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1.
China, whose distribution area of karst region reaches about 3.63 million km2, is one of the countries that have the widest karst collapse development. In modern-karst collapses, the karst collapse induced
by water environment is an important type in karst collapses of North China. This paper completed a systematic study on the
relations between groundwater environmental transformation and karst collapses and their distribution rules in northern China
and found out that the karst collapses in northern China are closely related to the change of groundwater environment, which
increased along with the declining groundwater levels and increasing hydraulic gradient. Meanwhile, it was also found that
in all cases of collapse caused by underground-environmental change of northern China, pumping collapses in urban areas appeared
to be the commonest and strongest among modern-karst collapses with 20 regions and 796 mining pits in total, which account
for 30.7 and 58% of artificial collapses, respectively, followed by collapses that were induced by mining draining and inrushing
water with 33 regions and 282 mining pits, accounting for 20.4%. In addition to the conditions listed above, there were also
a few water caving collapse and leakage collapse. 相似文献
2.
山东省泰莱盆地岩溶塌陷发育特征及形成机理 总被引：12，自引：11，他引：1
泰莱盆地位于山东省中部,截止2013年底,盆地内共发生有记录岩溶塌陷97处,161点次,严重威胁人民生命财产安全。文章在总结前人研究基础上,结合最新调查、监测成果,研究了泰莱盆地岩溶塌陷的分布特征、地质结构模式及其形成机理。结果表明:盆地内岩溶塌陷点多集中分布于岩溶地下水降落漏斗及其影响范围内;塌陷点分布受构造控制明显;塌陷区第四系厚度一般小于30 m,下伏基岩主要为奥陶纪灰岩;80%以上的塌陷集中发生于汛期。根据岩溶塌陷点土层结构、地下水动力条件的不同,建立了3种岩溶塌陷的基本地质模式:单层、双层和多层结构土层岩溶塌陷,其中单层结构土层岩溶塌陷的形成历经“真空吸蚀-崩解剥落-塌陷”3个阶段;双层土层结构岩溶塌陷形成演化过程可概括为“渗透变形-崩解垮塌-塌陷”或“真空吸蚀-渗透变形-塌陷”3个阶段;多层结构土层岩溶塌陷历经“真空吸蚀-渗透变形-崩解垮塌-塌陷”4个阶段。 相似文献
3.
铜陵地区岩溶塌陷十分发育,先后有31处被列为岩溶塌陷地质灾害点,区内地质构造发育,对岩溶塌陷控制作用明显。文章在研究区域地质构造的基础上,对岩溶塌陷在地质构造上的分布形态及发育规律进行研究,重点探讨区内地质构造对岩溶发育的影响,研究可知:铜陵地区地质构造发育,主要为断裂和褶皱构造,其中北东、北北东向S型褶皱群对岩溶塌陷有明显控制作用。背(向)褶皱轴部由于拉张裂隙和张性断裂影响,岩体破碎,有利于地下水的溶蚀,岩溶作用较两翼更强烈,另一方面区内地貌格局背斜成山,向斜成谷,向斜地势较背斜低洼且开阔,地下水活动强烈,其塌陷分布较背斜密集;而断裂对塌陷的影响主要体现在对岩溶各种形态和发展的控制,尤其以北西、北东向张性或张扭性断裂带两侧岩溶塌陷最为发育。研究结果对城市规划、地质灾害防治具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
Comprehensive fuzzy evaluation model and evaluation of the karst collapse susceptibility in Zaozhuang Region, China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Karst collapses in Zaozhuang area are the typical karst collapses induced by groundwater over-pumping in north China, which lead to severe economic loss and negative societal influence. Based on the comprehensive analysis of all natural influencing factors and human influencing factors associated with karst collapse in the Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area, China, this paper establishes karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model by means of fuzzy mathematic method, in which the Quantitative theory method was firstly applied in determination of the factor weights. The karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model with 14 evaluation indicators can be effectively used for quantitative evaluation on the karst collapse susceptibility. So, an analysis and evaluation on the karst collapse susceptibility of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed by means of karst collapse susceptibility evaluation model. The karst collapse area of Zaozhuang region is divided into very high susceptibility area, high susceptibility area, medium susceptibility area and low susceptibility area, which account for about 6.3, 5.2, 10.4 and 78.1 % of the total karst area and the karst collapse susceptibility evaluation map of Zaozhuang Shili Spring Area is completed. The results above will be helpful for the strategic planning and decision-making processes associated with exploitation of karst water resources and with prevention and control of karst collapse hazards of this region. 相似文献
5.
