共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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在浅水海域,采用单层保温管结构代替双重钢管保温结构具有很好的发展应用前景,但在单层管的铺设过程中管线各层之间和保温层内将产生较大的剪应力,如何防止各层间的错动和保温层材料的剪切破坏是设计所必须解决的两个主要问题。以渤海某油田海底管线建设项目为例,根据单层保温管的结构特点,力的层间传递特性和变形协调条件,建立了单层保温管各层层间剪切力和保温层中剪应力的计算方法,为海底单层保温管的设计提供了依据。 相似文献
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不排水抗剪强度是黏性土的重要力学指标,在边坡稳定性分析、地基和桩基承载力的计算中都有广泛的应用。在国内海洋勘察工程中,通常软黏土不排水抗剪强度的确定方法有不固结不排水三轴压缩试验、手动十字板试验、电动十字板试验和无侧限压缩试验等。中国南海北部陆陂深水海域,海底浅层沉积物多为饱和软土,这种软土土质比较均一,具有高含水量、高液限和塑性指数、容重小、抗剪强度低等特点,从而使这种沉积物与常规意义上的饱和软土特性相比可能存在差异,利用落锥试验方法确定其黏性土不排水抗剪强度,具有很强的适用性。本文介绍了落锥试验的试验方法和试验关键技术点,通过该深水海域两个孔位的部分土质资料对比,说明落锥试验确定的黏性土不排水抗剪强度与海上工程设计、分析中使用的不排水抗剪强度具有很好的相关关系。 相似文献
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为研究深海能源土在负压开采过程中含气储层的力学特性,基于含气土赋存理论,提出一种能够控制含气量及气泡大小的制样方法,通过GDS标准应力路径三轴试验系统,开展深海能源土含气储层的固结排水试验研究,分析深海能源土在不同黏土含量及不同含气量下的力学响应规律。研究结果表明：围压变化对深海能源土含气储层的抗剪强度峰值大小影响显著,围压越大抗剪强度峰值越高;黏土含量是决定应力应变曲线变化趋势的关键影响因素,黏土含量越高试样抗剪强度越低,试样抵抗应变软化效应的能力越强;含气土比饱和土体承载能力更低,且承载能力随含气量的增大呈衰减趋势;黏土含量和含气量是深海能源土含气储层抗剪强度指标的重要影响因素,黏土含量、含气量越高,土体自身的总抗剪强度值越低。 相似文献
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本文通过对大孔薄肋高强粗钢筋预应力混凝土空心板抗剪强度的试验与分析,给出了斜截面抗裂和抗剪强度,并将试验结果与理论计算作比较。两者符合性较好, 相似文献
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细颗粒泥沙动水絮凝的机理分析 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
本文首先阐述由环形水槽试验所得出的细颗粒泥沙动水絮凝的若干规律。然后进行絮凝体形成和破碎的机理分析。从而得出产生动水絮凝的充分、必要条件:一是泥沙和电介质的物理、化学性质;二是絮凝体的抗剪能力大于所受到的剪切力,由此引出动水絮凝临界流速的概念。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2016,(8)
基于在自行改进设计的水下土体剪切界面摩擦力测定装置进行的室内试验结果,对不同粒组、含水率及剪切速率条件下土体剪切界面抗剪强度和摩擦力进行了研究。试验结果表明,不同土体间剪切界面抗剪强度和摩擦力与土体颗粒粒组、含水率相关性表现不同。随着含水率的增加,粉砂抗剪强度和摩擦力呈增加趋势,细砂、中砂抗剪强度和摩擦力受含水率变化影响较小。土体颗粒粒组不同,抗剪强度和摩擦力有明显差异,表现在粉砂大于细砂和中砂,小于黏粒含量较高的粉土,细砂和中砂的差别较小。试验条件下得到的粉砂、细砂、中砂土体与粉质土底床间的水下剪切界面摩擦力值在0.2~1.0kPa区间,并结合海洋地质实例说明界面摩擦力的应用。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2021,37(8)
深海沉积物土工力学特性是研发深海海底作业装备的依据。利用现有的深海土工力学原位测量数据和取样分析的成果,采用回归分析方法,得到了沉积物物化组成等参数与抗剪强度的相关关系。研究表明:深海沉积物以粉质土、有机黏土为主,具有高含水率、大孔隙比、低密度等特征;随着埋藏深度的增加,深海沉积物的含水率和孔隙比逐渐减少,湿密度与抗剪强度则呈增大趋势;物理参数与抗剪强度之间有较好的相关关系,含水率、密度及孔隙比与抗剪强度的相关性明显,其中,密度与抗剪强度成正比,而含水率、孔隙比与抗剪强度成反比;以含水率、密度和孔隙比为自变量的多变量回归分析方程能更好地表达沉积物物理特性与抗剪强度的相关关系。 相似文献
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海洋粉质粘土在波浪荷载作用后的不排水抗剪强度衰化特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对南海重塑粉质粘土土样的大量动三轴试验结果分析,得到此种土在波浪荷载作用后不捧水抗剪强度衰化同动载作用引起的动应变幅及平均累积孔压之间的相互关系和预估公式;并通过与超固结土样的静三轴剪切试验结果的比较,发现动、静三轴两种试验结果具有很好的吻合关系。建议可用超固结土样的静三轴剪切试验同时结合部分动三轴试验来预估土样在波浪荷载作用后不排水抗剪强度衰化与平均累积孔压之间的关系。 相似文献
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1.IntroductionMost of the crude oil producedfromoffshore China has a highcontent of wax,which makesthe oilagglomerate at hightemperature.Heat preservation measures,therefore,must be adopted to maintainthe temperature higher thanthe oil’s pour point,sotha… 相似文献
