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1.
从红树植物红海榄叶片中分离一株对芘具有较好降解作用的海洋细菌,命名为B11,并对其菌体特征、生长条件及降解效能等进行了系统研究。结果发现该菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,结合其生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列比对,表明此菌株属于交替单胞菌属(Alteromonas sp.)。菌株在芘的起始浓度为100 mg/L,pH为中性或偏碱性条件下,盐度35时对芘的降解作用最强。外加碳源对B11对芘的降解效果都具有一定的抑制作用,其中水杨酸的抑制作用更为显著。综合菌株B11的生长特性和降解效能,初步认为B11菌株较适合用于降解多环芳烃芘,可用于红树植物多环芳烃生态污染的原位修复。 相似文献
2.
海洋微生物对多环芳烃的降解 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
从海域沉积物中富集分离出以芘作为唯一碳源和能源的海洋微生物，以ST4富集培养的混合微生物作为研究对象；该海洋混合菌株能利用菲（Phe）、芘（Pyr)、荧蒽（Fla)等多种多环芳烃；在不同浓度的芘的降解中，当芘的浓度为50mg/dm^3时，其生长水平和降解速率最高；当芘的浓度为200mg/dm^3时，其生长受到抑制，芘几乎不能被降解。外加营养盐酵母浸出液和葡萄糖促进降解微生物的生长，提高降解速率。研究表明了海洋微生物在多环芳烃污染环境的生物修复应用前景。 相似文献
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本研究从红树林沉积物样品中筛选获得一株具有较高纤维素酶活性的菌株ms-2,通过革兰氏染色、生理生化试验,以及16S r DNA基因片段比对鉴定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)ms-2。对其产酶性质进行研究表明该菌株所产纤维素酶为胞外酶而非膜锚定酶,该酶具有良好的嗜热性,且在弱酸条件下酶活性较高,最适宜温度和pH分别为65℃和6. 0,在此条件下最高酶活性为0. 655 7 U/cm3;另外,在浓度为1 mmol/dm3Cu2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Fe3+和Mn2+条件下,Cu2+对酶活性无显著影响,Mg2+、Zn2+、Fe3+和Mn2+对酶活性均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中Mn2+的抑制最为明显,酶活性下降了29. 96%。由于产业应用中酶解纤维素时通常需要在55～60℃的温度下进行,研究获得的嗜热纤维素酶不仅适合这样的温度环境,还能维持较高的酶活性水平,并且对Cu2+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Fe3+较不敏感,有利于产业开发应用。 相似文献
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本研究从西印度洋表层沉积物中筛选获得1株高抗性、稳定性好的纤维素酶高产菌株XN149,通过形态学、革兰氏染色、生理生化鉴定以及16S rRNA基因序列分析对菌株进行分类鉴定,并研究了其酶学特性。结果表明,菌株XN149为漳州芽孢杆菌（Bacillus zhangzhouensis）,具有较高的产纤维素酶能力。酶学特性研究表明,该菌株所产纤维素酶的最适反应温度为65 ℃,最佳pH为6.0,该条件下发酵48 h后粗酶液酶活力为（60.19±0.31） U/mL。在30～60 ℃及pH为5.0～8.0时酶活性稳定性较高,Fe3+、Mn2+对该酶活性有一定的促进作用,Ba2+对其酶活性具有抑制作用。综上,漳州芽孢杆菌XN149是一株高产纤维素酶菌株,所产纤维素酶具有良好的耐热性和一定的酸碱耐受性,具有潜在的产业应用开发价值。 相似文献
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研究了饲料中添加中草药和芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei生长和肠道细菌的影响.以基础饲料为对照(C),通过添加中草药和芽孢杆菌Bacillus spp.配制成4种实验饲料:0.2%中草药(M),0.20%中草药制剂+0.30%芽孢杆菌(BMI),0.10%中草药制剂+0.15%芽孢杆菌(BM2),0.30%芽孢杆菌(B).实验分成5组,分别投喂上述饲料,共进行了56d.结果表明,各组对虾的成活率95.83%-98.33%,各处理间无显著差异(P＞0.05);投喂实验饲料的各组对虾终末体重均高于对照组(C),其中BM2与C差异性显著(P＜0.05);M、BM1和BM2的增重率和特定增长率显著高于C和B;M组的对虾肠道异养菌总数和弧菌数均高于其他各组,而共同添加组BM1和BM2的异养菌和弧菌数则最少.从各组选取菌落数在50-100,分布均匀的平板,随机挑取30株细菌进行分类鉴定,结果C、M、BM1、BM2和B组细菌属数分别为11、8、6、5和7个.饲料中添加中草药和芽孢杆菌促进了对虾的生长,且共同添加的效果好于单独添加,它们的使用改变了肠道细菌的数量和组成. 相似文献