Through geological investigation of karst collapses at Zaozhuang City, China, it was found that the mechanism of karst collapse in areas of excess water extraction is characterized by a seepage effect and that the seepage-pressure effect is the initial factor that induces karst collapse. The causation mechanisms for karst collapse can be divided into two phases: the inter-collapse phase and the surface-collapse phase. Therefore, based on the limit-equilibrium theory, this paper has established mechanical models for the surface-collapse phase and determined values for the stability of the arch formed by the soil hole in an inter-collapse phase. In addition, an evaluation of a karst collapses at Zaozhuang City, China, was completed using mechanical models. The results show that the mechanical models agree with the theory of karst collapse at Zaozhuang City. Thus, it is proved that the karst collapse models can be used for the evaluation of karst collapse in areas that are over-pumped. 相似文献
6.
In Northern and Southern China, there are two different territorial systems of karst collapse. Because of the differences in basic geological conditions, groundwater dynamic conditions and climatic factors, the karst collapses are different in Northern China from those in Southern China in types, distribution characteristics, development density, scope, and formation mechanism. Based on analysis of statistical data in bulk and analysis of basic rules of the karst collapses in China, this paper systematically analyzed the basic geological conditions, groundwater dynamic conditions and climatic conditions both in North and South when studied and concluded the discrepancy in features, scales, density, regional distribution rules, formation mechanism, etc. The contrast and rules concluded will be of important significance and have great implication value to the exploration and prevention of karst collapse planning and layout of relevant project construction. 相似文献
7.
Palaeo-karst collapse pillars in northern China and their damage to the geological environments 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
According to statistics, there are a total of 39 sites of palaeo-karst collapse pillars in Northern China, as well as 3,650
palaeo-karst collapse pillars. Through an overall survey and analysis of the distribution regularities and formation mechanisms
of palaeo-karst collapse pillars in the northern coal mine regions, this paper found that the rock formation structures, geological
structures, karst characters, underground hydrodynamic conditions of karst and neotectonic movement conditions are basic geological
bases for the formation of karst collapse pillars and rule the distribution of them. Karst collapse pillars apparently have
three south–north regularities in terms of distribution, and they have resulted in severe damages to geological resources
and environment in their distribution areas: mine water inrush causing and coal resources damage and influencing the impounding
of reservoirs as well as the stability of dam sites. Based on the basic geological features of palaeo-karst collapse pillars
in northern China, this paper also introduces the new methods of integrated prospecting of successive approximation to determine
hydraulic conductivity of palaeo-karst collapse pillars. 相似文献
8.
湖南宁乡大成桥地区岩溶地面塌陷分布特征及影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
湖南宁乡大成桥地区至2012年产生岩溶地面塌陷484处。文章通过对地质环境条件及岩溶地面塌陷时空分布特征的分析,总结出本区岩溶地面塌陷的分布特征和影响因素:（1）岩溶发育区发生塌陷428处,占总数的88.5%;冲沟地形中发生岩溶地面塌陷339处,占70%;覆盖层厚度小于10 m区发生塌陷335处,占总数的69.2%;双层结构区发生塌陷266处,占总数的55%,分布密度为7.82处/km2;冲洪积成因土体产生塌陷404处,残积土中产生塌陷80处;(2)岩溶地面塌陷在雨季的4-7月发生281处,占总数的58%;2001-2006年平均每年产生塌陷20处,2007-2012年平均每年产生塌陷54处,逐年增加趋势明显;（3）484处岩溶地面塌陷全部分布在煤炭坝疏干排水形成的降落漏斗范围之内;（4）本区地质环境极为脆弱:岩溶发育,覆盖层厚度较薄、力学性质差且双层结构土广泛分布于冲沟及冲积平原,是产生塌陷的内在因素;矿区疏干排水是主要诱发因素,降雨分布不均、地表水渗漏及河道整治对塌陷产生起促进作用。 相似文献
9.
