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1.
吴龙  柳长峰  刘文灿  张宏远 《现代地质》2021,35(5):1178-1193
三叠系沉积物广泛覆盖青藏高原东北缘,其中松潘—甘孜地区三叠系的沉积物得到了较系统的研究,但是青藏高原北缘的祁连山三叠系盆地的研究却较为缺乏。为了丰富相关研究和揭示区域构造演化的特点,通过古水流方向统计、砂岩中碎屑矿物统计和碎屑锆石U-Pb测年等方法对祁连山三叠纪盆地物源进行系统研究。结果表明,祁连山三叠系盆地的古流向主要有南东向、正南向、南西向,物源来自岩浆弧和大规模褶皱造山作用的混合区。祁连山三叠系砂岩中的碎屑锆石的年龄谱主要峰值集中在250~290 Ma、360~460 Ma、1 600~2 000 Ma和2 200~2 600 Ma这4个年龄段。通过对比分析华北板块、华南板块中和秦祁昆中央造山带中岩浆锆石年龄谱特征可知:1 600~2 000 Ma和2 200~2 600 Ma年龄段的锆石来自华北板块,360~460 Ma年龄段的锆石来自北祁连造山带,250~290 Ma年龄段的锆石来自东昆仑的火山岛弧。此外,600~1 000 Ma年龄段锆石很少,这些锆石来自扬子板块,表明在三叠纪扬子克拉通和华北克拉通发生碰撞形成了秦岭造山带,阻断了来自扬子克拉通的物源。  相似文献   

2.
以西秦岭舒家坝地区泥盆纪舒家坝群碎屑岩为研究对象,进行碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄研究,探讨其形成时代、物源组成和构造背景。所测样品最小锆石年龄组的年龄加权平均值为413Ma,代表了舒家坝群的沉积下限,结合前人研究的古生物资料将其形成时代限定为中泥盆世。所获碎屑锆石年龄可划分为4个谱段:震旦纪—古生代年龄谱段619~409Ma,峰值为445Ma;新元古代年龄谱段930~735Ma,峰值为849Ma;中元古代年龄谱段1760~1033Ma;新太古代—古元古代年龄谱段3095~2478Ma。综合研究认为,舒家坝群的物源具多元性,包括西秦岭北缘构造带、北祁连造山带东段和华北板块基底,其中北祁连造山带东段和西秦岭北缘构造带是舒家坝群沉积的主要物源区,且后者占主导地位。结合区域地质资料,根据其物源组成特征判断,舒家坝群形成于陆—陆或弧—陆碰撞后由挤压转换为伸展环境的局部裂陷盆地。  相似文献   

3.
札达盆地是中新世9.5 Ma以来发育的新生代沉积盆地.沉积厚度、砾石成分和古流向分析显示札达盆地新生代沉积的物源主要来自盆地北部的阿伊拉日居山系.札达盆地系列样品碎屑锆石裂变径迹年龄结构显示存在两个明显的峰值年龄区间, 分别为12.6~15.3 Ma(P1峰值年龄)与19.8~22.2 Ma(P2峰值年龄).锆石裂变径迹年龄的滞后时间(lag time)与沉积时代对比分析显示, P1和P2峰值年龄为快速冷却事件的静态峰, 与北部阿伊拉日居地区基岩U-Pb年代研究揭示的热事件时间具有良好的可对比性.因此, 札达盆地碎屑裂变径迹年龄两个峰值年龄区间记录了源区阿伊拉日居的两次构造事件, 可能对应于喀喇昆仑断裂在中新世的两次强烈的构造活动.综合碎屑锆石、磷灰石裂变径迹年龄信息, 估算源区在32.6~9.5 Ma之间的平均冷却速率是15.4 ℃/Ma, 上新世末期—第四纪(3.6~1.4 Ma)之间再次发生了一次快速的隆升剥露事件.札达盆地中新生代沉积地层碎屑裂变径迹热年代学结构与喀喇昆仑断裂东南段阿伊拉日居的热事件年龄格局吻合, 从碎屑裂变径迹年代学角度揭示了造山带地区的盆山耦合过程.   相似文献   

