共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 359 毫秒
1.
通过对东京水产大学研究练习船－神鹰丸主机转速、功率，以及排废气的测定，优化渔船主机操纵主机可以使船舶在各种航行工况下主机NOx的排放率达到最低值。结果表明，当船舶航速为4节时，主机转速应设定在750转／分，此时NOx的排放率最低为10．3g/kWh，比常规操纵减少9％；当船舶航速为8节时，主机转速应设定在750转／分，此时NOx的排放率最低为10．5g/kWh，比常规操纵减少4．6％；当船舶航速为10节时，主机转速应设定在875转／分，此时NOx的排放率最低为11．6g/kWh，比常规操纵减少1．7％；当船舶航速为12节时，主机转速应设定在750转／分，此时NOx的排放率最低为12．5g/kWh，比常规操纵减少6％；当船舶航速为13节时，主机转速应设定在750转／分，此时NOx的排放率最低为12g/kWh，比常规操纵减少3．2％。在拖网作业过程中，船舶航速为4节，主机转速应设定在875转分，此时NOx的拓放率最低为12．3g/kWh，比常规操纵减少2．8％。在延绳钓作业过程中，船舶航速为10节，主机转速应设定在875转／分，此时NOx的排放率最低为11．5g/kWh,比常规操纵减少1．7％。 相似文献
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水下拖曳航行器是被广泛应用的水下监测平台。为掌握水下拖曳航行器的水动力及其拖揽姿态，文章通过CFD仿真分析计算其零攻角下的阻力系数，并通过多刚体-球铰模型建立其运动数学模型，分析不同航速下拖曳系统的总拉力、拖缆长度和航行器位置等的参数变化。研究结果表明：随着船舶航速的变化，拖曳系统各项参数变化的差别很大；在200 m深度时，6 kn航速相比4 kn航速的总拉力增加73%，而所需的拖缆长度仅增加1%。该数学模型可对不同航速下的水下拖曳系统的总拉力和拖缆姿态等做出预测，为拖曳系统设计提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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极地船舶在冰区航行中经常与各种类型的海冰发生不同程度的碰撞,充足的疲劳强度储备至关重要。本文提出了基于实测冰载荷的极地船舶结构冰激疲劳的累积损伤分析方法。以“雪龙”号极地考察船为研究对象,通过对我国第8次北极科学考察中的冰厚和航速等现场测量数据进行统计分析,在冰厚0.5～2.5 m、航速2～12 kn范围内构造冰激疲劳工况,并将二者的联合概率分布作为疲劳工况的发生概率;基于支持向量机方法反演识别出典型工况下的冰载荷时程,通过动力学分析确定关键位置及相应的热点应力,并采用雨流计数法统计应力循环次数;最后通过S-N曲线和Miner线性累积损伤理论进一步计算该航次内的疲劳损伤度,验证了“雪龙”号在冰区航行的安全性。本文对极地船舶结构的抗冰设计和安全评估具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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中日两国渔船动力装置性能的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文在对中日两国渔船动力装置发展情况调查研究的基础上,对比了中日两国渔船主机的性能,分析了日本渔船主机的发展趋势以及中国渔船主机的现状,提出了中国渔船主机应该以提高强化指标、小型轻量,提高可靠性,降低燃油消耗率,发展系列化为主要发展方向。 相似文献
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利用基于三维势流理论的Wasim软件,系统研究了在不同海况下大型豪华邮轮的耐波性能及作用在救生艇上的砰击载荷。首先计算豪华邮轮在规则波和不规则波中的运动响应,分析航速、浪向和海况对豪华邮轮运动响应的影响规律,然后计算救生艇在不同海况下砰击载荷的变化规律,根据变化规律评估救生艇在实际航行中的安全性。结果表明：豪华邮轮运动响应幅值随着航速和海况的增大整体呈增大趋势,规则波中横摇运动响应幅值在浪向90°时最大;当豪华邮轮处于4级和6级海况时救生艇不发生砰击;当豪华邮轮处于8级海况且航速大于10.29 m/s时救生艇发生砰击,为保证救生艇的安全,邮轮应避免在浪向120°和浪向150°下航行,此时建议邮轮以低于12.35 m/s的航速迎浪180°航行。 相似文献
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离心转速对渤海灰白冰脱盐作用的实验研究 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过实验室离心实验,研究了离心转速对渤海灰白冰脱盐、脱盐效果以及主要超标水质参数的影响.实验结果表明,在实验条件相同的情况下,离心转速的变化对灰白冰的脱盐、脱盐效果均有显著影响.离心转速达到2000r/min左右时,脱盐冰的全盐量基本降到标准要求.实验中,灰白冰的离心脱盐率保持在较高的水平,一般可达80%～90%以上,在3000～4000r/min离心转速时,渤海灰白冰脱盐率最大,可达到90 96%.离心转速的变化对灰白冰中主要超标物质的去除有不同程度的影响,其中硫酸盐含量变化幅度最大,下降了73.19%～96.52%;盐度也有较大程度的降低,但降低幅度小于硫酸盐,降幅在71.86%～93.55%之间.pH值没有发生恶化,保持在7.5左右.因此,离心转速是渤海灰白冰离心脱盐过程中的主要控制性因子之一.渤海灰白冰经过实验室离心脱盐后,全盐量等各项水质指标均可达到工农业生产和人们生活用水的指标要求. 相似文献
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王海军 《数字海洋与水下攻防》2020,3(2):129-134
介绍了“海鳐”波浪滑翔机 2019 年在南海中东部海域协同组网海上试验的情况，包括试验对象、 试验海区、试验步骤和试验数据分析。本次试验最大航程 3 069.3 km，连续航行时间 94 d。3 级海况下航速大于 1 kn，定点位置保持半径精度小于 150 m。经历多次台风考验，验证了波浪滑翔机在恶劣海况下的生存能力。 开展了多台波浪滑翔机的编队走航和定点位置保持试验，并且与国内相关单位的波浪滑翔机进行了性能比测。 本次海上试验为波浪滑翔机产品设计定型和示范应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2021,(Z1)