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An integrated dynamic model of China’s deep ocean mining system is developed and the fast simulation analysis of its longitudinal reciprocating motion operation processes is achieved. The seafloor tracked miner is built as a three-dimensional single-body model with six-degree-of-freedom. The track-terrain interaction is modeled by partitioning the track-terrain interface into a certain number of mesh elements with three mutually perpendicular forces, including the normal force, the longitudinal shear force and the lateral shear force, acting on the center point of each mesh element. The hydrodynamic force of the miner is considered and applied. By considering the operational safety and collection efficiency, two new mining paths for the miner on the seafloor are proposed, which can be simulated with the established single-body dynamic model of the miner. The pipeline subsystem is built as a three-dimensional multi-body discrete element model, which is divided into rigid elements linked by flexible connectors. The flexible connector without mass is represented by six spring-damper elements. The external hydrodynamic forces of the ocean current from the longitudinal and lateral directions are both considered and modeled based on the Morison formula and applied to the mass center of each corresponding discrete rigid element. The mining ship is simplified and represented by a general kinematic point, whose heave motion induced by the ocean waves and the longitudinal and lateral towing motions are considered and applied. By integrating the single-body dynamic model of the miner and the multi-body discrete element dynamic model of the pipeline, and defining the kinematic equations of the mining ship, the integrated dynamic model of the total deep ocean mining system is formed. The longitudinal reciprocating motion operation modes of the total mining system, which combine the active straight-line and turning motions of the miner and the ship, and the passive towed motions of the pipeline, are proposed and simulated with the developed 3D dynamic model. Some critical simulation results are obtained and analyzed, such as the motion trajectories of key subsystems, the velocities of the buoyancy modules and the interaction forces between subsystems, which in a way can provide important theoretical basis and useful technical reference for the practical deep ocean mining system analysis, operation and control. 相似文献
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海底滑坡作为常见的海洋地质灾害,对海洋油气工程安全产生巨大威胁。海床土体失稳引起滑坡体滑动,会对海底管道产生拖曳作用。基于计算流体动力学方法(CFD)建立海底滑坡体对管道作用的评估模型,采用H-B模型描述块状滑坡体并与试验比较验证,分析不同海床倾斜度滑坡对管道的作用并拟合表达式;研究了海底管道在滑坡作用下的力学响应,并采用极限状态方法开展海底滑坡作用下管道结构极限安全分析,探讨了管道埋地状态时的极限安全界限,建立滑坡作用下管道结构安全分析方法。研究表明:滑坡对管道作用力与海床倾角呈现正相关,而覆土层厚度对作用力影响较小;随着不排水抗剪强度的减小,允许的滑坡宽度和速度均增加,表明土体不排水抗剪强度与引起的拖曳力呈正相关;滑坡土体宽度对极限安全速度影响较大。 相似文献
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根据含中层冷水海洋垂直热结构的特征,将其分为4层,并考虑来自海面的热力和动力强迫因子、水层界面剪切应力和卷挟热交换、热平流、混合及地形影响等条件下,从原始动量、连续方程组及热传导方程出发,对整个海洋和各水层分别进行垂向积分,导出相应的描述风生界面起伏、各水层平均流场和温度场的闭合方程组.当解得各水层的平均温度场Tk(k=1,2,3,4)后,根据Tk与对应水层界面特征温度间的关系获得后者,最后通过水温剖面表达式获得含中层冷水海洋的三维热结构.为了检验本模式的功能,以时效为5d试报了5月15日研究海域的三维热结构,并将试报结果与实测值进行了比较.结果表明,试报水温的均绝误差为025℃,效果令人满意. 相似文献
