蚀试验,建立沙床面剪切应力与泥沙表观侵蚀速率之间的关系式,并引入经验公式对沙床面剪切应力放大系数、泥沙表观侵蚀速率以及远场床面剪切应力之间的关系进行表达。由倾斜管道模型试验,在分析冲刷扩展位置随时间变化数据的基础上,结合上述经验公式以及沙床面剪切应力放大系数与管道埋深的关系,建立轴线倾斜海底管道冲刷扩展速率的预测公式。 相似文献
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Subsea pipelay has a relatively long history. In recent years, there has been a domestic need for the laying of large diameter thin wall pipes. A land-based trial for the large diameter thin wall specimen pipe is described in this paper. Re-gression analysis is performed for the trial data and the formula derived can express the trial data very well. Numerical analysis is adopted to compute various trial conditions. Then the numerical model is revised with the trial results, which are consistent with each other. After summarization of the results of trial and numerical analysis, the characteristics are described of the spatial configuration during the laying of the pipe and it is concluded that the maximum strain appears around the center of the raised pipeline. In the end, a reference Standard, which limits the maximum stress below the yield stress is provided. 相似文献
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在浅水海域,采用单层保温管结构代替双重钢管保温结构具有很好的发展应用前景,但在单层管的铺设过程中管线各层之间和保温层内将产生较大的剪应力,如何防止各层间的错动和保温层材料的剪切破坏是设计所必须解决的两个主要问题。以渤海某油田海底管线建设项目为例,根据单层保温管的结构特点,力的层间传递特性和变形协调条件,建立了单层保温管各层层间剪切力和保温层中剪应力的计算方法,为海底单层保温管的设计提供了依据。 相似文献
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The winding and unwinding of a pipeline onto a large diameter reel as practiced in the reeling installation method, induces bending strains of 1–3% followed by straightening, and reverse bending. The operator must ensure that such plastic deformations are sustained free of local buckling or rupture in the line. Such failures are for example precipitated by pipeline discontinuities in wall thickness and yield stress as they act as stress risers, lead to localized deformations severe enough to result in local buckling. The effect of such discontinuities is studied using a large-scale nonlinear finite element model that simulates the reeling/unreeling of a pipeline. Nonlinear kinematic hardening is used to capture the elasto-plastic behavior of the material imposed by the bending/reverse bending history. Discontinuities in wall thickness and yield stress are shown to result in sharp local changes in curvature that extend over 3–4 pipe diameters accompanied by severe local straining and ovalization. The extent of the disturbance is governed by the bending strain imposed by the ratio of pipe to reel diameter. It can be reduced by an increase in the applied tension but at the expense of additional ovalization of the pipeline. It can also be reduced by increasing the pipe wall thickness but with the consequent increase in costs. A parametric study of the effect of such discontinuities demonstrates that for some combinations of process parameters, the disturbance can lead to local buckling either during winding or unwinding. It is concluded that a modeling framework such as the one presented should be used to generate a design protocol for reel-installed pipelines. 相似文献
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卷管式铺管法在海管铺设中的应用愈发广泛,在铺设作业中管道会发生几何非线性变形,导致出现复杂的力学性能变化。针对管道在上卷、退卷过程中的屈服变化过程,通过弹塑性理论进行分析,推导出管道退卷后残余轴向应力的解析解;随后利用有限元软件ABAQUS建立模型实例,对比解析解与有限元模型,两者的计算结果基本吻合。基于上述有限元模型,研究上卷时的张力和退卷时的后张力对椭圆度、截面轴向应力和剪切应力的影响,并进行敏感性分析。模拟结果表明张力和后张力变化会影响管道截面的变形程度,退卷后截面上残余的轴向应力远高于剪切应力,并且通过敏感性分析,得到了残余椭圆度、残余应力随张力和后张力变化的规律。研究可为卷管铺设过程中张力和后张力的选择提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
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Effects of a cover layer on wave-induced pore pressure around a buried pipe in an anisotropic seabed 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In engineering practice, a cover layer of coarser material has been used to protect a buried marine pipeline from wave-induced seabed instability. However, most previous investigations of the wave–seabed–pipe interaction problem have been concerned only with such a problem either in an isotropic single layer or a rigid pipe. This paper proposes a two-dimensional finite element model by employing the principle of repeatability to investigate the wave-induced soil response around a buried pipeline. The elastic anisotropic soil bahavior and geometry of cover layer are included in the present model, while the pipe is considered to be an elastic medium. This study focuses on the effects of a cover layer (including thickness B and width W of the cover layer) on the wave-induced pore pressure in the vicinity of a buried pipeline. 相似文献