岩溶塌陷是珠三角岩溶区主要的地质灾害之一。本文以广州丘陵山区为研究区,利用2016~2018年1:50 000环境地质调查成果,分析岩溶塌陷发育现状和特征,研究岩溶塌陷形成地质模式,并提出防治措施建议。结果表明：广州丘陵山区累计已发生岩溶塌陷地质灾害35处,空间分布上具有集中性和反复性特征,时间分布上具有持续性和周期性特点;岩溶塌陷均为碳酸盐岩型的小型土层塌陷,以人为因素诱发为主,自然因素诱发为次,主要危害形式为建筑损坏和农田破坏;岩溶塌陷形成地质模式主要有潜蚀效应致塌,潜蚀、失托增荷和吸蚀效应叠加致塌,潜蚀和振动效应叠加致塌和潜蚀和垂直渗压效应叠加致塌等四种;从上层决策和工程技术角度提出了岩溶塌陷防治措施,为打造广州北部生态农业区和生态公园,建设美丽宜居岭南乡村提供地质科学依据。 相似文献
10.
唐山是我国北方岩溶塌陷地质灾害多发地,1976年唐山大地震以来,岩溶塌陷已发生多起。在分析岩溶发育现状的基础上,描述了该区的岩溶发育特征,进而研究了岩溶塌陷的成因机理。研究认为,采矿活动和过量开采岩溶地下水是造成岩溶塌陷的直接诱因,它直接改变了地下水动力条件,局部形成了水位漏斗;地面建筑物的重力荷载、煤矿透水灾害和地震等将直接导致岩溶塌陷地质灾害的发生。据此提出了较为具体的防治措施。 相似文献
11.
武汉市工程施工引发岩溶塌陷机理分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
文章对武汉市岩溶塌陷进行了全面梳理,主要对由工程施工引发的岩溶塌陷进行了归纳总结,按施工类型将其分为4大类,对其在不同地质条件下引发岩溶塌陷的成因机理、致塌模型进行举例分析,得出结论:钻探施工诱发的岩溶塌陷以岩层顶板破坏—垂直渗压致塌模式及崩解—土洞顶部破坏—加载致塌模式为主;桩基础施工以岩层顶板破坏—渗流液化致塌模式为主;抽排地下水诱发的岩溶塌陷为潜蚀-吸蚀致塌模式,荷载振动诱发的岩溶塌陷为潜蚀—振动—加载致塌模式。武汉市岩溶塌陷以钻探、桩基施工诱发为主,因其容易破坏岩土体结构、水动力条件,具有猛烈而快速的特点;抽取地下水影响范围较广,隐蔽、不易察觉;振动荷载只能作用于土洞形成后。 相似文献
12.
恩口煤矿已关停20年,地下水位已恢复,但地面塌陷灾害时有发生,为了探讨恩口煤矿闭坑后的岩溶塌陷成因机理,总结水位恢复中与恢复后的致塌模型,文章梳理了恩口煤矿区岩溶塌陷的时空分布、土体结构等基本特征,着重于分析煤矿闭矿后岩溶塌陷的发生与地下水位恢复过程的相关性,提出水位恢复中与恢复后2个阶段发生岩溶塌陷的成因机理与致塌模式。第1阶段,主要致塌模式为浮托—软化型,理论模型来源于基坑突涌的产生条件公式,发育地段主要集中在以往塌陷密集分布区,与采矿降水过程中加速土洞的形成相关,塌陷发生的数量明显低于疏干排水过程;第2阶段,致塌模式为潜蚀—失稳型,是指由地下水位在岩土界面自然波动引发的岩溶塌陷,仅零星发生。文章为娄底市进行地质灾害易发性、危险性评价与防治规划,提出科学、经济、可行的防治措施与建议,同时,为湘中类似地区的岩溶塌陷预测与防治区划提供参考。 相似文献
13.