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Though ubiquitous in the global oceans, double diffusive mixing has been largely ignored or poorly represented in the models of turbulent mixing in the ocean and in 3-D ocean models, until recently. Salt fingers occur in the interior of many marginal seas and ocean basins, the Tyrrhenian Sea and the subtropical Atlantic being two examples. Diffusive convection type of double diffusion occurs in the upper layers of many sub-polar seas and polar oceans due to cold melt water from sea ice. Consequently, it is important to be able to properly parameterize double diffusive mixing in basin scale and global ocean models, so that the water mass structure in the interior of the ocean can be properly simulated. This note describes a model for double diffusive mixing in the presence of background shear, based on Mellor–Yamada type second moment closure, more specifically Kantha, 2003, Kantha and Clayson, 2004 second moment closure models of resulting turbulence, following Canuto et al. (2008a) but employing a different strategy for modeling the pertinent terms in the second moment equations. The resulting model is suitable for inclusion in ocean general circulation models. 相似文献
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Recently, the security and stability of submarine pipelines have attracted much attention in ocean engineering. In this paper, pipelines with a streamlined contour (wedge, airfoil, double-ellipse, and arc-angle hexagon) are designed in hopes of defending against the impact of submarine landslides, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is used to investigate the interaction between submarine landslides and streamlined pipelines. The results show that the peak interactional force is more representative of the hazard level of pipelines imposed by submarine landslides. It is also found that the streamlined pipelines possess a significant advantage in reducing the drag force and lift force of landslide–pipeline interaction with a maximum lessening percentage of 66.32 and 40.17%, compared with a conventional circular pipeline. In addition, the influence of applying streamlined pipelines to engineering is briefly discussed, and the empirical equation for estimating the drag force and lift force of streamlined pipelines induced by landslides is recommended based on the numerical test results. 相似文献
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海底双层管单层连接管道结构受力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
粘性高的海洋石油通常需要通过海底保温管道加温输送.温度变化会引起管道变形,并在管壁内产生较大的温度应力.同时,管道正常运营期间还受到管道内压、外压、管内流体粘滞力和土体摩擦力等环境荷载的作用.复杂的环境可能导致海底管道轴向应力过大发生破坏.为了提高铺管效率,提出了双层管单层连接管道这一特殊管道形式,并从理论上分析温度变化和环境荷载对该管道的影响,计算正常运行时管道不同位置处横截面内最大Von-Mises应力.最后得到了Von-Mises应力沿管道轴线分布情况,发现内管和单层连接管的应力一般比外管大,变径管和内管的焊缝处是Von-Mises应力最大的地方. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献