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基于控制尾流,阻止立管尾流漩涡脱落转换路径的涡激振动抑制机理,设计三角形尾翼、片状尾翼及交错尾翼等三种抑振装置。三种抑振装置分别安装于立管模型表面,立管模型采用外径为18 mm的透明有机玻璃管。通过在均匀流场中进行安装有该抑振装置的立管模型涡激振动试验,研究三种抑振装置对立管涡激振动的抑制效率,并通过与配重裸管的涡激振动数据对比,分析抑振装置对立管动力响应的影响规律。研究结果表明,三种抑振装置均取得了明显的抑振效果,与配重裸管相比,安装片状尾翼及交错尾翼的立管模型抑制效率可达90%以上,安装三角形尾翼后立管模型振动频率略有减小,而安装片状尾翼及交错尾翼的立管模型没有明显的主导频率。 相似文献
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海底双层管单层连接管道结构受力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
粘性高的海洋石油通常需要通过海底保温管道加温输送.温度变化会引起管道变形,并在管壁内产生较大的温度应力.同时,管道正常运营期间还受到管道内压、外压、管内流体粘滞力和土体摩擦力等环境荷载的作用.复杂的环境可能导致海底管道轴向应力过大发生破坏.为了提高铺管效率,提出了双层管单层连接管道这一特殊管道形式,并从理论上分析温度变化和环境荷载对该管道的影响,计算正常运行时管道不同位置处横截面内最大Von-Mises应力.最后得到了Von-Mises应力沿管道轴线分布情况,发现内管和单层连接管的应力一般比外管大,变径管和内管的焊缝处是Von-Mises应力最大的地方. 相似文献
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初始几何缺陷对UOE焊管屈曲压溃影响研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
UOE焊管经过一系列成型工艺可以得到高质量的成型结果,但管道截面仍存在一定初始几何缺陷,这将对管道性能产生明显影响。通过试验测定X65钢在循环载荷下的力学性能,并利用有限元分析软件对UOE焊管成型全过程进行模拟,分析主要成型参数对管道屈曲压溃压力的影响。分别采用有限元模拟和试验测量方法确定管道截面初始几何缺陷分布情况,并采用余弦函数形式拟合几何缺陷。结果表明,扩径阶段芯轴数目将对缺陷形式产生影响,且实际厚壁UOE管道几何缺陷形式更接近梨形而非椭圆形。评估厚壁UOE管道性能时,近似认为截面形式为椭圆形可能发生过于保守的问题。 相似文献
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近壁圆柱绕流问题在海底悬跨管道的研究中具有重要的意义。在绕流阻力、升力以及海底土壤的耦合作用下,海底管道所发生的移位、悬跨等现象对于海底管道的安全运行构成了很大的威胁。正确预测各种绕流条件下管流之间的作用力是保证油气管道安全的首要任务。海底管道在极端海洋环境条件下的管、流相互作用为高雷诺数绕流问题,处于高雷诺数下的绕流模拟比处于低雷诺数下的绕流模拟要复杂很多,它需要更精细的网格以及合适的湍流模型。此文对处于悬跨状态下的海底管道进行数值研究,给出不同间隙比下海流绕流海底管道的流场结构形态,分析了间隙比对绕流阻力和绕流升力的影响,为进一步研究海底悬跨管道的受力和变形提供载荷边界数据。 相似文献
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Onset of scour below pipelines and self-burial 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper summarizes the results of an experimental study on the onset of scour below and self-burial of pipelines in currents/waves. Pressure was measured on the surface of a slightly buried pipe at two points, one at the upstream side and the other at the downstream side of the pipe, both in the sand bed. The latter enabled the pressure gradient (which drives a seepage flow underneath the pipe) to be calculated. The results indicated that the excessive seepage flow and the resulting piping are the major factor to cause the onset of scour below the pipeline. The onset of scour occurred always locally (but not along the length of the pipeline as a two-dimensional process). The critical condition corresponding to the onset of scour was determined both in the case of currents and in the case of waves. Once the scour breaks out, it will propagate along the length of the pipeline, scour holes being interrupted with stretches of soil (span shoulders) supporting the pipeline. As the span shoulder gets shorter and shorter, more and more weight of the pipeline is exerted on the soil. In this process, a critical point is reached where the bearing capacity of the soil is exceeded (general shear failure). At this point, the pipe begins to sink at the span shoulder (self-burial). It was found that the self-burial depth is governed mainly by the Keulegan–Carpenter number. The time scale of the self-burial process, on the other hand, is governed by the Keulegan–Carpenter number and the Shields parameter. Diagrams are given for the self-burial depth and the time scale of the self-burial process. 相似文献
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The subject of the wave–seabed–structure interaction is important for civil engineers regarding stability analysis of foundations for offshore installations. Most previous investigations have been concerned with such a problem in the vicinity of a simple structure such as a vertical wall. For more complicated structures such as a pipeline, the phenomenon of the wave–seabed–structure has not been fully understood. This paper proposes a finite-difference model in a curvilinear coordinate system to investigate the wave-induced seabed response in a porous seabed around a pipeline. Based on the present numerical model, mechanism of the wave-induced soil response is examined. Employing Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion, the wave-induced seabed instability is also estimated. The numerical results indicate the importance of the effect of pipeline on the seabed response. 相似文献