淮南舜耕山岩溶塌陷发育特征及形成机理研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
淮南市舜耕山地区位于华北板块南缘,岩溶地貌发育且岩溶塌陷地质灾害时有发生,给区内人民生命财产安全带来极大隐患。本文通过对区内碳酸盐岩裸露区和覆盖区岩溶野外地质勘查、岩溶塌陷特征统计、构造及水文地质条件分析,总结本区岩溶塌陷发育机理。结果表明:裸露型碳酸盐岩区岩溶塌陷发育主要受本区多期构造运动以及岩性组合的影响,岩溶塌陷发育构造形迹呈NW向居多,并多发育在可溶岩与非可溶岩界面处,以构造破坏-潜蚀为主;覆盖型碳酸盐岩区岩溶塌陷发育多为地面构筑物增加导致静荷载增加以及矿区强排水诱发的塌陷,以有效应力破坏-真空吸蚀为主。 相似文献
14.
Environmental and engineering problems of karst Geology in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yuan Daoxian 《Environmental Geology》1988,12(2):79-87
Karst terrane is generally regarded as a fragile and vulnerable environment. Its underground drainage system can aggrevate
both drought and flood problems; the lack of filtration in an underground conduit makes waste disposal more difficult; and
the lack of soil cover in bare karstland can enhance deforestation. Moreover, karst terranes are quite often haunted by a
series of engineering problems, such as water gushing into mines or transportation tunnels; leakage from reservoirs; and failure
of building foundations. In China, there are more than 200 cases of karst collapse, which include many thousands of individual
collapse points. Some of these are paleo and natural collapses, but most of them are modern collapses induced by human activities
and they have caused serious damage. Many factors such as geologic structure, overburden thickness and character, lithologic
features of karstified rock, and intensity of karstification are related to development and distribution of modern collapses.
However, China's karst is mainly developed in pre-Triassic, old phase, hard, compact, carbonate rock. Consequently most modern
collapses have occurred only in the overlying soil. So it is understandable that the fluctuation of the water table in the
underlying karstified strata plays an important role in the process of collapse. Nevertheless, there are different explanations
as to how the groundwater activities can induce collapse. 相似文献
15.
基于贵州特殊的地貌地形,采用野外实地勘察、文献数据统计分析法,并结合目前喀斯特天坑的研究报道,对贵州喀斯特天坑发育的地质背景、成因、类型及其分布规律现状进行总结,并对其发展趋势和研究方向提出了展望。结果表明:(1)贵州喀斯特天坑共有25个,按深度和形态规模分类,超级天坑有3个,大型天坑有2个,中型天坑有18个,小型天坑(直径和深度100 m以下)有2个;(2)贵州喀斯特天坑主要以早三叠统永宁镇组、夜郎组,三叠系下统罗楼组加紫云组和三叠系中统小米塘组加凉水井组的不等厚地层为主,包括三叠统厚层块状灰岩、中石炭统及下二叠统厚层块状灰岩地层;(3)贵州喀斯特天坑成因包括塌陷型和冲蚀型两类,以塌陷型天坑为主;(4)贵州喀斯特天坑主要分布于贵州中部、南部、西部以及西北部一带,呈现出从南向北、从西向东,天坑数量逐渐减少,规模由大到小,超级或特大型天坑主要分布于黔南一带。 相似文献
16.