以三倍体长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)"海大1号"为材料,从诱导强度、诱导时机和诱导持续时间三个方面比较了6-DMAP与盐度诱导"海大1号"长牡蛎四倍体的效果,并对获得的四倍体幼虫群进行培育,探讨了"海大1号"长牡蛎四倍体幼虫群的生长、存活情况。研究表明,温度25℃、盐度30、诱导密度5×10~6个/mL的条件下,用浓度450μmol/L的6-DMAP在30%～40%的受精卵排放极体时诱导,持续诱导15 min,四倍体诱导效果最佳;四倍体率、孵化率和诱导效率分别达45.13%±1.44%,20.01%±1.37%和9.03%。盐度诱导实验中,温度25℃、诱导密度5×10~6个/mL的条件下,用盐度12的低盐海水在受精卵刚排放极体时诱导,持续诱导15 min,四倍体诱导效果最佳;四倍体率,孵化率和诱导效率分别达35.12%±2.24%、19.19%±1.12%和6.74%。长牡蛎"海大1号"四倍体幼虫群的存活率极低,培育23 d后的存活率只有1.80%,最终成功培育出四倍体幼贝4 200粒。综合来看,6-DMAP和不同盐度诱导海大1号长牡蛎四倍体的最佳组合分别是:用450μmol/L的6-DMAP在极体排放30%～40%时持续诱导15 min;用盐度12的海水在极体刚排放时持续诱导15 min。 相似文献
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从南极第24次科学考察采集的样品中分离出产低温脂肪酶菌株Psychrobacter sp.G,通过PlackettBurman法及响应面法对其产脂肪酶条件进行优化,得出最适条件为:蛋白胨0.75％、酵母粉0.2％、NaCl 2％、MgSO40.1％、(NH4)2SO4 0.1％、K2HPO40.2％、Tween-80 1.5％、培养温度15℃、培养时间72 h、装液量150 mL/500 mL、振荡转速150 r/min.在此条件下发酵的脂肪酶活力为16.5 U/mL. 相似文献
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Antonello Sala Francesco De Carlo Gabriele Buglioni Alessandro Lucchetti 《Ocean Engineering》2011,38(5-6):804-809
A new fuel consumption monitoring system was set up for research purpose in order to evaluate the energy performance of fishing vessels under different operating conditions. The system has been tested on two semi-pelagic pair trawlers in the Adriatic Sea with an engine power of around 900 kW, and with length overall of around 30 m. Both vessels work with a gear of similar design and size, the differences between the two vessels are in the propeller design and the hull material: the first with a controllable pitch propeller (CPP) and a metal hull, the second with a fixed pitch propeller (FPP) and a wooden hull. The fuel monitoring system conceived at CNR-ISMAR Ancona (Italy) consists of two mass flow sensors, one multichannel recorder and one GPS data logger. The working time duration, the vessel speed, the total fuel consumption and the instant fuel rate were logged by the system. A typical commercial round trip for a semi-pelagic trawler consists of several fishing operations (steaming, trawling sailing, etc.). Fuel consumption rate and vessel speed data were used to identify energy performance under different vessel-operating conditions. The highest fuel demands were during the trawling (130 l/h at 4.4 kn) and the steaming (100–130 l/h at 11 kn) phases. Fuel savings of up to 15% could be obtained by reducing the navigation speed of half a knot. 相似文献
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通过主机轴功率的测试判断船体,主机,螺旋桨三者的匹配状况 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
渔船主机是渔船的心脏，其技术状况的好坏直接影响到船舶的性能，而船体，主机，螺旋桨三者的匹配情况对船舶的航速，拖力以及经济效率都具有重要的影响。 相似文献
13.