4.
柴达木盆地被祁连山、阿尔金山及昆仑山所环绕,盆地古近系下干柴沟组(E23)地层独特的岩性和沉积格局指示了复杂盆山体系和源区多样成因。本文选取了盆地内部不同构造带5口钻井下干柴沟组的中粗砂岩样品,利用碎屑锆石U- Pb定年等分析方法对柴达木盆地进行了构造、物源系统分析。研究结果表明,位于祁连山前的XX- 1井样品下干柴沟组锆石年龄介于2692~156 Ma之间,主要峰值年龄为448 Ma和249 Ma,L6- 1井样品锆石年龄介于2693~220 Ma之间,主要峰值年龄为499 Ma和415 Ma;位于盆地西部沉降中心内部的YIT- 1井样品下干柴沟组锆石年龄介于2796~266 Ma之间,主要峰值年龄为423 Ma和255 Ma;阿尔金山前的N- 105井样品下干柴沟组锆石年龄介于2481~242 Ma之间,主要峰值年龄为422 Ma和259 Ma,N- 109井样品锆石年龄介于2638~228 Ma之间,主要峰值年龄为444 Ma和246 Ma。通过与主要源区年龄对比可知,盆地不同构造带下干柴沟组的物源差异较大,靠近祁连山前的XX- 1井、L6- 1井的物源主要来自于祁连山内部;位于阿尔金山前相邻的N- 105、N- 109井物源主体来自于阿尔金山内部,但N- 109井存在祁连山物源贡献;柴西坳陷内部YIT- 1井物源受祁连山及东昆仑共同控制。物源分析结果表明祁连山在古近纪已大规模隆升,并且作为青藏高原北部边界为柴达木盆地持续提供物源;阿尔金山及昆仑山在下干柴沟组沉积时期已经形成雏形,但并未大规模隆升,造成了山前带复杂的物源体系。  相似文献   

5.
共和盆地与贵德盆地位于黄河源头和上游的接合部位,是青藏高原东北缘两个由巨厚的晚新生代沉积所充填的中型断陷盆地。而作为划分黄河源头与上游分界线并分隔共和与贵德两盆地的龙羊峡,则为一长近40km、最深逾700 m的基岩大峡谷。由于共和盆地大部由厚层的河湖相新近纪曲沟组与含早、中更新世哺乳动物化石的共和组及覆于其上的河流相砾石层所组成,且后期形成的多级黄河阶地被14C、热释光(TL)、光释光(OSL)、电子自旋共振(ESR)等方法测得其年龄数据多为0.15~0.1Ma以来,因而人们多将黄河贯穿共和盆地、形成龙羊峡谷和黄河源头段,归因于10到15万年前的地壳运动所引起的溯源侵蚀,并命名为"共和运动"。然而,作者在龙羊峡段黄河之北,发现了一条由厚逾200 m、主要由分选与磨圆良好、砾石成分复杂的大型河床相砾石层夹少量砂层与顶部河漫滩相砂层所组成的古河道,自共和古湖东北端的尕海以东,经多隆沟,并横穿曲乃亥盆地,流向贵德盆地。作者将这条古河道命名为古多隆河。其上段夹于青海南山与瓦里关山之间,河谷狭窄,只有2km或稍宽。该古黄河砾石层与砂层或称曲乃亥组,其顶面在曲乃亥地区高达海拔3150 m,已高出附近龙羊峡段黄河河面约768 m。而位于龙羊峡南岸、最高可达海拔3108 m的黄河阶地T21顶面,只高出附近黄河河面不到718 m。显然,后者是由于共和与贵德两盆地随地壳下沉而湖底与湖面上升至接近和达到其最高堆积位置时——共和古湖所能达到的最高湖面,约为现今海拔(3160±10)m,共和古湖的湖水在现今龙羊峡所在的最高基岩谷肩处向东溢出,从而在瓦里关山南侧的低洼处所产生的一条新河道——龙羊峡段黄河所堆积。由于龙羊峡直接沟通共和与贵德两盆地,其距离要比迂回瓦里关山之北的古多隆河近得多,故按照地貌学的河流"截弯取直"原理及来自青海南山和拉脊山南麓洪积物的堆积,其北的古多隆河必然被堰塞、淹没并最后废弃。随着青藏高原及其东北部地壳运动性质由总体上升但存在若干断陷盆地转为整体隆升仅极少数盆地继续断陷,黄河水系因之下切,龙羊峡的基岩峡谷及共和贵德两堆积盆地持续至今的切割由之形成,完全不必用"共和运动"及其所引起的溯源侵蚀来加以解释。根据曲乃亥剖面曲乃亥组古河道砾石层与砂层及各相关地层砂质样品的石英热活化ESR法测年结果,该古河道发育于(3.79±0.34) Ma与(2.95±0.25) Ma之间的上新世中晚期。曲乃亥组古黄河砾石层下伏的河流相浅砖红色砂砾石互层,其顶部样品的年龄为(4.49±0.38)Ma,也应是早、中上新世古黄河——早期古多隆河所堆积。覆于古河道砾石层之上的巴卡台组洪积砾石层则堆积于(2.95±0.25) Ma与(2.63±0.23) Ma之间的上新世末期。位于龙羊峡南岸的最高黄河阶地T21,其年龄为(2.47±0.22) Ma的早更新世初。二塔拉(T19)及铁盖乡剖面T18至T7(T6以下已被龙羊峡水库所淹没)的年龄为(2.36±0.20)Ma以来的第四纪,表明龙羊峡的切割发生于整个第四纪时期,与前人用其它方法所获得的测年结果明显不同。这些地层与地质事件因测年方法的不同所导致的年龄差异及与哺乳动物化石鉴定结果的矛盾,值得深入探讨和今后进一步研究。  相似文献   