基于地下水模型的岩溶塌陷风险性评价方法在临沂市城区的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶塌陷是山东省临沂市区最重要的地质灾害类型,一旦发生,会带来较大的经济和财产损失,因此对岩溶塌陷的风险评价十分必要。风险评价包括现状评价和预测评价,主要分3个步骤来完成：危险性评价,易损性评价和期望损失评价。利用地下水流模型确定调采方案下的相关评价因子,预测了岩溶塌陷的风险性。通过比较发现,经过地下水调采后,原岩溶塌陷高风险区范围大为缩小。地下水流数值模型和风险评价方法结合,可以确定合理的岩溶水规划开采方案,对于指导和防治岩溶塌陷具有重要意义。 相似文献
17.
Jian Chen 《Environmental Geology》1988,12(1):29-35
Karst collapse is a dynamic geological phenomenon, in which the rock mass or deposits overlying the karstified zone subsides
down along the karst cavity, resulting in a collapse pit or sinkhole. After discussing the typical examples of collapse emerging
in the karst cities and mines in provinces and regions of South China, such as Guangdong. Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang,
Yunnan, Guizhou, and Jiangxi, it is considered that human activities of economy and production have become a major effect
in causing karst collapse.
Man-made collapses make 66.4 percent of the total, whereas natural ones 33.6 percent. Most of the collapses occurred to the
area with soil overburden (96.7 percent), only a few in areas of bedrock overburden (3.3 percent). The karst collapses have
a close relationship with the extent of karst development, the character and the thickness of overburden, and the dynamic
condition of underground water. Collapse usually occurs in those parts of an area that are more intensely karstified, with
soil thickness less than 5 m and a high amplitude of water table fluctuation. Many kinds of mechanical effects are caused
by pumping or draining on the overburden and destroying its equilibrium, leading to the collapse. These effects included the
support loss and loadadded effect, penetrating suffusion, gas explesion, water-hammer, suction pressure erosion, and liquatienal
effects. The collapses are the result of varied comprehensive effects, particularly the support loss and load-added, and penetrating
suffusion. 相似文献
18.
Chen Xuejun Engineering Faculty China University of Geosciences Wuhan Chen Fujian Liu Baochen Bao Huiming Department of Civil Engineering Guilin Institute of Technology Guilin 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》2001,12(2)
Ｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｙｓｔｅｍ ,ＧＩＳ ,ｃａｐａｂｌｅｏｆｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｉｎｇ ,ｍａｎａｇｉｎｇａｎｄｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｎｇｖａｒｉｏｕｓｓｐａｔｉａｌｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ,ｉｓａｐｐｌｉｅｄｔｏｓｐａｔｉａｌａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ,ｍｕｌｔｉ ｆａｃｔｏｒｃｏｍｐｒｅｈｅｎｓｉｖｅａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ,ｄｙｎａｍｉｃｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｇｅｎｅｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｈｉｇｈ ｌｅｖｅｌｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ ,ＧＩＳｉｓａｌｓｏｃａｐａｂｌｅ… 相似文献
19.
文章总结泰安市城区—旧县水源地内岩溶塌陷的发生发展历程，综合前人研究成果及最新的野外调查统计结果，对影响研究区岩溶塌陷的分布及影响因素进行了剖析，探明了岩溶塌陷的发育条件及诱发因素。结果表明:(1)研究区内岩溶塌陷主要发生在岩溶发育较强、断裂带附近、土层厚度小于30 m的区域；发生塌陷区域的土层结构以二元结构为主，其次是多元结构；塌陷大多发生在汛期，尤其是在大型降雨之后；(2)强烈的地下水开采活动引发的岩溶水大幅度波动是塌陷发生的最主要诱发因素，且岩溶地下水位在基岩面附近波动时最易引发塌陷；外界对土体的扰动也对塌陷有一定的影响，泰安城区旧镇铁路交汇处的塌陷与列车行车震动有密不可分的联系。综合分析以往岩溶塌陷的研究方向和程度，建议今后的研究重点应为塌陷过程演化监测与模拟、塌陷预警预报方法探索及数据库建设。 相似文献
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