Fuel consumption in fisheries is a primary concern because of its effects on the environment and the costs incurred by fishermen. Many studies have been conducted to reduce the fuel consumption in fishing operations. Fuel consumption due to fishing gear during a fishing operation is generally related to the hydrodynamic resistance on the gear. This means that fuel consumption is proportional to the drag created by the towing speed. Based on numerical methods, this study suggests a new approach to reduce fuel consumption in fisheries. The results of the simulation are in good agreement with those of model experiments. The total as well as partial resistance forces on the gear are calculated by simulation. The simulation results suggest improved materials and gear structure for reducing the hydrodynamic forces on the gear while maintaining gear performance. The method for assessing the gear performance involves measuring the height and width of the net mouth. Furthermore, this study investigates the efficiency of a low-energy trawl from an economic point of view. The findings of this study will be useful in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in fishing operations, and thereby contribute toward lowering fishing costs by saving fuel. 相似文献
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On the basis of the little clause in the “Outline Specification” for a new ship: “Trial speed at a load draught of … with the engine at maximum continuous rating has to be …” some aspects regarding propulsion of single-screw ships are discussed, especially the problem of how to combine the hull form, the propeller and the machinery for propulsion in such a way that an optimal solution is obtained.In order to limit the problem, only ships provided with a single conventional propeller for propulsion are considered.A parameter study of a single-screw vessel has been done in order to get some concrete information on the interaction between ship, engine and propeller, and to investigate how the ship propeller power curve should be placed in relation to the engine operation area and to investigate changes in this relationship when the conditions change. 相似文献
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Diesel engines provide the major power sources for marine transportation and contribute to the prosperity of the worldwide economy. However, the emissions from diesel engines also seriously threaten the environment and are considered one of the major sources of air pollution. The pollutants emitted from marine vessels are confirmed to cause the ecological environmental problems such as the ozone layer destruction, enhancement of the greenhouse effect, and acid rain, etc. Marine diesel engine emissions such as particulate matter and black smoke carry carcinogen components that significantly impact the health of human beings. Investigations on reducing pollutants, in particular particulate matter and nitrogen oxides are critical to human health, welfare and continued prosperity. The addition of an oxygenating agent into fuel oil is one of the possible approaches for reducing this problem because of the obvious fuel oil constituent influences on engine emission characteristics. Ethylene glycol monoacetate was found to be a promising candidate primarily due to its low poison and oxygen-rich composition properties. In this experimental study ethylene glycol monoacetate was mixed with diesel fuel in various proportions to prepare oxygenated diesel fuel. A four-cylinder diesel engine was used to test the engine performance and emission characteristics. The influences of ethylene glycol monoacetate ration to diesel oil, inlet air temperature and humidity parameters on the engine’s speed and torque were considered. The experimental results show that an increase in the inlet air temperature caused an increase in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide emission, and exhaust gas temperature, while decreasing the excess air, oxygen and nitrogen oxide emission concentrations. Increasing the inlet air humidity increased the carbon monoxide concentration while the decreased excess air, oxygen and nitrogen oxide emission concentrations. In addition, increasing ethylene glycol monoacetate ratio in the diesel fuel caused an increase in the BSFC while the excess air and oxygen emission concentrations decreased. 相似文献
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17.
The dynamics of a damaged ship in waves is a complex phenomenon regarding fluid and structure interactions. Flooded water motions in the damaged compartment could be influenced by decks, obstructions and obstacles in the compartment. This becomes particularly relevant in case of flooding in the engine room that is usually characterized by the presence of large objects such as engines and machineries. In such cases the possibility to better understand the behavior of a damaged ship, influenced by the fluid and structure interactions, could provide novel outcomes and thus enhance the damaged ship safety.In this paper an experimental campaign is conducted on a passenger ferry hull. The effects of obstacles in the engine room compartment, such as decks and engines, on ship roll responses, are studied. Roll decay in still water and steady roll responses in beam regular waves at zero speed are measured for the empty compartment and for the compartment with obstructions, as defined above.The main outcomes from the conducted experiments disclose a mitigation of the resonant behavior of the coupled system, ship with damaged compartment, by having engine shapes occupying the flooded engine room. Moreover it is possible to observe how the resonant frequency of the ship modifies having a more realistic arrangement of damaged compartment and how motion RAOs and roll decay characteristics modify accordingly. 相似文献
18.
Improvements of estimation accuracy on propeller torque fluctuations in waves will contribute assessments on safe operation of a ship main engine as in adverse sea condition. The propeller torque and thrust in waves can be estimated by propeller effective inflow velocity in waves, using the propeller open-water characteristics. Fluctuation components in the mathematical model of the propeller effective inflow velocity in waves can be composed of two components, respectively caused by ship surge motion and wave orbital motion at propeller position. In this study, an experimental method by the model test to directly identify the characteristics of the component by the wave orbital motion is newly proposed. Furthermore, the free-running model test in regular waves, using a simulator of the marine diesel engine which manages the shaft speed of the motor on a ship model as behaving the actual diesel engine, is carried out to obtain realistic torque fluctuations for comparisons of the estimated results applying the proposed identification method. Through comparisons of estimated fluctuations with the measured results, the proposed approach for the component of the inflow velocity due to wave orbital motion is successfully validated. 相似文献
19.
海洋石油支持船的船舶特性及其作业任务的特殊性,决定了不能照搬照抄航运企业的经验,必须探索出一条自己的节能减排路径.在分析各种影响船舶油耗的因素的基础上,筛选出海洋石油支持船节油空间较大以及可控的影响因素,提出节能减排的实施思路. 相似文献