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一株红树林根际固氮菌的分离、鉴定以及固氮活性测定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用选择性无氮培养基从红树林根际土壤中分离出一株具有高效固氮活性的固氮细菌,通过形态学,生化鉴定,G+C摩尔分数含量和16S rRNA以及固氮基因nifH的序列分析,初步鉴定为短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus.其特征是该菌为革兰氏阳性,直杆状,固体培养基上形成圆形白色菌落(直径3-4mm),与短小芽孢杆菌标准菌株相比较,它们在碳源利用,水解以及生长温度盐度等方面具相似程度很高,G+C摩尔分数含量为44.6%,以16S rRNA为基础构建的系统进化树分析其与短小芽孢杆菌B.pumilus B402的进化距离最近,相似性为99.6%,利用乙炔还原法对其固氮活性进行测定,具有较高的固氮活性,为156.32nmol C2H4·H-1·mL-1. 相似文献
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为探讨生防细菌应用于水产养殖动物细菌病防治的可行性,作者从厦门市海沧港口污泥中筛选到一株蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)K2-1,利用琼脂扩散法发现其发酵上清对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)养殖常见致病菌——副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus))有较强拮抗作用。进一步分析抗菌物质的部分特性,结果显示,蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)K2-1发酵产生的抗菌物质含有蛋白(肽)类成分,该抗菌物质具有一定的耐热性,其在温度40~70℃的条件下保持较好的抑菌效果,对酸碱度也有很强的耐受力,pH在3.0~9.0范围内,活性降低少于15%,对紫外线不敏感,对胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶也不敏感,但对蛋白酶K敏感。从实验结果可以初步确定该菌具有较好的开发价值。 相似文献
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以北戴河碱蓬-芦苇滨海湿地采集的5个根际土壤样品为研究材料,使用以原油为唯一碳源的选择培养基富集培养石油降解菌,采用重量法评价降解效率,通过GC-MS分析研究高效降解菌的降解特性,利用排油圈法测定降解菌的表面活性剂产生能力。研究结果表明,初筛获得22株石油降解菌,在25℃降解21d的条件下对石油的降解率为17%～38%,其中qhd2B降解率最高,为38%,其中8株具有较好的产表面活性剂的能力。16s测序结果经BLAST比对,所分离获得的22株菌中,8株菌属于放线菌门(Actinobacteria),13株菌属于变形菌门(Proteobacteria),有一株拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丽水菌属(Yeosuana)。选取石油降解率在31%以上菌株进行GC-MS分析,结果显示其对大部分烷烃和多环芳香烃都有较好的降解效果。其中菌株qhd2B对烷烃和芳烃的总降解率分别为79.9%和76.7%,是一株优良的石油降解菌。 相似文献
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一株甲胺磷高效降解菌——巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)的分离及其分子鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湘潭南天化工厂的甲胺磷废水未经处理直接排放,对湘江及下游的湖泊造成了一定的污染,利用解磷微生物去除江河湖泊中的甲胺磷污染是一条有效的途径.本文作者从被该厂甲胺磷废水污染的湖泊中分离细菌样品,以甲胺磷为唯一碳源和能源,经过定向筛选,得到一株可高效降解甲胺磷的菌株HN001.气相色谱测定结果表明,此菌株对甲胺磷的降解率在48h和96h分别为49.24%和98.20%.对其进行了常规生理生化测试,结果表明,该菌株与巨大芽孢杆菌的表型特征非常相似.为了进一步确定HN001的分类学地位,测定了其16S rRNA基因序列,分析了相关细菌相应序列的同源性,构建了分子系统发生树,结果表明菌株HN001与巨大芽孢杆菌的亲缘关系最近.综合上述结果,菌株HN001可鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium). 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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