6.
以西秦岭舒家坝地区泥盆纪舒家坝群碎屑岩为研究对象,进行碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄研究,探讨其形成时代、物源组成和构造背景。所测样品最小锆石年龄组的年龄加权平均值为413Ma,代表了舒家坝群的沉积下限,结合前人研究的古生物资料将其形成时代限定为中泥盆世。所获碎屑锆石年龄可划分为4个谱段:震旦纪—古生代年龄谱段619~409Ma,峰值为445Ma;新元古代年龄谱段930~735Ma,峰值为849Ma;中元古代年龄谱段1760~1033Ma;新太古代—古元古代年龄谱段3095~2478Ma。综合研究认为,舒家坝群的物源具多元性,包括西秦岭北缘构造带、北祁连造山带东段和华北板块基底,其中北祁连造山带东段和西秦岭北缘构造带是舒家坝群沉积的主要物源区,且后者占主导地位。结合区域地质资料,根据其物源组成特征判断,舒家坝群形成于陆—陆或弧—陆碰撞后由挤压转换为伸展环境的局部裂陷盆地。  相似文献   

7.
青藏高原东北缘寺口子剖面碎屑锆石示踪及其构造意义   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
王伟涛  郑德文  庞建章 《地质学报》2013,87(10):1551-1569
位于青藏高原东北缘的寺口子剖面发育巨厚的新生代沉积地层,分析这些沉积物的碎屑来源能够为高原东北缘构造变形过程提供重要证据。本文在寺口子剖面磁性地层年代的约束下,对该剖面27~4 Ma的砂岩样品进行了碎屑锆石示踪研究。研究结果显示27~12 Ma的砂岩样品中锆石U-Pb年龄主要分布在200~470 Ma(以230 Ma、440 Ma为峰值年龄)1600-1890 Ma、2100-2450 Ma,与>12 Ma的砂岩样品相比,7 Ma的砂岩样品中新增了锆石U-Pb年龄为720-980 Ma的年龄峰值;4 Ma的砂岩样品中锆石U-Pb年龄谱主要为200~490 Ma。这些样品中,1600-1890 Ma与2100-2450 Ma的锆石εHf(t)值偏负(-31.1~5.1),720-980 Ma的锆石具有负的εHf(t)值为-15.1~-1.7, 200~470 Ma的锆石εHf(t)值范围较宽-11.2~12.5。通过与周围构造单元对比,发现1600-1890 Ma与2100-2450 Ma的锆石可能源于与鄂尔多斯地块西缘,720-980 Ma的锆石与宁夏中部的南华山、西华山岩石具有亲缘性,U-Pb年龄为200~470 Ma的锆石则与六盘山南部岩浆岩的锆石U-Pb年龄一致。寺口子剖面碎屑锆石示踪与半定量估算表明:六盘山南部可能在27 Ma已隆升、变形,成为宁夏南部盆地的物源区,而宁夏南部盆地晚中新世的物源变迁可能反映了海原-六盘山断裂的强烈构造变形。  相似文献   

