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活动断裂带工程地质研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
活动构造带工程地质问题是工程地质和岩土工程界长期关注的难点,主要涉及断裂剧烈活动(地震)产生的地表破裂、隧道震害、斜坡地质灾害、非震期活动断裂带隧道应力异常、碎裂岩带大变形,以及活动断裂长期演化过程中对地形地貌、斜坡岩体结构和局部地应力场的影响等。本文简要回顾了国内外活动断裂带工程地质研究从模糊到逐渐清晰的过程,重点梳理总结了地面工程避让活动断裂、隧道工程穿越活动断裂带的稳定性评价、活动断裂带斜坡地质灾害效应等方面的主要进展,结合作者以往研究认为：①不同类型活动断裂的影响带宽度或避让距离有所差异,逆断型地表破裂影响带宽度(D)与垂直位移(H)基本符合线性关系D=10H+16. 0m,可据此确定避让距离,走滑型地表破裂的避让距离取15m为宜。②结合复杂艰险山区铁路选线和施工过程,给出了隧道工程穿越活动断裂带的合理角度,以及地震期和非地震期活动断裂带附近的隧道变形破坏特征。③从活动断裂带对地形地貌和岩体结构的影响、断裂剧烈活动(地震)诱发崩塌滑坡灾害、断裂蠕滑作用对斜坡应力场和稳定性的影响、断裂活动为地质灾害链提供大量物源等方面,揭示了活动断裂带地质灾害效应的主要表现形式。综合以上研究进展和存在的问题,提出了今后值得关注的主要研究方向,对于活动构造区工程地质研究和防灾减灾具有指导意义。 相似文献
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黄河小浪底水库诱发地震预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄河小浪底水库库区地质构造复杂 ,库区及周边存在着十几条活动断层 ,它们是可能诱震断层。本文首先对库区断裂分布规律、相互关系进行分析 ,并探讨其断裂活动性 ,然后在综合地质条件分析、地震地质与工程地质类比的基础上 ,应用概率预测法分析得知小浪底水库有诱发地震的可能 ,并采用水库综合影响参数法、断层破裂长度法、聚类分析法估算了水库诱发地震震级 ,结果表明其震级以 5级为上限 ,随后简单估计了其震中位置与时间。 相似文献
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刘玉海 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1978,(1)
鉴于在地震危险区进行各类重大工程规划、设计之前,迫切要求解决与工程地质有关的一系列抗震地质问题,笔者试做如下讨论。 一、抗震工程地质调查研究问题 危害工程建筑物的震害地质因素很多。诸如伴随地震发生出现的新断裂、砂土液化、地下水埋藏条件、岩石类型、地形地貌、溶洞陷落、崩塌、滑坡以及地面沉陷和上隆等,都是影响震害的因素。为正确地评价与选择场地抗震地质条件,就必须对地震危险区的各类震害地质因素作严密的调查研究。 相似文献
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文章简介了下汤地区区域地质及地震地质条件,分析了下汤地区岩体渗透性、现代地应力场特征及车村—鲁山断裂现代活动性。从地质条件分析、工程地质地震地质类比、危险度估算及统计检验等诸方面,论证了下汤水库诱发地震的可能性;结合岩石断裂力学研究成果预测了下汤水库诱发地震的可能震级和震中位置。 相似文献
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甘肃天水等城镇和成兰交通廊道位于青藏高原东缘南北活动构造带中段,是中国东西部地质、地貌边界带,断裂活动性强,地震活动频繁。本文在区内地质资料收集分析和野外地质调查的基础上,从活动断裂、浅表层地质灾害、深埋隧道重大工程地质问题等角度,分析了甘肃天水等城镇和成兰交通廊道规划建设过程中可能遇到的工程地质问题,认为:研究区内对成兰铁路和甘肃天水等城镇具有重大影响的活动断裂带主要有15条,并对区域构造应力场具有重要影响,具有强震诱发背景;研究区内地质灾害极为发育,主要包括崩塌、滑坡和泥石流,地质灾害的发育分布受强降雨、地震和活动断裂影响大,并发育一系列古地震滑坡,部分崩塌和滑坡方量大,具有高位、高速远程等特征,已严重制约着城镇、铁路、公路等地面工程建设,危害严重;研究区内深埋长大隧道多且工程地质问题复杂,已经遇到并严重受高地应力、软岩大变形、涌水突泥和高地温等重大工程地质问题的影响,同时还存在活动断裂断错效应对深埋隧道和桥梁等重要工程设施的长期影响。针对上述工程地质问题,深入探讨了其发育分布规律,并提出了调查研究途径和解决办法,对区内重要城镇、重大工程规划建设具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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三峡水库引水工程秦巴段工程地质条件研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在系统调查研究三峡引水工程秦—巴段区域地壳稳定性、活动断裂、工程地质条件和重大工程地质问题的基础上,根据三峡引水工程秦巴地区的工程地质条件及其差异性,初步将其分为六个工程地质区段,即:Ⅰ—四川盆地沉积岩区、Ⅱ—大巴山南麓弧形断褶区、Ⅲ—大巴山断裂较密集的岩溶发育区、Ⅳ—南秦岭断裂较少发育的中轻变质岩区、Ⅴ—秦岭造山带断裂密集发育的高变质岩区、Ⅵ—渭河盆地第四系堆积区。总体评价:Ⅰ和Ⅵ段工程地质条件较好,Ⅲ和Ⅴ段条件较差,重大工程地质问题较多。其中,主要的工程地质问题是岩爆、大变形和突水,特别是秦岭主峰附近可能发生强岩爆、大巴山区可能引发大规模岩溶突水值得高度重视。从区域地质环境、地壳稳定性、线路工程地质条件和主要工程地质问题等因素综合分析3条比选线路的差异,初步认为秦巴段三条输水线路以中线相对较好。 相似文献
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榆木山北缘断裂位于河西走廊中段榆木山山前,是榆木山隆起与河西走廊之间的分界断裂。研究榆木山北缘断裂的断错地貌与活动特征,有助于进一步了解该地区的地震危险性及历史地震的归属问题。本研究通过遥感影像解译、野外地质调查及无人机航空摄影测量,获得了研究点高精度DEM数据,并利用数据进行了微地貌分析,详细区分了榆木山北缘断裂被断错及未断错的洪积扇,根据断错特征使用14C测年方法对洪积扇进行了定年,对榆木山北缘断裂最新地震事件进行了限定。结果表明,榆木山北缘断裂未断错的早期洪积扇年代为2775～2940 cal.a B. P.,表明断裂最新一次地震活动发生在2775～2940 cal.a B. P.之前。综合前人研究结果,榆木山北缘断裂的最新一次地震事件限定在约2775～2940 cal.a B. P.至3940～4155 cal.a B. P.之间,该结果不支持公元180年表氏（高台）7级地震发生在榆木山北缘断裂上的观点。榆木山北缘断裂古地震离逝时间较长,已接近或超过地震复发间隔,具有较高的地震危险性。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献