8.
南盘江盆地中三叠世巨厚的复理石建造吸引了诸多地质学者,但对盆地内碎屑岩的物质来源问题仍存在分歧.为弄清盆地内碎屑岩系物源问题,此次选取南盘江盆地北部尾若地区中三叠统许满组2 段浊积岩为研究对象,利用碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,探讨其主要物源方向.测试结果显示,碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄存在239~340Ma、340~570 Ma、710~990 Ma、990~2300 Ma和2300~2600 Ma等5个年龄阶段,说明南盘江盆地中三叠统许满组碎屑物源复杂.利用碎屑锆石年龄与南盘江盆地周边可能性源区的锆石年龄组成对比,并结合区域性岩相古地理研究及区域构造演化史,认为南盘江盆地内巨厚浊积岩系物源主要来自盆地西南部的Song Ma 缝合带、哀牢山剪切带及盆地东南部包括钦防褶皱带在内的云开地块.  相似文献   

9.
山东东部诸城晚白垩世王氏群大面积、高密度集群埋藏的恐龙化石是近年研究的热点,但其沉积物源与精确沉积时限目前尚不明确。本文通过对山东诸城王氏群恐龙化石层中6个砂岩样品的碎屑锆石U-Pb定年表明,样品090414-24-D中最年轻的单颗粒锆石年龄(YSG)为77.3 Ma,应代表王氏群恐龙化石层的最大沉积时限(下限),结合前人对王氏群红土崖组的年代学研究表明,其沉积时限应老于73.5 Ma(上限),也说明赋存恐龙化石层的王氏群上部红土崖组为Campanian期沉积;碎屑锆石定年揭示物源的锆石年龄组成分布在100~130 Ma之间,6个样品的年龄主峰值多在110 Ma或120 Ma左右,与下伏的早白垩世青山群火山岩年龄主峰较为吻合。王氏群恐龙化石层砾岩的砾石成分和古水流研究显示,其中3组砾石统计表明砾岩层砾石成分主要由火山岩或火山碎屑岩组成,3组古水流数据表明,诸城地区王氏群红土崖组砾岩层的古流向以南和南东方向为主,尚有1组显示古流向为向北,表明王氏群物源主要来自盆地北侧莱阳和北西侧沂沭断裂带的青山群火山岩,其次为盆地南缘。本研究为诸城王氏群化石层沉积时限的限定和沉积物源的判断,以及胶莱盆地王氏群时期古地理格局的恢复等提供了重要的依据。  相似文献   

10.
运用碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年方法,结合碎屑锆石矿物特征、阴极发光图像和年龄谱分布特征,对鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘麟游地区二叠系上石盒子砂岩进行了碎屑物源分析。结果表明:碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄分布主要包含3组峰值年龄:1864 Ma、2500 Ma和441 Ma,另外具有一颗3.3 Ga古老的碎屑锆石年龄及一组次级年轻年龄组299~363 Ma。1864 Ma和2500 Ma两组峰值的锆石颗粒约占总体的82.2%,表明二叠纪末上石盒子期华北克拉通为鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘提供主要物源,3.3 Ga年龄的存在也指示其来源于华北克拉通;441 Ma峰值的锆石颗粒约占总数的10.4%,指示其可能来自秦岭-祁连造山带,由于缺少800~1000 Ma的新元古代年龄,表明秦-祁造山带在上石盒子期抬升及剥蚀程度较低;299~363 Ma年龄组指示其可能来源于华北克拉通北缘的兴-蒙造山带岩浆弧。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

15.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

16.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

17.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

18.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

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